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Ready to start exploring a previously uncharted island? Good! You and the other players each have a team of five scientists, and you want to capture animal species so that you can study them ? and, of course, score points.. . . In the end, the player with the most worthy mixture of fruit ? whether many of the same kind or all different kinds ? and additional ladders and baskets of high value wins the game.
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Welcome' to C-GAMES. This site is meant to provide you
with information, lots of screenshots and covers mostly from
Japanese anime related games, but you can easily notice
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Featured GamesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the video game genre.
For other uses, see .
A screenshot of , one of the breakthrough games of the genre, displaying the typical perspective of a first-person shooter.
First-person shooter (FPS) is a
centered on gun and projectile weapon-bas that is, the player experiences the action through the eyes of the , and in some cases, the . The first-person shooter shares common traits with other , which in turn fall under the heading . From the genre's inception, advanced
graphics have challenged hardware development, and
has been integral.
The first-person shooter has since been traced as far back as , development of which began in 1973, and 1974's . The genre coalesced with 1992's , which has been credited with creating the genre proper and the basic archetype upon which subsequent titles were based. One such title, and the progenitor of the genre's wider mainstream acceptance and popularity was , perhaps one of the most influential for many years, the term Doom clone was used to designate this genre due to Doom 's influence. 1998's
- along with its 2004 sequel
- enhanced the narrative and puzzle elements.
In 1999 's mod
was released, and together with
is perhaps the most influential first-person shooters.
(1997) was a first landmark first-person shooter for , with the
series heightening the console's commercial and critical appeal as a platform for first-person shooter titles. In the 21st century, the first-person shooter is the most commercially viable video game genre, as well as being the genre that has taken more market share of any other genre in the gaming industry.
First-person shooters are a type of three-dimensional , featuring a
point of view with which the player sees the action through the eyes of the . They are unlike , in which the player can see (usually from behind) the character they are controlling. The primary design element is combat, mainly involving firearms.
They are also often categorized as being distinct from , a similar genre with a first-person perspective which use
peripherals, in contrast to first-person shooters which use conventional input devices for movement. A more important key difference is that first-person light-gun shooters like
often feature "on-rails" movement, whereas first-person shooters like Doom give the player more freedom to roam.
The first-person shooter may be considered a distinct genre in itself, or a type of shooter game, in turn a subgenre of the wider
genre. Following the release of the influential Doom in 1993, games in this style were commonly termed "Doom clones"; in time this term has largely been replaced by "first-person shooter". Wolfenstein 3D, released in 1992, the year before Doom, has been credited with inventing the genre, but critics have since identified similar though less advanced games developed as far back as 1973. There is sometimes disagreement regarding exactly what design elements constitute a first-person shooter, for example,
are sometimes considered first-person shooters, but may also be considered
as they borrow from this genre extensively. Some commentators may extend the definition to include
where the cockpit or vehicle takes place of the hands and weapons, as opposed to characters on foot.
Like most shooter games, first-person shooters involve an , one or more , and a varying number of enemies. Because they take place in a 3D environment, these games tend to be somewhat more realistic than
games, and have more accurate representations of gravity, lighting, sound and collisions. First-person shooters played on
are most often controlled with a combination of a
and . This system has been claimed as superior to that found in console games, which frequently use two : one used for running and sidestepping, the other for . It is common to display the character's hands and weaponry in the main view, with a
showing health,
and location details. Often, it is possible to overlay a map of the surrounding area.
First-person shooters often focus on action gameplay, with fast-paced and bloody firefights, though some place a greater emphasis on narrative, problem-solving and logic puzzles. In addition to shooting,
combat may also be used extensively. In some games, melee weapons are especially powerful, a reward for the risk the player must take in maneuvering his character into close proximity to the enemy. In other situations, a melee weapon may be less effective, but necessary as a last resort. "" are more realistic, and require teamwork and the player often commands a squad of characters, which may be controlled by the game or by human teammates.
First-person shooters typically give players a choice of weapons, which have a large impact on how the player will play the game. Some game designs have realistic models of actual existing or historical weapons, incorporating their rate of fire, magazine size, ammunition amount, recoil and accuracy. Other first-person shooter games may incorporate imaginative variations of weapons, including future prototypes, "alien technology" scenario defined weaponry, and/or utilizing a wide array of projectiles, from industrial labor tools to laser, energy, plasma, rocket and grenade launchers or crossbows. These many variations may also be applied to the tossing animations of grenades, rocks, spears and the such. Also more unconventional modes of destruction may be employed from the viewable users hands such as flames, electricity, telekinesis or other supernatural constructions. However, designers often allow characters to carry varying multiples of weapons with little to no reduction in speed or mobility, or perhaps more realistically, a pistol or smaller device and a long rifle or even limiting the player to only one weapon at a time. There are often options to trade up, upgrade or swap out in most games. Thus, the standards of realism varies between design elements. The protagonist can generally be healed and re-armed by means of items such as , simply by walking over them. Some games allow players to accumulate
similar to those found in role-playing games, which can unlock new weapons and abilities.
First-person shooters may be structurally composed of , or use the technique of a continuous narrative in which the game never leaves the first-person perspective. Others feature large
environments, which are not divided into levels and can be explored freely. In first-person shooters, protagonists interact with the environment to varying degrees, from basics such as using doors, to problem solving puzzles based on a variety of interactive objects. In some games, the player can damage the environment, also to varying degrees: one common device is the use of barrels containing
which the player can shoot, destroying them and harming nearby enemies. Other games feature environments which are extensively destructible, allowing for additional visual effects. The game world will often make use of science fiction, historic (particularly ) or
themes, with such
as , monsters,
and soldiers of various types. Games feature multiple in harder modes, enemies are tougher, more aggressive and do more damage, and power-ups are limited. In easier modes, the player can succeed through
on more difficult settings, it is often necessary to memorize the levels through trial and error.
Later first-person shooters utilize the internet for multiplayer features, but local area networks were more commonly used in early games.
First-person shooters may feature a
mode, taking place on specialized levels. Some games are designed specifically for multiplayer gaming, and have very limited single player modes in which the player competes against game-controlled characters termed "bots".
allow thousands of players to compete at once in a . Large scale multiplayer games allow multiple squads, with leaders issuing commands and a commander controlling the team's overall strategy. Multiplayer games have a variety of different styles of match.
The classic types are the
(and its team-based variant) in which players score points by killing other players' and , in which teams attempt to penetrate the opposing base, capture a flag and return it to their own base whilst preventing the other team from doing the same. Other game modes may involve attempting to capture enemy bases or areas of the map, attempting to take hold of an object for as long as possible while evading other players, or deathmatch variations involving limited lives or in which players fight over a particularly potent . These match types may also be customizable, allowing the players to vary weapons, health and power-ups found on the map, as well as victory criteria. Games may allow players to choose between various , each with its own strengths, weaknesses, equipment and roles within a team.
Before the popularity of first-person shooters, the first-person viewpoint was used in
The earliest two documented first-person shooter video games are
and . Maze War features on-foot gameplay that evokes modern first-person shooter games. Development of the game began in 1973 and its exact date of completion is unknown. Spasim had a documented debut at the
in 1974. The game was a rudimentary , which featured a first-person perspective. They were distinct from modern first-person shooters, involving simple
where the player could only move from square to square and turn in
increments. Spasim led to more detailed combat flight simulators and eventually to a , developed for the , in the later 1970s. These games were not available to consumers, however, and it was not until 1980 that a tank video game, , was released in . A version of the game was released in 1983 for home computers and became the first successful mass-market game featuring a first-person viewpoint and
, presented using a
, an early first-person shooter released in 1987 for the , featured
and character designs similar to , but displayed in a first-person perspective. Later ported to various systems - including the
- under the title , it featured the first network multiplayer , using a
interface. It was a relatively minor game, but despite the inconvenience of connecting numerous machines together, its multiplayer mode gained a cult following:
called it the "first multi-player 3D shooter on a mainstream system" and the first "major LAN action game".
Id Software's
technology in 1991 to enable faster gameplay than 1980 and a later advance, , was introduced with , a 1992
that featured a first-person viewpoint and an advanced graphics engine. When shown a demo of Ultima Underworld the year before, id developer
remarked that he "could write a faster texture mapper", and would feel motivated by Looking Glass's example to do the same in
(which was released in late 1991). Catacomb 3-D also introduced the display of the protagonist's hand and weapon (in this case, magical spells) on the screen, whereas previously aspects of the player's avatar were not visible. The experience of developing Ultima Underworld would make it possible for Looking Glass to create the
series years later.
Although it was not the earliest
perspective,
is often credited with establishing the first-person shooter genre.
(created by
and released in 1992) was an instant success and has been credited with inventing the first-person shooter genre proper. It built on the ray casting technology pioneered in earlier games to create a revolutionary template for shooter game design, which first-person shooters are still based upon today. Despite its violent themes, Wolfenstein largely escaped the controversy generated by the later , although it was banned in
version replaced the enemy
with giant . , the publisher of Wolfenstein 3D, followed up its success with
in 1993. The game was initially well received but sales rapidly declined in the wake of the success of id's Doom, released a week later.
, released as
in 1993, refined Wolfenstein 3D's template by adding improved textures, variations in height (such as stairs the player's character could climb) and effects such as flickering lights and patches of total darkness, creating a more believable 3D environment than Wolfenstein 3D's more monotonous and simplistic levels. Doom allowed competitive matches between multiple players, termed "deathmatches," and the game was responsible for the word's subsequent entry into the video gaming lexicon. The game became so popular that its multiplayer features began to cause problems for companies whose
were used to play the game.
Doom has been considered the most important first-person shooter ever made: it was highly influential not only on subsequent shooter games but on video gaming in general, and has been available on almost every video gaming system since. Multiplayer gaming, which is now integral to the first-person shooter genre, was first achieved successfully on a large scale with Doom. While its combination of ,
imagery garnered acclaim from critics, these attributes also generated criticism from religious groups, with other commentators labelling the game a "murder simulator." There was further controversy when it emerged that the
w the families of several victims later unsuccessfully attempted to sue numerous video game companies - among them id Software - which the families claimed inspired the massacre.
released , which modified the Doom engine to enable vertical aiming and . On the , 's release, in the same year, of , and its subsequent sequels, set the standard for first-person shooters on that platform. Marathon pioneered or was an early adopter of several new features such as , dual-wielded and dual-function weapons, versatile multiplayer modes (such as King of the Hill, Kill the Man with the Ball, and cooperative play), friendly , and a strong emphasis on storytelling in addition to the action.
was released in 1995 after
would make appropriate material for a game in the style of Doom. However, Star Wars: Dark Forces added several technical features that Doom lacked, such as the ability to crouch or look up and down, Apogee's , released in 1996, was "the last of the great, sprite-based shooters" winning acclaim for its humor based around stylised
as well as its gameplay. However, some found the game's (and later the whole series') treatment of women to be derogatory and tasteless.
In 1994, Exact released Geograph Seal for the Japanese
home computer. An obscure import title as far as the Western market was concerned, it was nonetheless "a fully 3D polygonal first-person shooter" with innovative
mechanics and
outdoor environments. The following year, Exact released its successor for the
console, , which placed more emphasis on its platform elements.
(released by
in 1995), a game in which the player pilots a
around caves and factory ducts, was a truly three-dimensional first-person shooter. It abandoned
and ray casting in favour of
Shortly after the release of Duke Nukem 3D in 1996, id Software released the much anticipated . Like Doom, Quake was influential and genre-defining, featuring fast-paced, gory gameplay, but used 3D polygons instead of sprites. It was centered around online gaming and featured multiple match types still found in first-person shooter games today. It was the first FPS game to have a following of player
(although the concept had existed previously in
(Netmech) with its
lore as well as amongst
players), and would inspire popular
such as . The game's popularity and use of 3D polygonal graphics also helped to expand the growing
and the additional support and encouragement for
attracted players who wanted to tinker with the game and create their own modules.
Based on the
was released in 1997, and as of 2004 it was the best-selling
game in the United States. It was the first landmark console first-person shooter and was highly acclaimed for its atmospheric single-player levels and well designed multiplayer maps. It featured a , the ability to perform head-shots, and the incorporation as well as -inspired features such as reloading, position-dependent hit reaction animations, penalties for killing innocents, and an aiming system allowing players to aim at a precise spot on the screen.
Though not the first of its kind, 1998's
started a popular trend of tactical first-person shooters. It featured a team-based, realistic design and themes based around , requiring missions to be planned before execution and in it, a single hit was sometimes enough to kill a character. , released in 1999, started a long running proliferation of first-person shooters set during World War II.
featured in-game scripted sequences rather than cut-scenes.
Half-Life was released in 1998, based upon 's graphics technology. Initially met with only mild anticipation, it went on to become an unprecedented commercial success. While previous first-person shooters had focused on visceral gameplay with comparatively weak plots,
ha the game featured no
but remained in the first-person perspective at all times. It featured innovations such as
(featured somewhat earlier in titles such as ) but did not employ
in the traditional sense. Half-Life was praised for its , selection of weapons and attention to detail and "has since been recognized as one of the greatest games of all time" according to GameSpot. Its sequel
(released in 2004), was less influential though "arguably a more impressive game".
, also released in 1998, was a multiplayer online shooter allowing more than 32 players in a single match. It featured team-based gameplay with a variety of specialized roles, and an unusual
feature. The game was highly popular and later imitated by games such as the
series. Id's
and Epic's , both released in 1999, were popular for their frenetic and accessible onli both featured very limited single player gameplay.
was also released in 1999, a Half-Life
with a counter-terrorism theme. The game and later version
(2004) went on to become by far the most popular multiplayer first-person shooter and computer game modification ever, with over 90,000 players competing online at any one time during its peak.
game show in 1999,
unveiled a
game called ; at the following E3, an overhauled
version was displayed. In 2000 Bungie, was bought by . Halo was then revamped and released as a first- it was one of the
console. It was a runaway critical and commercial success, and is considered a premier console first-person shooter. It featured narrative and storyline reminiscent of Bungie's earlier
series but now told largely through in-game dialog and cut scenes. It also received acclaim for its characters, both the protagonist,
and its . The sequel,
(2004), brought the popularity of online-gaming to the console market through the medium of , on which it was the most played game for almost two years.
, released by
in 2000, featured a levelling system similar to that found in role- it also had multiple narratives depending on how the player completed missions and won acclaim for its serious, artistic style. The
in 2000 and
in 2003 attempted to combine the
and first-person shooter genres along with
elements. , released in 2002 for the , a highly praised console first-person shooter, incorporated
elements such as
and built on the
. Taking a "massive stride forward for first-person games", the game emphasised its adventure elements rather than shooting and was credited by journalist Chris Kohler with "breaking the genre free from the clutches of Doom".
, released in 2001, featured a persistent and "massively multiplayer environment", although
said that "the full realization of that environment is probably still a few years away." , another World War II shooter released in 2002, featured large scale battles incorporating aircraft, naval vessels, land vehicles and infantry combat. In 2003,
allowed hundreds of players at once to compete in a persistent world, and was also promoted as the "world's first massively multiplayer online first person shooter." , released in 2004, placed a greater emphasis on horror and frightening the player than previous games in the series and was a critically acclaimed best seller, though some commentators felt it lacked gameplay substance and innovation, putting too much emphasis on impressive graphics. In 2005, a
featured a sequence that emulated the viewpoint and action of the first-person shooter, but was critically derided as deliberately unintelligent and gratuitously violent.
was acclaimed for successfully combining first-person shooter gameplay with a
atmosphere. Later in 2007, '
would be acclaimed by some commentators as the best game of that year for its innovation in artistry, narrative and design, with some calling it the "" to Irrational's earlier .
Finally, the
(2004) and
(2007) as well as 's
(2008) would break new ground in terms of graphics and large,
level design, whereas
(2006) and its sequel
(2008) presented increasingly refined linear levels and narratives, with the fast pace and linearity of the
games bearing a resemblance to rail shooters. In 2006, GamaSutra reported the first-person shooter as one of the biggest and fastest growing video game genres in terms of revenue for publishers.
This section requires . (January 2014)
In 2010, researchers at
showed that playing first-person shooter video games is associated with superior mental flexibility. Compared to non-players, players of such games were found to require a significantly shorter reaction time while switching between complex tasks, possibly because they are required to develop a more responsive mindset to rapidly react to fast-moving visual and auditory stimuli, and to shift back and forth between different sub-duties. The use of motion detecting
– particularly the 's – "promised to make FPS controls more approachable and precise with an interface as simple as literally pointing to aim" and thus "dramatically reshape the first-person shooter." However, technical difficulties pertinent to functions other than aiming – such as maneuvering or reloading – prevented their widespread use among first-person shooters. The
user interface combines a motion-sensitive gamepad, head tracker and sliding foot pedals to increase the precision and level of control over one's avatar in military first-person shooter games.
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