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The Awakening 复活 英文版
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内容提示：小说背景&#
　　长篇小说《复活》()是托尔斯泰晚年的代表作，情节的基础是真实的案件。贵族青年聂赫留道夫诱奸姑母家中养女、农家姑娘卡秋莎·玛斯洛娃，导致她沦为妓女；而当她被诬为谋财害命时，他却以陪审员身份出席法庭审判她。这看似巧合的事件，在当时社会却有典型意义。小说一方面表现作者晚年代表性主题──精神觉醒和离家出走；主要方面则是借聂赫留道夫的经历和见闻，展示从城市到农村的社会阴暗面，对政府、法庭、监狱、教会、土地私有制和资本主义制度作了深刻的批判。不过，作品的后面部分，渐渐突出了不以暴力抗恶和自我修身的说教。托尔斯泰的力量和弱点，在这里得到最集中最鲜明的表现。&#
　　这时作家世界观已经发生激变，抛弃了上层地主贵族阶层的传统观点，用宗法农民的眼光重新审查了各种社会现象，通过男女主人公的遭遇淋漓尽致地描绘出一幅幅沙俄社会的真实图景：草菅人命的法庭和监禁无辜百姓的牢狱；金碧辉煌的教堂和褴褛憔悴的犯人；荒芫破产的农村和豪华奢侈的京都；茫茫的西伯利亚和手铐脚镣的政治犯。托尔斯泰以最清醒的现实主义态度对当时的全套国家机器进行了激烈的抨击。然而在《复活》中，托尔斯泰虽然对现实社会做了激烈的抨击，揭露了社会制度的本质，但是小说结尾，仍然把改革社会的寄希望于基督教，又把自己的宗教观强行植入小说当中，并且几乎否定了资本主义一切国家机器的一切作用，不得不说是小说思想境界上的一个遗憾。&#
　　小说原计划创作四部，但只创作了三部。
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The Awakening 复活 英文版
官方公共微信Listening & Speaking
Unit 17　 How are you feeling?
Vocabulary Task
Answers/Script
1. A: What's the matter?
　 B: My stomach
hurts. I have a bad stomachache.
2. A: How are you doing?
　 B: I feel really great
today. I'm finally starting to get
3. A: What happened?
　 B: I had a skiing accident . I broke my arm .
4. A: How do you feel?
　 B: I didn't sleep
much last night. I'm really tired
5. A: What did you do?
　 B: Ouch! I stayed in the sun too long. I have a bad sunburn !
6. A: What's wrong?
　 B: Ooh…What a headache! I feel like my head is going to burst!
Listening Task
1 First Listening
1. Her throat hurts. They both have sore throats.
2. He's not in shape. He needs to get in shape.
3. He has a bad headache and a fever.
4. She broke her leg.
2 Second Listening
1. Let's get a cup of tea.
2. I need to get in shape.
3. That's too bad. You need to go home.
4. How did you break it?
1. A: What's wrong?
　 B: My throat hurts. I feel terrible.
　 A: I have a sore throat, too.
　 B: Let's get a cup of tea.
2. A: Wow! You look so healthy.
　 B: I feel great.
　 A: I run every morning.
　 B: Not me. I need to get in shape.
3. A: What's the matter?
　 B: I feel funny. I have a bad headache. I think I have a fever, too.
　 A: That's too bad. You need to go home.
　 B: I can't. I have a big meeting this afternoon.
4. A: What happened to you?
　 B: I broke my leg.
　 A: I can see that. How did you break it?
　 B: I fell – at the park. I was skating.
Real World Listening
I have a sunburn. I can't sleep.
2 Get the main ideas
1. sunburn:
stay in a cool, don' eat cool foods like ice cream and drink cold juice
2. can't sleep at night: don't don't drink a lot
try reading something very boring
　　Doctor: Welcome to “Ask the Doctor.” I'm Dr. Helen Monroe here today to help you with your health problems. Let's go to the first caller. Hello, you're on the air.
　　First Caller: Hello. My problem is sunburn. I fell asleep in the sun. Now I have a bad sunburn. Really bad. My skin is red and hot. I can't eat. I can't sleep. I feel terrible. What should I do?
　　Doctor: For a bad sunburn, drink a lot of water. Stay in a cool, quiet room. Rest. And of course, don't go outside in the sun. eat cool foods like ice cream and drink cold juice. Now on to our next caller:
　　Second Caller: My problem is I can't sleep at night. Every night I can't fall asleep. So… I'm always tired.
　　Doctor: If you can't sleep, don't take sleep medicine. It doesn't really help you. Instead, try to get some exercise every day. Swim, play tennis, dance… perhaps take a walk. Secondly, don't drink a lot of alcohol or coffee. Especially coffee. It's loaded with caffeine that will keep you up. Third, try reading something very boring. A boring book can help you go right to sleep! Now to our next caller…Ways to Develop Self-confidence in Public Speaking_雄鹰展翅英语团交流吧吧_百度贴吧
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Ways to Develop Self-confidence in Public Speaking
----- by gjivan
A person who can talk effectively before mass or public can obviously talk confidently before a group or a individual “-Dale Carnegie. This saying really worth a lot for the one who wants to be successful to talk confidently. Talking or expressing self to others is that tool gifted to humankind by which he can achieve infinite success in his life. For example, a person is talented, he has many talents but just lack to express himself before others, this means all his talents are of no work or just lie dormant. Therefore, to develop personality, public speaking is the topic or tool which can’t be left aside. I have read many books of Dale carnegie which are really motivational and inspires me to write and post here in my blog. I say these books are practical rather theoritical. And, this post is also based on in one of his book, i am just a medium to express his gift and contribution to the society and my experiences too.Well, there are lots of phobias and fears which become blocks in human success and personality development, and in public speaking also, fear is one major factor which creates hazards. “Fear defeats more people than any other one thing in the world”–Emerson, so if we are able to transform this emotion into something postive, then only success follow us in whatever we do or willing to do. In public speaking, fear of audience is the main reason for self-consciousness.Dale Carnegie’s quick methods to help overcome stage fright and develop self confidence in few weeks of practice.1) Get the facts about fear of speaking in public:Reasearch and surveys done in colleges indicate that eighty to ninety percent of all students enrolled in speech classes suffer from stage fright at the beginning of the course— You are not unique in your fear of speaking in public. A certain amount of stage fright is useful. Many people when need to speak for the first time in stage get nervous. It is nature’s way for preparing us to meet unusual challenges in our environment. So, when you notice your pulse beating faster and your breathing, dont become alarmed, at this moment, a special kind of hormone ( adrelalin) releases by adrenal gland which activates our para-sympathetic nervous system. This action actually preparing or boosting us to face obstacles or emergencies. Your body, ever alert to external stimuli, is getting ready to go into action. If this phisiological preparations are held within limits, your mind will be capable to think and decide faster, talking more fluently and generally speaking with greater intensity than under normal conditions.Many professional speakers also mentioned that they never completely lose stage fright. Its always present just before they start speaking, and may persist for some sentences of their talk. This actually works as booster. “Be like race horse not a draft horse”, race horse also needs to be hit before it starts to run.2) Preparing yourself properly:i. Never Memorize a talk word for word–Preparing perfectly doesn’t mean to memorize in a parrot fashion. Speaking in public is a creative job. You need keypoints, or keywords of what you are going to present and elaborate these on the basis of your knowledge,experiences,environment which is always hidden in your subliminal memory. The man who writes his talks and memorize it is just wasting his time and energy, and counting disaster. Stress due to fear leads to nervousness generally make you lost your memory ( this is why our mind becomes vacant initially when we are giving exams and looking the question paper at a glance, and when we keep on solving, we gained some relaxation which leads to returning of memory and we solve the queries ). So, in public speaking also one needs to relax himself before speaking, remembering the keywords and describing it. All our lives we have been speaking spontaneously. We haven’t been thinking of words. We have been thinking of ideas. If your ideas or knowledge is clear in the particular matter we are gonna speak, the words come as naturally and unconscously as the air we breathe. If we memorize our talk word by word, we’ll probably forget it when we face our listeners, even if we dont our presentation will be robotic or mechanical, we can be seen as our body language express us that we are memorizing something before our listeners. Because, whatever we say at that time wont come from our heart, just come from our memories.
ii) Assemble and arrange your ideas beforehand— Now, before making any talks either easy or complicated, all you need to do is to search your background for significant experiences you have gained about life and esp. relating to the subject matter you are about to talk, then assemble your thoughts, ideas, your convitions, that have welled up from these experiences. Dr Charles Reynold Brown said ” Brood over your topic until it becomes mellow and expansive,then put all these ideas down in writing, just a few words, enough to fix the idea..put them down on scraps of paper– you’ll find it easier to arrange and organize these loose bits when you come to set your material in order.” So,recall your ideas with feelings and intensify your vigor and confidence.iii) Predetermine your mind for success— Relax and visualize your talking with eyes closed for some time beforehand. Visualize the crowd, the heads and affirm your mind that all them are your followers. Take some deep breaths, the hear the chattering or voices in crowd, see yourself standing in front of them and speaking effectively without hesitation. Step up and hear their applause and finally again visualize your successful speaking. This really works, this technique is just to make your mind ready to accept the condition about to come, and relaxation is very important not only in public speaking in everything we do.3) Lose yourself in your subject:After the subject has been selected, arranged it according to plan, and rehearsed it by ” talking it out” with your friends, your preparation is not ended here. You must keep practicing and one way to do that is before mirror. Before mirror, you will perceive your body language clearly and vividly, look into your eyes and talk whatever comes in your mind regarding the subject matter. Think in mind that, you are contributing something postitive to the society, after your talk or speech, the society will get something optimistic message.4) Keep you attention off negative stimuli which can upset you:For example, thiking of yourself making errors of grammer or suddenly coming to an end of your talk is certainly a negative projection which can hamper your self-confidence. Thats why positive visualisation and affirmation is important as i described above also. Its especially important to keep your attention off yourself just before your turn to speak. Concentrate on what other speakers are saying, point out important fact from them, note it and if possible merge it differently in your turn.5) Act Confident:Profound psychologist, Professor William James, wrote “Action seems to follow feelings, but really action andand by regulating the action, which is under the control of will, we can inderectly regulate the feeling, which is involuntary indeed.” This the sovereign voluntary path to cheerfulness, if our spontaneous cheerfulness be lost, is to sit up cheerfully and to ac and speak as if cheerfulness were already there. Therefore, to feel brave, act as if we were brave, use all our will to that end, and a courage-fit will very likely replace the fit of fear.These are just some ways to develop confidence in public speaking, but only by going through this techniques without applying it on day to day activities is like writing in water, which will fades no matter how genius you are. Apply the above mentioned proved methods whenever you get chance. Keep practicing and keep developing yourself!!!
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