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OnthecharacteristicsandroleoftheUnitedStatesConstitution姓名：王天翔班级：经贸4OnthecharacteristicsandroleoftheUnitedStatesConstitutionU.S.Constitutioniswrittenconstitution.TheUnitedStatesistheworld'soldestwrittenconstitutiondevelopedcountries.Thedevelopmentofacountry,andsometimessomecountrieswillinevitablyoccurthreatextraordinarythings.Inordertoensurethecountry,theinterestsofcitizens.Constitutionalrestraints,oritcanbesaidthatthepowersarethenoftenabletogetthemostdirectexpression.TheUnitedStatesConstitutiononSeptember17,1787inPhiladelphiameetingoftheAmericanconstitutionalmeetingonbehalfoftheapproval,andshortlythereafterbythethen13statesoftheUnitedStateshasaspecialmeetingforapproval.Accordingtotheconstitution,theUnitedStatesasasovereignstatebytherespectivefederalstateconsistingof,butalsohasacentralizedgovernmentintheoperationofthefederalservices.SincethenreplacedthecivicsystemexistsbasedConfederationlooserconfederationsystem.In1789,theU.S.Constitutioncameintoeffect.Infuture,theConstitutionhasbecomeinmanycountriestodevelopawrittenconstitutionprovidedasuccessfulmodel.InthepreambletotheU.S.Constitutiononlyonesentence,from52wordstoform.Whichtranslationis:WethepeopleofAmerica,fortheestablishmentofamoreperfectunion,establishjustice,insuredomestictranquility,provideacommondefense,promotethepublicwelfare,andtoourselvesandfuturegenerationstoenjoythefreedomofhappiness,speciallyestablishthisConstitutionfortheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thispreambledoesnotconferorlimitthepowersofanybody,justtoclarifythetheoreticalbasisforthedevelopmentoftheU.S.Constitutionandpurpose.Nevertheless,theverybeginningofthispreface,especiallythe&WethepeopleofAmerica&hasbecometheUnitedStatesConstitutionisthepartmostfrequentlycited.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesConstitutionthroughnumerouschanges,butthebasicprinciplesoftheConstitutionof1789andremainsanimportantroletoplay.Amongthem,theseparationofpowers,federalism,constitutionalsupremacy,thefourfundamentalprinciplesofequalityisalsoitsgreatestfeatu
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根据问他()题库系统分析，
试题“ Scientists in the United Stat...”，相似的试题还有：
The goal of earthquake prediction is to give early
enough warning. The U.S. Geological Survey conducts and supports research on
the likelihood of future earthquakes. Scientists estimate earthquake
probabilities in two ways: by studying the history of large earthquakes in a
special area and the rate at which strain(拉力)accumulates(积累)in the rock.Scientists study the past frequency of large
earthquakes in order to determine the future likelihood of similar large
shocks. For example scientists researched the large earthquakes in the San
Francisco Bay region during the 75 years between 1836 and 1911. For the next 68
years, no earthquakes of magnitude (震级) 6 or large
occurred in the region. Beginning with a magnitude 6 shock in 1979, the
earthquakes in the region in between 1979 and 1989, there
were four magnitude 6 or greater earthquakes, including a magnitude 7.1
earthquake. So scientists estimated that the probability of a magnitude 6.8 or
larger earthquake occurring during the next 30 years in the region is about 67
percent.Another way to predict earthquakes is to study how
fast strain accumulates. When plate movements build the strain in rocks to a
critical level, like pulling a rubber band too tight, the rocks will suddenly
break and slip to a new position. Scientists measure how much strain
accumulates along a fault (断层) each year, how much
time has passed since the last earthquake, and how much strain was released in
the last earthquake. This information is used to calculate the time required
for the accumulating strain to build to the level that results in an
earthquake. This simple mos is so complicated that such detailed information
about faults is rare. In the United States, only the San Andreas Fault System
has adequate records for using this prediction method.Scientific understanding of earthquakes is of vital
importance to the Nation. As the population increases, expanding urban
development and construction encroach (侵蚀) upon areas
susceptible(易受影响的) to earthquakes. With a greater
understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakes, we may be able to
reduce damage and loss of life from this destruction.1.What does the passage mainly talk about?A．What an
earthquake is like.B．How to
predict earthquakes.C．Where
earthquakes often happen.D．When a fault
is formed.2.That scientists study the history of large
earthquakes in certain areas is to ultimately_________.A．do research
on the past frequency of large earthquakesB．estimate the
magnitude of similar earthquakesC．forecast the
possibilities of similar earthquakesD．judge the
specific location of future earthquakes3.Which is TRUE according to the passage?A．There were
four magnitude 6 earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region between1979
and1989.B．The
accumulating strain of the fault to a certain level results in the earthquake.C．About 68
years after 1911, no earthquakes occurred in the San Francisco Bay region.D．The fast
increasing population on the earth is the main cause of the earthquake.4.What is the critical factor of forming a fault?A．The material
of rocks.B．The existing
time span of the rocks.C．The plate
movements around the rocks.D．The amount of
strain released in the last earthquake.5.According to the passage, we can know that the San
Andreas Fault System____.A．has a greater
understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakesB．stores much
more information about the history of large earthquakesC．offers the
potential for doing research on the faults where strain accumulatesD．illustrates
specifically how rocks along a fault are formed
The goal of earthquake prediction is to give early enough warning. The U.S. Geological Survey conducts and supports research on the likelihood of future earthquakes. Scientists estimate earthquake probabilities in two ways: by studying the history of large earthquakes in a special area and the rate at which strain(拉力)accumulates(积累)in the rock. Scientists study the past frequency of large earthquakes in order to determine the future likelihood of similar large shocks. For example scientists researched the large earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region during the 75 years between 1836 and 1911. For the next 68 years, no earthquakes of magnitude (震级) 6 or large occurred in the region. Beginning with a magnitude 6 shock in 1979, the earthquakes in the region in between 1979 and 1989, there were four magnitude 6 or greater earthquakes, including a magnitude 7.1 earthquake. So scientists estimated that the probability of a magnitude 6.8 or larger earthquake occurring during the next 30 years in the region is about 67 percent. Another way to predict earthquakes is to study how fast strain accumulates. When plate movements build the strain in rocks to a critical level, like pulling a rubber band too tight, the rocks will suddenly break and slip to a new position. Scientists measure how much strain accumulates along a fault (断层) each year, how much time has passed since the last earthquake, and how much strain was released in the last earthquake. This information is used to calculate the time required for the accumulating strain to build to the level that results in an earthquake. This simple model is so complicated that such detailed information about faults is rare. In the United States, only the San Andreas Fault System has adequate records for using this prediction method. Scientific understanding of earthquakes is of vital importance to the Nation. As the population increases, expanding urban development and construction encroach (侵蚀) upon areas susceptible(易受影响的) to earthquakes. With a greater understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakes, we may be able to reduce damage and loss of life from this destruction.【小题1】What does the passage mainly talk about?A．What an earthquake is like. B．How to predict earthquakes.C．Where earthquakes often happen. D．When a fault is formed.【小题2】That scientists study the history of large earthquakes in certain areas is to ultimately_________.A．do research on the past frequency of large earthquakesB．estimate the magnitude of similar earthquakesC．forecast the possibilities of similar earthquakesD．judge the specific location of future earthquakes【小题3】Which is TRUE according to the passage?A．There were four magnitude 6 earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region between1979 and1989.B．The accumulating strain of the fault to a certain level results in the earthquake.C．About 68 years after 1911, no earthquakes occurred in the San Francisco Bay region.D．The fast increasing population on the earth is the main cause of the earthquake.【小题4】What is the critical factor of forming a fault?A．The material of rocks.B．The existing time span of the rocks. C．The plate movements around the rocks.D．The amount of strain released in the last earthquake.【小题5】According to the passage, we can know that the San Andreas Fault System____.A．has a greater understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakesB．stores much more information about the history of large earthquakesC．offers the potential for doing research on the faults where strain accumulatesD．illustrates specifically how rocks along a fault are formed
On June 5, 1981 the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, U.S. announced the presence of a rare, infectious disease in five American homosexuals(同性恋). Soon doctors were finding similar cases all over the country and the world. The AIDS epidemic(流行病)had officially begun. By 1983 it was clear that AIDS had spread around the world. More than twenty years later, AIDS has left twenty-six million dead and another forty million infected.& AIDS has become the worst medical disaster ever experienced by mankind.Hundreds of young people between the ages of 20 and 45 died each week during the early years of the U.S. AIDS. More than 600,000 cases of AIDS have been reported since 1981 in the United States, and it is estimated that there may be as many as 900,000 Americans infected with HIV.Though the rate of HIV infections continues to increase in the United States, the number of AIDS cases has fallen sharply since 1996, when antiretroviral drugs came onto the market. Unfortunately, the AIDS epidemic continues today in Africa and much of Asia, where antiretroviral treatment is not available and health care is far from enough. AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, and the No. 1 cause of death due to infectious disease.HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was first separated in 1983 by a team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. That discovery made it possible to develop a test for AIDS and trace back to victims who may have died before doctors were aware of the disease.However, scientists still don't know exactly how and where AIDS started. Finding the source of AIDS could be important in developing a vaccine(疫苗) and be important in mapping the future course of the epidemic.【小题1】It can be inferred from the passage that&&&&&&& A．antiretroviral drugs will be obtained easily all over the world B．the best way to stop AIDS is to develop a vaccine B．scientists will soon find a way to cure AIDS D．there will be fewer AIDS cases in the world in the future【小题2】Which areas are the most worrying places where AIDS spreads quickly?&A．Africa.B．Asia.C．The United States.D．France.【小题3】The number of AIDS cases has greatly decreased in the United States due to the fact A．a team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris succeeded in separating HIV B．some effective medicine has been invented B．scientists understand AIDS better and better. D．The rate of HIV infections continue to rise in the United States【小题4】What's the importance of the discovery of the source of AIDS? A．It can be used to develop a test for AIDS. B．It can stop HIV forming AIDS. B．It can reduce the rate of death caused by AIDS. D．It can help develop a drug to prevent AIDS.(E) Americans do not have a corner on the death market, but many people feel that the United Stat——精英家教网——
成绩波动大？难提高？听顶级名师视频辅导，
(E) Americans do not have a corner on the death market, but many people feel that the United States lends the world with the worst laws. Taxes are made up of the money which people pay to support their government. There are generally three levels of government in the United States: federal, state, therefore, there are three types of taxes. Salaried people who earn more than four to five thousand dollars per year must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government. The percentage is different from person to person. It depends on his or her salary. The federal government has a two- that is, 15 or 28 percent, $17850 is the cutoff. The tax rate is 15 percent below $ 17850 and 28 percent above. The second tax is for the state government: New York, California, North Dakota, or any of the other forty-seven states. Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government. Of course, the percentage for the state tax is lower. Other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state. For example, a person might want to buy a package of gum for twenty-five cents. If there is a sales tax of eight percent in that state, then the cost of the gum is twenty-seven cents. The third tax is for the city. This tax comes in two forms: property tax (residents who own a home have to pay taxes on it) and excise tax, which is connected with vehicles in a city. The cities use these funds for education, police and fire departments, public works (including street repairs, water and sanitation and municipal buildings. Since Americans pay such high taxes, they often feel that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes. 72. The income tax for $ 20000 paid to the federal government is . A. $3000 B.$5600 C. $ 1600 D. $ 1000 73. Tax for the state government includes . A. property tax B. excise tax C. salary tax D. sales tax 74. Which of the following statement s true? A. America leads the world with a very good tax system. B. Peope in some states have to pay income tax to state government as much as to federal government. C. $ 17850 is the cutoff for two levels of income tax. D. Property tax is given on vehicles in a city. 75. What do Americans feel about their tax? A. It is reasonable. B. It is acceptable. C. It takes away 1/5 of their total work. D. It is not high. 第二卷 【】
题目列表(包括答案和解析)
HOUSTON (Reuters) — Houston tops a U.S. magazine’s annual fattest cities list for the fourth time in five years, with four other Texas cities in the top 25. Fast food restaurants — Houston has twice the national average number — are partly to blame for the dishonor, Men’s Fitness editor-in-chief Neal Boulton said. “Americans work long hours, don’t take vacations, and when they’re faced with the worst food choices, they indulge (沉溺于) in those,” he said. High humidity, poor air quality and some of the nation’s longest commute (每天去上班的路程) times also helped Texas’ most populous city unseat Detroit, the 2003 heavy weight champion, the magazine said. Houston Mayor Bill White, who has worked with a major food company to develop healthy food products and the city’s public schools to improve lunch menus, called the report “mostly ungrounded and nonsense.” “On the other hand, it calls attention to real issues the mayor is trying to deal with,” his spokesman, Frank Michel, said. The magazine said it looked at factors such as the number and types of restaurants, park space, air quality, weather and the number of health clubs. Philadelphia, Detroit, Memphis, Tennessee, and Chicago followed Houston on the seventh edition of the fat list. Texas cities Dallas, San Antonio, Fort Worth and El Paso were in the top 14, which Boulton said was no surprise. “It’s pure big indulgence, just living big, and that’s part of the culture,” said Boulton. Seattle ranked as the fittest city. Austin and Arlington, a Dallas-Fort Worth suburb, were the only Texas cities on the fit list. Austin was 19th and Arlington 22nd out of 25.【小题1】What decides the magazine’s annual fattest list?A．The size of fat population.B．The number of fast food restaurants.C．The economic growth rate of the state.D．Things related to unhealthy ways of life.【小题2】Which city topped 2003 fattest cities list? &A．Houston.B．Dallas.C．Detroit.D．Philadelphia.【小题3】By saying “living big” (in Paragraph 9), Boulton means people _________.A．are growing fatterB．are living wastefully C．eat too many fatty foodsD．are spending too much time working【小题4】Which of the following is best supported by the text?A．Texas has the most fat cities in the U.S.B．Bill White is happy with the newspaper report.C．People in Texas are the most hardworking in the U.S.D．Most school children in Houston have weight problems.
As far back in history as we can tell , people have celebrated the start of a New Year. The people of ancient Egypt began their New Year in summer. That is when the Nile River flooded its banks bringing water and fertility（肥沃）to the land. The people of ancient Babylon and Persia began their New Year on March 21, the first day of spring . And some native American Indians began their New Year when the nuts of the oak trees became ripe. That was usually in late summer.
Noise-making is another ancient custom on the New Year. The noise is considered necessary to drive away the evil spirits of the old year. People around the world do different things to make a lot of noise. They may hit sticks together, beat on drums, blow horns, or explode fire-works.
Americans celebrate the New Year in many ways. Most do not have to go to work or school. So they visit family and friends, attend church services, share a holiday meal, or watch New Year’s parades（游行） on television. Most years university teams play in special holiday games. For those who have been busy at work or school, New Year may be a day of rest. They spend the time thinking about and preparing for the demands of the New Year.
1. Which of the following statements is right? A. The people of ancient Egypt began their New Year in spring.
B. The people of ancient Babylon began their New Year on March 21, the first day of spring.
C. Some native American Indians began their New Year in early summer.
D. The people of ancient Persia began their New Year in late summer.
2. Why do people make a lot of noise on the New Year according to the passage? A. The noise is considered necessary to frighten the evil spirits of the old year.
B. The noise is considered necessary to show people’s excitement.
C. They spend the time thinking about and preparing for the demands of the New Year.
D. People have no other better ways to show their happiness.
3. Americans celebrate the New Year by doing things as follows except___________ .
A. resting at home B. visiting family and friends C. attending church services D. having sports and games &
DC Hilton was one of the first American to find out that there was money to be made in the middle of the night. 42 years ago be bought a small __1___on US highway 69, in Oklahoma. His___2___customers were truck drivers and___3___salesmen who drank coffee and ate cheese-burgers when they stopped to___4___their journey.
It was they who first tried to____5____Hilton to remain open all night. He thought about it for a while, and then suddenly made up his___6____. He took the door key and threw it across the road. He hasn't closed the door____7___.
Over the years his simple cafe expanded into a 24-hour roadside ____8___,with a 100-seat restaurant, a petrol station, a mini shopping market, a car ___9___for mobile homes and all-night selfhelp laundry（洗衣店）.
Hilton was a ___10__in a 24-hour working trend which has now ___11___ around the world. Today not only restaurants but also hanks, supermarkets, mail-order ___12___and many other businesses are___13___to be open all night. But is this really a good thing?
A lot of ____14____has been done in America on the effect of 24-hour working and there is growing ___15____about the long term dangers of society that doesn't sleep.
Americans are said to be___16___20％ less than they did 100 years ago, and 55％ claim to __17___at least occasionally from overtiredness. ___18____of the worst man-made accidents happened in the last few hours before ___19___, when even the most experienced night-worker has difficult____20____awake.
(1)Amarket
Bbusiness
Cstation
Drestaurant
(2)Amain
Bcommon
Cstrange
Donly
(3)Ashopping
Bclothing
Ctraveling
Dcooking
(4)Astart
Bbreak
Cenjoy
Dcontinue
(5)Apersuade
Bsuggest
Corder
Dwarn
(6)Aplan
Bthought
Cmind
Ddecision
(7)Athen
Bsince
Clater
(8)Acafe
Bbuilding
Cworkshop
Dhotel
(9)Agarage
Bpark
Crepair
Drest
(10)Apioneer
Bdealer
Cmaster
Dmanager
(11)Acaught
Bcaught
Ccaught
Dcaught
(12)Ashops
Bfirms
Cmarkets
Ddepartments
(13)Aordered
Bforced
Cperforming
Dbeginning
(14)Aresearch
Beffort
Cwork
Dinformation
(15)Ainterest
Bsense
Cconcern
Dprogress
(16)Aworking
Bplaying
Csleeping
Drelaxing
(17)Arecover
Bsuffer
Creturn
Dprevent
(18)ASome
CNone
(19)Adust
Bmidnight
Cdarkness
Ddawn
(20)Astaying
Bbecoming
Ccontinuing
Dinsisting
Americans like to travel on their yearly holiday. Today, more and more travelers in the United States are spending nights at small houses or inns instead of hotels. They get a room for the night and the breakfast the next morning.
Rooms for the night in private homes with breakfast have been popular with travelers in Europe for many years. In the past five to ten years, these bed-and-break-fast places have become popular in the United States. Many of these American's bed-and-breakfast inns are old historic buildings. Some bed-and-breakfast inns have only a few rooms, others are much larger. Some inns do not provide telephones or television in the rooms, others do.
Staying in a bed-and-breakfast inn is much different from staying at a hotel. Usually the cost is much less. Staying at an inn is almost like visiting someone's home. The owners are glad to tell about the area and the interesting places to visit, Many vacationers say they enjoy the chance to meet local families.
1．Americans take a holiday trip ________.
A．all the year roundB．for years
C．every yearD．every other year
2．Which is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A．Some Americans now stay in a bed-and-breakfast home instead of in a hotel.
B．The bed-and-breakfast inns are private homes opened to vacation visitors.
C．the bed-and-breakfast inns have been popular in America for a long time.
D．The owners provide a morning meal for their visitors as well as a room for the night.
3．Many of these inns ________.
A．have a long history
B．have existed in the past
C．are historical
D．are buildings important in history
4．One reason why American travelers are beginning to stay at bed-and-breakfast inn is that ________.
A．these inns are small and quiet
B．the travelers don't have to pay for the telephone or television
C．the travelers can meet and talk with the local people
D．the owners will show the travelers around the area
Americans are always in a hurry, they seem to be under permanent pressure to think that there is something more to do the next moment. This fast pace is reflected in the popularity of fast-food restaurants, one-stop stations and micro-ovens. They hate to waste their time and would frown if their time is wasted by interruptions or by poor service. They appreciate the practice of doing things as quickly as possible, as in their eyes,“patience is the virtue of asses.”
In contract, people in Indonesia believe in“rubber time”, to the extent that time can stretch or shrink. In Africa, people who do something in a rush are actuall they'd be suspected of trying to cheat! In their culture, a slow unusual, worth doubt.
Here is a contract between the slow pace people (SPP) and the fast pace people(FPP);
◇SPP－Consider an appointment as a target to achieve, if possible.
FPP－take a promise seriously and try to keep it by all means.
◇SPP－are dedicated to people and human relationship.
FPP－are devoted to work rather than to human relationship.
SPP－change plans easily.
FPP－follow and stick to the plans.
◇SPP－decide to be punctual or not based on human relationship.
FPP－stress punctuality.
◇SPP－show strong tendency to build lifetime friendship.
FPP-are used to short-term relationship.
(1)Which of the following statements indicates that Americans are leading a fast-pace life?
A．Americans have modern kitchen equipment.
B．Fast-food restaurants are popular with Americans.
C．Almost every American family owns a car.
D．There are a lot of railway stations in the United States.
(2)The underlined phrase“one-stop stations”probably means ________.
A．A bus stop is not far from one another
B．There are a number of police stations in the United States
C．There are a lot of gas stations here and there, and it is one-stop distance between them.
D．It is a long way from a gas station to the next one
(3)In which country people who do something in a rush are suspected of trying to cheat?
A．Venezuela B．Italy
C．Vietnam D．Zambia
(4)If a person cares more for human relationship than his job, he must belong to ________.
A．the fast pace people
B．the slow pace people
C．the lazy people
D．the clever people
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