名词性从句练习与名词性分句有区别吗?

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名词性从句
一、语法知识
(一), 主语从句
 1, 由what等代词引导的从句,表示”所…的(东西)”,实际上等于一个现行词加上一个定语从句.也可以由-ever等代词引导.
  What they are talking about is nothing valuable.
  What I really want is to have a good rest.
  Whatever she did is wrong.
  Whoever passes the exam can get 50 yuan.
  Whoever used to have another name raise your hand.
 2, 由that引导的从句,通常用形式主语来代替.
  That he has disappeared worries his parents.
  It worries his parents that he has disappeared.
  It is not likely that he can win the lottery.
  It is a big surprise that he is still alive.
 3, 由连接代词或连接副词或whether引导的从句.
  When she will be back is still a question.
  Where they had put the files troubled the spy.
  Whether he will take part in the play is clear.
  Whether or not she will go to Japan is up to her.
(二), 宾语从句
 1, 由连接代词或副词引起的从句.
  Please show me how to make him happy.
  I don’t know who did all the cleaning.
  Have you decided whom you will take to Australia?
  She still wondered when she would leave school.
  I am wondering whether/if the dress is too short.
  He advised me which books I should read.
  还可以做介词的宾语.
  The singer still worries about where to live.
  The price depends on how many you will buy.
 2, 由关系代词型what等代词引起的从句.
  I will tell you what I know.
  We’ll give whatever help you need.
  I plan to read whichever book you recommend.
  His father was not satisfied with what he had.
  She walked up to where I stood.
 3, 由that引起的从句,在believe, think, suppose后常不加that.
 在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,也只将前面的词否定.
  I don’t think you can beat me.
  He doesn’t expect we need worry.
  有时在宾语和谓语之间可以插入一个间接宾语或状语.
  She reminded me that I had a meeting to attend.
  They explained to us that they didn’t mean to make us angry.
  有时在这种带有复合宾语的句子中, that引起的从句常常移到后面, 前面用一个it作为形式宾语.
  I thought it very impossible that she would come.
  They took it for granted that the singer was coming.
(三), 表语从句是接在系动词后面的宾语从句.
(四), 同位语从句, 在idea, fact rumor, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt等等词后面, 常常用that或连接代词或副词引导从句.
  I had no idea that they were in that plane.
  He left me a message that he would buy me a ticket
   to the rock concert.
   The news that we will have a one-month vacation is not true.
二、练习与检测
1. _____ we need more practice is quite clear.
 A. When B. What
 C. That D. /
2. _____ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.
 A. If B. Whether
 C. Even if D. No matter when
3. _____ knows the truth about it will tell you.
 A. Who that B. That
 C. Whoever D. That who
4. _____ he is doing seems quite difficult.
 A. How B. That
 C. Which D. What
5. _____ certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.
 A. That’s B. This is
 C. It’s D. What’s
6. _____ that there is another good harvest this year.
 A. It says B. It is said
 C. It was said D. He was said
7. _____ that she has received a doctor’s degree.
 A. It’s a splendid news B. This is a splendid news
 C. It’s splendid news D. This is splendid news
8. It is strange _____.
 A. that no one should like this book
 B. that no one liked this book
 C. that why no one likes this book
 D. why no one likes this book
9. It is suggested that the experiment _____ under low temperature.
 A. makes B. is make
 C. should be made D. will be made
10. _____ still needs to be discussed.
 A. How is the plan to be carried out
 B. How the plan is to be carried out
 C. Why is the plan carried out
 D. Why the plan carried out
11. _____ is unknown to us all.
 A. Where did she put it B. Where she put it
 C. That where she put it D. In which she put it
12. _____ nothing to do with us.
 A. What he did is B. What he has done is
 C. What did he do has D. What he has done has
13. That’s _____ the Party called on us to do.
 A. what B. that
 C. how D. why
14. She looked _____ she were ten years younger.
 A. that B. like
 C. as D. as though
15. The reason I have to go is _____ if I don’t.
 A. that she will be disappointed
 B. because she will be disappointed
 C. on account of her being disappointed
 D. that she will be disappointing
16. It was _____ he worked hard that he succeeded.
 A. because B. since
 C. as D. for
17. It seemed that the girl _____.
 A. had lost important something B. had lost something important
 C. lost important things D. lost something important
18. The fact _____ he is an advanced worker is well known.
 A. what B. which
 C. that D. why
19. The fact _____ in the past few years proves that our Party’s policy is correct.
 A. that great achievement was made
 B. which great achievements were made
 C. what have been made
 D. that great achievements have been made
20. I have no idea _____.
 A. what does the word “infinity” mean
 B. what the word “infinity” means
 C. what the meaning of the word “infinity”
 D. what the word “infinity” mean
21. His suggestion _____ to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.
 A. that we go B. which we should go
 C. that we would go D. when we should go
22. I’ll certainly tell the Emperor _____ pleased I am with it.
 A. how B. what
 C. who D. whom
23. I wonder _____ he asked such a silly question in public.
 A. how B. what
 C. that D. why
24. _____ do you think will teach us maths next term?
 A. Whom B. Who
 C. What D. That
25. I will give this dictionary to _____ wants to have it.
 A. whomever B. whoever
 C. whom D. whatever
26. Do _____ you think is right _____ difficulties you may
 A. what/however B. that/what
 C. whatever/whoever D. what/whatever
27. Are you sure _____?
  A. whether she is honest B. that she is honesty
  C. she is honest D. is she honest
28. He was interested in _____ he had seen at the exhibition.
  A. which B. that
  C. all what D. all that
29. He often thinks of _____ he can do more for the four modernizations.
  A. what B. how
  C. that D. which
30. Take _____ much you want and _____ you want to.
  A. however/when B. whenever/how
  C. however/whoever D. however/whenever
三、练习与检测答案
1—5 CBCDC 6—10 BCACB 11—15 BDADA 16—20 ABCDB
21—25 AADBB 26—30 DCDBD
北 京 四 中
英语语法知识难点(一)
年级:高 三   科目:英 语  编稿:李俊和  审稿:李俊和  责 编: 张晓俊
(一) 形容词和副词
  I. 要点
  A. 形容词
  1、 形容词的用法
  形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。如:
  He is honest and hardworking.
  I found the book interesting.
  某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如:
  The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.
  The English like to be with their families.
  多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序:
  冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如:
  the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
  2、 形容词比较等级的形式
  (1) 规则形式
  一般说来,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加- --est 来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如:
  great-greater-greatest
  busy-busier-busiest
  important-more important-(the)most important
  (2) 不规则形式
  good (well)-better-best
  bad (ill)-worse-worst
  many (much)-more-most
  little-less-least
  (3) 形容词比较等级的用法
  ①表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级+than. 如:
  He is cleverer than the other boys.
  This one is more beautiful than that one.
  ②表示两者以上的比较,用&the +形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in) …&如:
  He is the cleverest boy in his class.
  ③表示两者是同等程度,用&as +形容词原级+as&. 如:
  He is as tall as I.
  I have as many books as you.
  ④ 越… 越…
  例如:The more I learn, the happier I am.
  ⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好
  又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly.
  你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。
  ⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.
  那一天是最令我担心的一天。
  I have never had a better dinner.
  这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。
  ⑦ My English is no better than yours.
  我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。
  B.副词
  1、 副词的种类
  (1) 时间副词 如:ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等
  (2) 地点副词 如:here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down,
back, away, outside等。
  (3) 方式副词 如:carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly,
quickly, politely, nervously等。
  (4) 程度副词 如:almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little,
hardly, so, very等。
  2、 副词比较等级的用法
  其用法与形容词相似,只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如:
  Of all the boys the sings (the) most beautifully.
  We must work harder.
  3、 某些副词在用法上的区别
  (1) already, yet, still
  already表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。如:
  We've already watched that film.
  I haven't finished my homework yet.
  He still works until late every night.
  (2) too, as well, also, either
  too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句,too和as well多用于口语,一般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。either
  用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末。如:
  He went there too.
  He didn't go there either.
  I like you as well.
  I also went there.
  (3) hard, hardly
  hardly意为&几乎?与hard在词义上完全不同。如:
  I work hard every day.
  I can hardly remember that.
  (4) late, lately
  lately意为&最近、近来&,late意为&晚、迟&。如:
  He never comes late.
  Have you been to the museum lately?
  II. 例题
  例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____
  A high enough  B tall enough
  C enough high  C enough tall
  解析:该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。
  例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.
  A When I take more medicine
  B The more medicine I take
  C Taking more of the medicine
  D More medicine taken
  解析:该题正确答案为B。&the+形容词比较级+… , the +形容词比较级+…&意为越…,越…。该句意为:吃的药越多,我的病越是加重。
  例3&I haven't been to London yet&.
  &I haven't been there ____&.
  A too  B also  C either  D neither
  解析:该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定&两者都不&,而C-either则用于否定句中,意为&也&。
  例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.
  A deep  B deeply  C very deep  D quite deeply
  解析:该题正确答案为B。A. deep用于副词时,修饰具体的深,如dig deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词,如该题为deeply
moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-  quite和deeply均为副词,不能互相修饰。
(二) 介词
  I. 要点
  1、介词和种类
  (1) 简单介词,常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
  (2) 复合介词,如by means of, along with, because of, in front
of, instead of等。
  2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系
  (1) 和动词的搭配,如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
  (2) 和形容词的搭配,如afraid of, angry with, different from, good
  (3) 和名词的搭配,如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of,
visit to等.
  3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语,这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well,
directly, completely等少数几个副词。如:
  He came right after dinner.
  He lives directly opposite the school.
  4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例
  (1) at, on, in(表时间)
  表示时间点用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at
Christmas等。
  指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning,
on the afternoon of September lst等。
  指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
  (2) between, among(表位置)
  between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用between, 如
  I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
  The village lies between three hills.
  among用于三者或三者以上之间。如:
  He is the best among the students.
  (3) beside, besides
  beside意为&在…旁边&,而besides意为&除…之外&。如:
  He sat beside me.
  What do you want besides this?
  (4)in the tree, on the tree
  in the tree 指动物或人在树上,而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上
  (5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
  on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道
  by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法
  (6)in the corner, at the corner
  in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外
  (7)in the morning, on the morning
  in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
  (8)by bus, on the bus
  by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车
  II. 例题
  例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?
  A except B but C beside D besides
  解析:A、B两项except等于but,意为&除了…&,C-beside意为&在…旁边&,不符合题意。而D-besides,
  意为&除了…之外,还有&。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为:除了英语外,你还知道别的语言吗?
  例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
  A on B at C in D during
  解析:我们均知道,at night这一短语,但如果night前有修饰词,表具体的夜晚,则要用介词on来修饰,故该题正确答案为A。
  例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.
  A to B in C at D on
  解析:该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配,意为&期望、盼望&。
(三) 连词
  I. 要点
  1、 连词的种类
  (1) 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句,如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
  (2) 从属连词用来引导从句,如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon
  除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外,还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句),关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。
  2、 常用连词举例
  (1)and 和,并且
  They drank and sang all night.
  (2) both…and 和, 既…也…
  Both my parents and I went there.
  (3) but 但是,而
  I'm sad, but he is happy.
  (4) either…or 或…或…, 要么…要么…
  Either you're wrong, or I am.
  (5) for因为
  I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.
  (6) however 然而,可是
  Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.
  (7) neither…nor 既不…也不
  Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.
  (8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
  He not only sings well, but also dances well.
  (9) or 或者,否则
  Hurry up, or you'll be late.
  Are you a worker or a doctor?
  (10) so 因此,所以
  It's getting late, so I must go.
  (11) although 虽然
  Although it was late, they went on working.
  (12) as soon as 一 …就
  I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
  (13) because 因为
  He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
  (14)unless 除非,如果不
  I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
  (15)until 直到…
  He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not… until 结构)
  He stayed there until eleven.
  (16)while 当…时候,而 (表示对比)
  While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词)
  My pen is red while his is blue.
  (17)for 因为
  He was ill, for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的)
  (18)since自从…
  I have lived here since my uncle left.
  (19)hardly… when 一… 就
  I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
  (20)as far as 就… 来说
  As far as I know, that country is very small.
  You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)
  II. 例题
  例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
  A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
  解析:该题意为:John踢足球如果不比David好的话,那也踢得和David一样好。 和…一样好为as well as. 故该题正确答案为B。
  例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____,
in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
  A when B where C which D while
  解析:该处意为&然而&,只有while有此意思,故选D。
  例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down
to business right away?
  A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
  解析:该处意为&或者&,正确答案为C。
The First English
  The first English window was just a slit in the wall.It
was cut long,so that it would let in as much light as possible,and narrow,to
keep out the bad weather.However,the slit let in more wind than light.This is
why it was called&the wind's eye&.The word window itself comes from
two Old Norse words for wind and eye.
  Before windows were used,the ancient halls and castles
of northern Europe and Britain were dark and smoky.Their great rooms were high,with
only a hole in the roof to let out the smoke from torches and cooking fires.
  As time went on,people wanted more light and air in their
homes.They made the wind's eyes wider so as to admit air and light.They stretched
canvas or tapestry across them to keep out the weather.
英国的第一扇窗子
  英国的第一扇窗子不过是墙上的一个狭长口子。口子开得很长,为的是让尽可能多的光照进屋内;口子又开得很窄,从而使屋内不受坏天气的影响。然而,从洞口刮进来的风却比照进来的光多。这就是它被称为&风眼&的缘故。&window&一字本身也是由古挪威语中?风&和&眼&二字构成的。
  在窗子问世以前,古代北欧和英国的大厅及城堡里漆黑一片而又烟雾弥漫。屋子虽然又大又高,可是只在屋顶上开了一个洞口,让火把和炊火的烟从那儿通到外面去。
  随着时间的推移,人们想使家中获得更多的光和空气。他们把这些&风眼&加宽,让空气和光进屋;他们又把帆布和毯子张开挂到窗子上,用以阻止寒气入内。
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你可能喜欢三大从句-名词性从句
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名词性从句学习助记歌诀。
学习名从需注意:时态语序连接词。
时态主从要呼应,宾语从句尤明显
语序全都一个样,陈述语序要牢记
连接词语是关键,依据意思容易辨。What和that无意义,充当成分选what.
不缺成分用that.
学习名词性从句,首先要弄清以下几个概念或术语:
1、什么是名词性从句?
在复合句中,其作用相当于名词的从句就叫做名词性从句。
英语中的名词性从句共有四种:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。这四种从句统称为名词性从句。
这四种从句的定义很简单,从字面意思上理解就可以了。
在复合句中作主句的主语的从句就是主语从句
在复合句中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句。
在复合句中作主句的表语的从句就是表语从句
在复合句中作主句起同位语作用的从句就是同位语从句。
2、连词、连接代词和连接副词是什么意思?
所有从句都需要一个词来引导。用来引导名词性从句的词有连词、连接代词和连接副词它们是名词性从句的标志词,都称为名词性从句的引导词。
第一部分 课堂语法 轻松体验。
第一招:学会连词和连接代、副词的基本用法以及它们的用法比较:
1、that和whether选择诀窍:含“是否“之意选whether,无实在意思选that.
2、that和what选择诀窍:缺少成分选what,不缺成分选that.
3、if和whether选择诀窍:没有把握时首选whether为明智之举。
4、连接代词who、what、which选择诀窍:根据它们本身的词义。若无实在意思但在从句中作成分选what.
5、连接副词:when、where、how、why选择诀窍:根据它们本身的词义。
第二招:学会解决名词性从句应该注意的特殊问题。
1、引导词的缺省与保留
2、主谓语一致
4、时态呼应
6、同位语从句与定语从句区别。
7、经典句型
第一讲 主语从句
主语从句(the subject Clause)在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有连词that、连接代词who、what、which等;连接副词when、where、how、why.
一、第一招之一:学会引导主语从句的连词\连接代词和连接副词的基本用法。
(一)连词that、whether的用法特点。
That引导的主语从句放在句首,that在主语从句中没有任何实在意思,不作任何句子成分,只起连接从句或引导从句的作用,但是不能省略。这是选择that引导主语从句的重要一句。
Whether在从句中的意思是“是否”,不作任何句子成分,起连接从句或引导从句的作用,不能省略。
连词that\whether引导主语从句
精彩讲解:
1、that we need more equipment& is quite clear.
主语从句中不缺主语或宾语,结构完整、句意清楚,只需一个引导词,因此用that引导该从句。
我们需要更多设备是很清楚的。
2、that those old languages may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.主语从句不缺主语或宾语(谓语动词disappear是不及物动词),结构完整、句意清楚,只需一个引导词。因此用that引导该从句。
那些古老的语言可能会消失,这对不列颠的人民来说是一个严重的问题。
3、whether we will visit the Great Wall tomorrow has not been decided.
主语从句中虽然不缺主语或宾语,但根据句子后半部分的意思“没有确定”,推断从句的意思应该是“明天是否参观长城”,因此用whether.引导该从句。
明天我们是否参观长城还没有确定。
4、whether she has agreed to the plan won’t maketoo much difference.主语从句中虽然不缺主语或宾语,但根据句子后半部分的意思“不会有太大的不同”推断从句的意思应该是“她是否已经同意这个计划”。因此用whether.引导该从句。
她是否已同意这个计划不会有太大的不同。
1、that引导主语从句时,多数情况下都放在句子的后部,前面用it作形式主语。这样做是为了使句子保持平衡,避免头重脚轻。That一般不能省略,但在口语中偶尔可以省略。
It’a pity you missed such a good chance.你错过了这么好的机会,真遗憾。
It is good you are always thingking of me.你总是想着我真不错的。
Whether引导的主语从句也可采用it作形式主语的做法。
(1)It is quite clear that we need more equipment.
(2)it is a serious matter to the people in Britain that those old languages may disappear.
(3)it has not been decided whether we will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.
(4)it won’t make too much difference whether she has agreed to the plan .
2、用it作形式主语的经典句型有:
(1)it is +n/adj+that….
其中的名词如a shame,a fact,an honor,a pity,a wonder,a good thing,no wonder,good news.等。;形容词如Strange,important,natural,true,surprising,fortunate,good,wonderful,necessary,possible,likely,quite clear,usual等。
注意:在“it is stange/important/natural/necessary that….”中,从句谓语常用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。
(2)it’s +过去分词+that…
其中的过去分词如said,well known,reported,hoped,thought,believed,announced,decided,expected..等。注意:在”it is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required that…”.中,从句谓语常用‘should+动词原形“,should 可省略。
(3)it seems/happened/turned out/suddenly sruck sb/occurred to sb that….
当堂小结:that和whether选择的诀窍是“如果主语从句中不缺主语或宾语,结构完整、句意清楚,含有“是否”之意时,选W没有实在意义时,选that.
(二)连接代词who\what\which等在主语从句中有实在意思who(谁)、what(什么、什么样的)、which(哪一个、哪一些);在从句中都作句子成分:主语、宾语、表语或定语等,并且都不能省略。用哪个连接代词引导从句,要根据它们本身的意思确定。
What有时没有具体的实在意思,只表示“…..所…..的”(东西)等。但在主语从句中肯定作某种句子成分。
Who\what\which等在主语从句的用法:指点迷津:
(1)who won the game is now known.
Who在从句中坐在主语,意思是“谁”。
谁赢得了比赛现在知道了。
(2)whoever breaks the law will be punished.
Whoever 在从句中作主语,意思是“无论谁”。
谁犯法谁受处罚。
(3)what we can’t get seems better that what we already have.
What和what在从句中分别作get和have的宾语,都没有具体的实在意思,可表示“….所….的(东西)。
我们得不到的似乎比我们已经拥有的好。
(4)what Is hard is to do good deeds all one’s life and never do anyting bad.
What在从句中作主语,没有具体的实在意思。
难的是一辈子做好事而不做坏事。
(5)whatever is minge is at your service.
Whatever 在从句中作主语,意思是“无论什么、所…的一切“。
我所有的一切都可以供你用。
(6)what time is convenient to you is convenient to me.
What在从句中作定语,意思是“什么“。
什么时间你方便我就方便。
(7)which is best is to be decided.
Which 在从句中作主语,意思是“哪一个“。
哪一个最好有待确定。
指点迷津:
1、引导主语从句的连接代词并不是只有who\what\which.像whoever\whatever\whichever.也常用,只需要根据连接代词在主语从句中所表达的意思依据连接代词本身的词义就可以确定。
2、连接代词引导的主语从句也可以用it作形式主语而将主语从句后置。例如:
Does it matter who will be sent to help them with the work?
派谁去帮助他们做这件工作有关系吗?
小结:连接代词who\what\which等选择诀窍:根据它们本身的词义。如果没有具体的实在意思但是在从句中作句子成分往往选what.
(一)连接副词when\where\how\why用法特点。
连接副词when\where\how\why等在主语从句中有实在意思:when(什么时候)、where(哪里)、how(怎么、如何)、why(为什么);在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语、方式状语和原因状语,并且都不能省略。用哪一个连接副词引导从句,要根据它们本身的意思确定。
连接副词when\where\how\why等引导主语从句
(1)when we shall have out sports meet has not been decided.
When.在从句中作时间状语,意思是“什么时候”。
我们什么时候开运动会还没有定下来。
(2)where we can buy cheaper flats needs futhter investigation.
Where在从句中作地点状语,意思是“(在)哪里)
(3)how we will make the plan has been explained clearly by the teacher.
How 在从句中作方式状语,意思是“怎么,怎样“
我们怎样制定计划老师已经清楚地解释过了。
(4)why he asked for leave is not clear.
Why在从句中作原因状语,意思是“为什么“
他为什么请假不清楚。
指点迷津:
1、引导主语从句的连接副词when\where\how \why等在从句中都用作状语,没必要记住有哪些连接副词可以引导主语从句,只需要见到这类连接副词时知道它们的词义,知道它们是作状语的就可以了。
2、连接副词引导的主语从句也可以用it作形式主语而将主语从句后置。常用的句型结构有:
(1)it doesn’t matter/doesn’t make too much difference/doesn’t seem to matter much/doesn’t affect sb/is of great importance+连接代、副词引导的主语从句
(2)it is not known /doubtful/not decided/not made clear/to be discussed/ to be decided/uncertain/a question.+。连接代、副词引导的主语从句。
当堂小结:连接副词when\where\how\why/选择的诀窍是:根据它们本身的词义。
二、第一招之二:学会连词、连接代词和连接副词的用法区别(一)that和what区别
在主语从句中,that不作任何句子成分,没有实在意义,只起连接从句的作用。What作句子成分,如主语、宾语、定语、表语等有时有实在意义“什么”,有时没有实在意义,只表示“…所…的(东西)”。因此,是选that还是选what关键看主语从句中是否缺少句子成分。缺少成分选what,不缺成分选that.
That和what的区别
(1)it worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.
主语从句不缺主语、宾语、表语、定语成分,从句在不缺少引导词的情况下结构完整、句意清楚。That在从句中不作成分,无实在意义,只起引导从句的作用。
使她有点担心的是她的头发正在变白。
(2)what he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
主语从句中谓语动词Said后缺少宾语,what在从句中作宾语,没有具体的实在意义。
他在会上说的话使在场的人都感到惊讶。
(3)what caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
主语从句中缺少主语,what在从句中作主语,意思是“什么”。
(二)其他连词、连接代词和连接副词的区别。
除了上述的that和what主要根据是否在从句中作句子成分进行选择以外,剩余的连词whether\连接代词who\what\which\以及连接副词when\where\how\why等的选择全部根据它们本身的词义确定。认真揣摩填充完整的每一个句子的意思,句意清楚明了、符合逻辑,自然知道改用哪一个引导词了。
主语从句的引导词的区别。
(1)where the next Olympic Games will be held is known to all.
主语从句中不缺主语、宾语或表语,从”is known to all可知选Where。即“下一届奥运会在哪里举行大家都知道了”。Where在从句中作地点状语,意思是“哪里”。
(2)Whether we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.主语从句中不缺主语、宾语或表语。从{depends on the weather.可知应该选whether.即明天是否去野营取决于天气“。
Whether在从句中不作句子成分,但有词义“是否“。
(3)What she has seems always better than what I have what.
她似乎总是比我有更好
两个主语从句都缺少宾语。两个what.在从句中分别作has和have的宾语。
(4)i Read about it in some book or other,does it matter which it was?
主语从句中缺少表语。根据句意,可知应该选which.即:我在某一本杂志或别的地方度过有关它的内容,是哪一本有关紧要吗?
(5)whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
No matter what和no matter which不能引导名词性从句。可知道选,
哪一队星期六获胜那一队将参加全国锦标赛。Whichever在从句中作定语,意思是“无论哪一个”。
三、第二招 学会解决主语从句应该注意的特殊问题
1、连词whether的特殊性
表示“是否‘时,用whether不用if引导主语从句。例如:
Whether the old couple can enjoy the trip remains to be seen.
这对老夫妇能否享受这次旅行的乐趣有待于观察
用whether表示“是否“,引导主语从句是正确的。
2、主谓一致。主语从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如果有两个并列的主语从句、并且表示两种不同的内容,谓语动词当然有复数形式了。例如:
(1)when we shal start out has not been decided yet.我们什么时候出发还没有定下来。
(2)when and where they will hold a sports meet is to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.他们什么时候在什么地方举行运动会将在明天的会上讨论。
主语从句when and where they will hold a sports meet尽管由两个副词When和where引导,但是它表示的仍然是一件事情“何时何地举行运动会。因此该主语应该被看作第三人称单数形式。
(4)what these guests like to eat and what they like to play ars still unknown to us.这些客人喜欢吃什么以及喜欢玩什么,我们还不知道。
该句有两个主语从句“what these guests like to eat和what they like to play.,表示两项内容,谓语动词当然用复数形式。
3、语序。主语从句采用陈述语序,即“主语在前,谓语随后“。
所有名词性从句的语序都是陈述句语序。
4、主语从句的经典句型:
(1)what I want to do /say/know is that
(2)it is said /reported/known/believed/thought/announced/dedided that…
(3)It is important/necessary/possible/probable/likely/doubtful that…
(4)it doesn’t matter/doesn’t make too much difference/doesn’t seem to matter much/is of great importance+连接代、副词引导的主语从句。
四、巩固性练习
1、fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
各国的时尚不同可能从某一方面反映文化的差异。
主语从句在不缺少引导词的情况下结构完整,句意清楚,that在从句中不作成分,无实在意义,只起引导从句的作用。
2、it is pretty well understood what controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
主语从句缺少主语,What在从句中作主语,意思是“什么”。
当今人们对于什么控制着大气中的二氧化碳进出有了深入的见解。
3、i feel strongly that whatever you do doesn’t matter to much to me .主语从句中谓语动词do 后缺少宾语,whatever,
我强烈地感到无论你做什么事对我都没有多大关系。句意最佳。
4、how they will solve the serious problem has not been decided yet.
主语从句不缺主语或宾语。从has not been decided yet.
他们将如何解决这个严重的问题还没有决定。
5、it sometimes keeps her awake at night that Tomis getting more and more quiet at home.
经过分析句子结构可知“Tom is ….at home”是主语从句,该从句结构完整、句意清楚,不缺任何成分。前面keeps应该作谓语。由于主语过长,应该采用it作形式主语的结构。
汤姆在家越来越安静了, 这使得她有时整晚都睡不著
6、does it matter much the sales manager won’t attend the meeting tomorrow?
I have no idea.
主语从句在不缺少引导词的情况下结构完整、句意清楚,that在从句中不作成分,无实在意义,只起引导从句的作用。从句意上理解一个表示“是否”之意的连词也是可以的。但是if不能引导主语从句。如果把if 引导的从句当作条件状语从句,从句用一般将来时是不正确的。
如果明天销售经理不参加会议没多大关系吧
7、that Human beings are different from animals lies that they can use languages as a tool to communicate.
主语从句中不缺少引导词的情况下,结构完整、句意清楚。That在从句中不作成分,无实在意义,只起引导从句作用。
8、what is Britain now used to be three different countries and over many years the three countries became one.
。主语从句中缺少主语。What在从句中作主语,表示“所…的”,没有具体的实在意思。
英国过去是不同的三个国家,但是多年后他们统一成为一个国家了 ...
9、it is no longer a question now that man can land on the moon.
人类能够登上月球已经成为现实,因此,主语从句在不填引导词时句意清楚、结构完整,不缺任何句子成分。It作形式主语,that从句作真正的主语。主句中,“no longer a question now”.暗示没有疑问。
1、whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
主语从句缺少主语,
无论是谁,只要救助了溺水的女孩,都是值得表扬的。
第二讲 宾语从句
宾语从句(The object clause)在复合句中作动词、形容词或介词的宾语。引导宾语从句的词有连词that、whether、连接代词who、whose、what、which等;连接副词when、where、how、why等。
一、第一招之一:学会引导宾语从句的连词、连接代词和连接副词的基本用法
(一)连词that、whether和if的用法特点
That在宾语从句中没有任何意思,不作任何句子成分,只起连接从句 或引导从句的作用,一般不能省略
Whether和if在从句中的意思是“是否”,不作任何句子成分,起连接从句或引导从句的作用,但不能省略。Whether和if一般可以互换。
体会that、whether和if在宾语从句中的用法:精彩讲解:
(1)i wish (that) you could understand me .
That在从句中不作任何成分,没有任何意思,可以省略。That引导的宾语从句作动词wish 的宾语。
我希望你能理解我。
(2)her parents are glas that she has made great progress in English.
That在从句中不作任何成分,没有任何意思,可以省略。That引导的宾语从句作形容词Glad的宾语。
她在英语方面取得了很大进步,她的父母很高兴。
(3)we can’t judge whether/if this answer is correct or not.
Whether或if 在从句中不作成分,但有实在意思“是否”。Whether/if引导的宾语从句作动词judge的宾语。
我们不能断定这个答案是否正确。
(4)i wonder if you could give me a favor.
If在从句中不作成分,但有实在意思“是否”。If引导的宾语从句作动词wonder.的宾语。
我不知道你能否帮我一个忙。
指点迷津:
1、whether和if引导宾语从句,一般可以通用,不过最好用whether不容易出错。
2、that引导宾语从句时,that通常可省略。但是,下列情形that不能省略:
(1)由and或but连接的两个以上的宾语从句,前一个可以省略that,后一个则不可省略that.例如:
Her father told her(that) the book was very interesting and that is was worth reading.他的爸爸告诉她这本书很有趣,并且值得一读。
谓语动词told带有两个宾语从句,都有that引导,第二个从句的引导词that不能省略。
(2)由that引导的宾语从句在介词but、besides、except等后作宾语时,that不能省略。例如:
The village has not change except that the road is wider.除了道路更宽了,这个村庄没有变化。
(3)当宾语从句it作形式宾语时,that不能省略。例如:
I have made it a rule that I keep an English diary every day.我每天写英语日记已经成了惯例。
We all think it a pity that he did not pass the entrance examination.
我们都认为他没有通过入学考试是个遗憾。
It为形式宾语,that引导的宾语从故作真正的宾语。
(4)宾语从句跟在动词固定词组后面时,that不可省略。例如:
Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fall faster than light ones.亚里士多德曾经断定重的物体总是比轻的物体落得快。
Make up one’e mind.为动词固定词组,that引导的宾语从句在其后作宾语。
(5)宾语从句的主语是主语从句、不定式或动名词时,that不可省略。例如:
The teacher told me that (what I said)was the same (as he had expected).老师告诉我我所说的同他预料的一样。
该句that引导的是宾语从句,一直到句尾。宾语从句中又有两个从句:what引导的主语从句和as引导的定语从句 。
We know clearly that reading aloud helps to memorize things.我们清楚地知道朗读有助于记忆东西。
宾语从句中的主语时动名词短语reading aloud.
(7)宾语从句中含有状语从句,并且该状语从句放在宾语从句的句首时,that不可省略。
The monser promised that( if someone came to save him)he would give the whole world to him)妖怪许诺说如果有人来救他,他将把整个世界都给他。
宾语从句中含有条件状语从句,并位于宾语从句的句首。
(1)宾语从句作双宾语中的直接宾语(指事物),that不可省略。
Tom told his teacher that he would spend more time on his math study.
汤姆告诉他的老师他将在自己的数学学习上花更多的时间。
His teacher是间接宾语,that从句指直接宾语。
(8)动词learn,suggest,explain ,agree,mean ,feel,wonder,prove等后跟that引导的宾语从句时,that不可省略。例如:
I have learned that most students would like to go for a picnic this weekend in our class.我已经了解到我们班大多数同学很想在本周末去野餐。
However,Marx went on to explain that he was not too sure of two things.然而,马克思接着解释说他对两件事不太有把握。
(9)当主句谓语动词或非谓语动词与that引导的宾语从句之间有插入语,或直接引语中转述分句把that引导的宾语从句隔开时,that不能省略。例如:
When he got to Englan ,he found ,however ,that his English was too limited.当他到达英国时,可是,他发现自己的英语太有限了。
“I am sorry to tell you “,he said when he saw me ,”that you failed again in the examination.”我遗憾地告诉你,他见到我时说,你这次考试又没有及格。
如果不知道什么时候可以省略that,那就保持that不省略为妙。
当堂小结。
连词that、whether和if的选择诀窍是:宾语从句中不缺少主语、宾语之类的句子成分并且句意完整时,用that.虽然不缺主语、宾语之类的句子成分,但需要有“是否”之意时,用whether或if.
简言之:不作成分、没有实意,用That。表示“是否”,用whether或if。
(一)连接代词who、whose、what、which.等的用法特点。
引导宾语从句的连接代who、whose、what、which等和引导主语从句连接代词who、what、which等的用法相同。也就是说,这些连接代词既可以引导主语从句,又可以引导宾语从句,并且它们在从句中所表达的意思和担任的句子成分也是相同的。
连接代词who、whose、what、which等在宾语从句中有实在意思:who(谁)、whose(谁的)、what(什么、什么样的)、which(哪一个、哪一些);在从句中都做句子成分:主语、宾语、表语或定语等,并且都不能省略。用哪一个连接代词引导从句,要根据它们本身的意思确定。
有时,what没有具体的实在意思,只表示“……..所….的(动词)”,不翻译出来,但在宾语从句中肯定作某种句子成分。
体会who、whose、what、which.等在宾语从句中的用法:
连接代词who、whose、what、which等引导宾语从句。精彩讲解:
(1)we don’t know who will take the place of the manager.
Who在从句中作主语,意思是“谁”。
我们不知道谁会取代经理的位置。
(2)i want to make sure whose fault it is to make such a silly decision.
Whose.在从句中作定语,修饰fault.意思是“谁的”。
我想弄清楚作出这样愚蠢的决定是谁的过错。
(3)can you imagine what will happen in the future?
What在从句中作主语,意思是“什么”
你能想象将来会发生什么事吗?
(4)please tell me which subject you like best.
Which 在从句中作定语,修饰subject.意思是“哪一个”。
请告诉我你最喜欢哪一门学科。
(5)she can’t judge which is more fit for her.
Which 在从句中作主语,意思是“哪一个”。
她不能断定哪一个更适合她。
指点迷津:1、引导宾语从句的连接代词不但有who\whose\what\which.还有whoever,whatever,whichever.
2、whose 或which在宾语从句中作定语时,它连同它所修饰的名词在一起往往担任主语、宾语或表语。
I want to make sure whose fault it is to make sure a silly decision(whose fault在从句中作表语)
Please tell me (which subject you like best)(which subject 在从句中作宾语)。
当堂小结:
连接代词who\whose\what\which等选择的诀窍是:根据它们本身的词义。如果没有具体的实在意思是在从句中作句子成分选择what.
(三)连接副词when\where\how\why.等用法特点
引导宾语从句的连接副词和引导主语从句的连接副词是相同的,在从句中所表达的意思和担任的句子成分也是相同的。
它们在宾语从句中都有实在意思:when(什么时候);where(哪里);how(怎么、如何);why(为什么);在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语、方式状语和原因状语,并且都不能省略。用哪个连接副词引导从句,要根据它们本身的意思确定。
连接副词When、where、how、why引导宾语从句。
(1)please let us know when you will come here for the train tickets.
When在从句中作时间状语,意思是“什么时候”。
请让我们知道你什么时候来这里取火车票。
(2)sorry ,I forgot where you are living now.
Where在从句中作时间状语,意思是“什么时候”。
对不起,我忘了你现在住在哪里。
(3)in his book ,he told us how these inventions were made.
How在从句中作方式状语,意思是“怎么、如何”。
在他的书中,他告诉我们这些发明是怎么弄出来的。
(4)many parents don’t understand why their children like to try new things and be different.
Why 在从句中作原因状语,意思是“为什么”。
很多父母不理解他们的孩子为什么喜欢尝试新东西,并且喜欢与众不同。
指点迷津:引导宾语从句的连接副词when\where\how\why等在从句中都作状语,知道它们词义就可以了。此外,whenever(无论何时)、wherever(无论哪里);however(无论如何、不管怎样)等也很常见,它们在从句中也是作状语的,知道它们的词义能正确使用
小结:连接副词when\where\how\why.等选择的诀窍是:根据它们本身的词义。
二、第一招之二:学会连词、连接代词和连接副词的用法区别。
(一)that和what的区别。
在宾语从句中,that不作任何成分,没有实在意义,只起连接从句的作用,一般可以省略。What一定作句子成分,如主语、宾语、定语、表语等。有时有实在意义“什么”,有时没有实在意义,只表示“….所….的(东西)。因此,选that还是选what,关键要看宾语从句中是否缺少句子成分。缺少成分选what,不缺成分选that.是否作句子成分是what和that的最大区别,也是正确选择二者的重要依据。这一用法和它们引导主语从句时的区别方法一样。
That和what的区别。
(1)a computer can only do what you have instructed it to do .
宾语从句中不定式to do后缺少宾语。应用what引导该从句,what作to do的宾语,但没有实在意思。
(2)i answered all the questions in the history test.
Are you sure you will past it?
宾语从句中不缺任何句子成分,句意完整、应用that引导该从句,that只起连接从句的作用,没有实在意思。
(3)when you answer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule:always give the monkey exactly what he wants.
宾语从中及物动词Wants后缺少宾语,应用what引导该从句,what作wants的宾语,但没有实在意思。
当你在回答求职面试的问题时,请记住这条黄金法则:永远给他们想要的东西。
(4)she thinks that whoever can do the job well is worth praising .
根据句意可知宾语从句是一个完整的句子,不缺任何句子成分,并且从句意思表达清楚、完整,即“谁能做好这件工作都值得表扬“。That引导该从句,that只起连接作用,没有实在意思。
(二)whether和if的区别。
Whether和if引导宾语从句时,一般可以通用。如果拿不准应该用whether还是if,记住用whether是正确的。但,下列常用whether.
1、宾语从句在介词后面作宾语时,用whether而不用if.例如:
I worry about whether I can finish the task in time.我担心我能否按时完成这项任务。
Whether引导的宾语从句作介词about的宾语。
2、宾语从句中有or not时,不可用if和or not直接连用(但分开则可以),而用whether.例如:
It doesn’t matter much whether/if he will go or not.他是否去没有多大关系。
I will be happy whether or not I get the job .我是否得到这份工作都会高兴的。
3、whether后可以跟不定式,而if 则不可。
I am not sure whether to leave or stay.我说不准是离开还是留下。
4、用if引导宾语从句有可能引起分歧时,应该用whether,而不用if.
Please let us know if you like the book 请告诉我们你是否喜欢这本书(if引导宾语从句)
Please let us know if you like the book如果你喜欢这本书,请你告诉我们。(if 引导条件状语从句)
Please let us know whether/if you like the book or not.请告诉我们你是否喜欢这本书。(whether/if引导宾语从句)。
5、宾语从句是否定结构时,不用Whether,而用if.
(1)I don’t care if he doesn’t agree with me.我不在乎他是否不同意我的观点。
Whether和if的区别。
Think if/whether you can solve the problem by yourself.
Whether/if .两个连词可以通用,没有区别。
考虑一下你是否能够自己解决这个问题。
(2)I wonder& whether or not they will bring us what we have orderd this week.
和or not紧接着连在一起使用时,通常只用whether.
我不知道他们是否会把我们本周定的东西带来。
(3)she worried about whether she could pass the final exam.
在介词about后引导宾语从句,通常只能用whether.
她担心她是否能够通过最后的考试。
(4)we don’t care whether/if you like the plan or not.
Whether通常和or not连用。If 如果和or not分开使用时,则是正确的,即“if…or not”.
我们不在乎你是否喜欢这个计划。
(5)no one knows if they don’t want to work with us.
宾语从句是否定结构they don’t want…不用Whether,而常用if.
没有人知道他们是不是不想与我们合作。
(三)what和whatever,which和whichever,who和whoever等的区别
Whatever、whichever、whoever等引导宾语从句时,它们的用法如同what、which、who等一样,在从句中都担任一定的句子成分,有一定的词义,只是它们所表达的意思比较强烈,都有“无论….”之意。选择时,如果强调“无论…”之意时,要选用whatever(无论什么、无论怎样的)、whichever(无论哪一个)、whoever(无论谁)。这些引导词也常用来引导前面讲过的主语从句,用法如同在宾语从句中一样。
What和whatever、which和whichever、who和whoever等引导宾语、主语从句。
(1)she would tell the story to whoever passed by.
宾语从句中缺少主语。
她把这个故事讲给任何一个过路的。含有“无论谁”之意,即“不管是谁,只要从此路过,他都会向此人讲这个故事。
(2)people were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very different form what it is today.
介词后的宾语从句中缺少表语。很久以前人们也许更诚实,当时,生活和今天的(生活)大相径庭。
(3)whoever leaves the classroom last ought to turn off the lights.
分析句子结构可知前面的是主语从句,从句中缺少主语,并引导该从句。
谁最后离开教室都应该把灯关掉。这里的“谁“表达的是“无论谁、不管是谁”。
(4)These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can (do) to save them.
I can 是省略形式的宾语从句。完整形式是“&&&& I can do”(从句中的do和主语中的do 重复了,因此省略了)。从句中,谓语动词do后缺少宾语。这些野花如此奇特,我会尽我所能做的一切来救它们。合乎整个句意。
(5)you can choose whichever tie as a present for your father ,for they are all well designed and made by hand.宾语从句中缺少定语。供选择的礼物已经说明了,是“领带”,不存在不知道是何物,。根据后面的原因状语从句的意思“因为这些领带都设计得很好,并且是手工制作的”可知“无论选择哪一条作为礼物都会合适的”。
(四)其他连接代词和连接副词的区别。
除了上述的三组引导词的区别外,剩余的连接代词who、whose、which等以及连接副词when、where、how、why.等的选择全部根据它们本身的词义确定。究竟选择哪一个最佳选项,可以把所给的四个选项逐一代入空白处,认真揣摩填充完整的每一个句子的意思,看看哪一个句子句意清楚、明了、符合逻辑,自然就知道该用哪一个引导词了。选择的方法即:由句意确定连接代、副词。
宾语从句的引导词的区别。
(1)someone is ringing the doorbell ,Go and see who it is .宾语从句应该用陈述句语序,当不知道来人的身份、性别等时,常用it指代“人”。
(2)Do you remember how he came
Yes,I do,he came by car.
根据答语中的关键词“by car”可知宾语从句询问的是”来的方式”.意思是“怎么,如何”.
(3)i remember when this used to be a quiet village.
我记得这里曾是一片宁静的村庄的那段时光
宾语从句中不缺主语、宾语和表语,缺少的是状语。剩余的三个连接副词应该根据它们在从句中的意思确定。我记得什么时候这曾经是一个僻静的村庄。句意才能表达清楚、符合逻辑。
(4)can you make sure& where Alice has put the gold ring?
I can’t find it anywhere.
根据关键信息I can’t find it anywhere.可以推断:不知道爱丽丝把金戒指放在哪里了。
(5)she didn’t explain to us& why she wanted to stop her work in the company.她没有向我们解释她为什么想放弃她在这个公司的工作。
主句中的关键词“explain”表明:需要解释的一般是“原因”,即“解释清楚为什么要做某事”。
三、第二招:学会解决宾语从句应该注意的特殊问题
1、时态的呼应
名词性从句,尤其是宾语从句中,谓语动词的时态要和主句的时态呼应。
原则之一:如果主句用现在或将来时态,从句可根据需要用任何时态。例如:
(1)you can’t imagine how excited I was when I took the first place in the 100-metre rece.你想象不到当我在100米赛跑中得第一名时我是多么激动.
(2)no one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.没有人敢肯定人类100万年之后看起来会是什么样子。
(3)now, I will tell you when you shall get your school report.现在,我将告诉你什么时候你会拿到成绩报告单。
原则之二:如果主句用过去时态,从句必须用与过去相关的合适时态。不过,客观真理和格言除外。
(1)she told us that she would go abroad very soon.她告诉我们她不久就要出国了。
(2)i asked him again where he had the washing machine repaired.
我再次问他他在哪里修理了这台洗衣机。
(3)we though that you had already known why you would be sent to work in the west.我们原以为你已经知道了你为什么将被派往西部去工作。
(4)My teacher told me that where there is a will there is a way.我的老师告诉我有志者事竟成。
在下列场合,宾语从句的时态有特殊的限制,即使用虚拟语气。在这两种场合中,通常用that引导宾语从句,that可以省略。
场合之一:动词wish(希望、但愿)后的宾语从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气:与现在事实相反时,用一般过去时;与过去事实相反时,用过去完成时;与将来事实相反时,用“would/could+动词原形”。
(1)how I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden!我多么希望每个家庭都有一个漂亮花园的大房子啊!(与现在事实相反)。
(2)i wish you had& come here yesterday.昨天你要是来这里就好了!(与过去事实相反)。
(3)i wish I could fly like a bird some day.但愿有一天我能够像鸟一样飞翔。
场合之二:动词suggest(建议)、advise(建议)、recommend(建议)、insist(坚持要求、坚持一定要)、order(命令)、require(要求、命令)、demand(要求、需要)等后的宾语从句中,谓语动词常用”should+动词原形“,should 可以省略。
(1)Jane’s parents suggested that she (should) have medical examination.简的父母建议她做体检。
(2)the guard at the gate insisted that everybody (should)obey the rules.门口的卫兵坚持一定要每个人都遵守规章。
(3)the boss ordered that all the work (should)be finished before the end of the year.老板命令所有的工作都要在年底前完成。
3、语序。宾语从句采用陈述语序,即“主语在前,谓语随后”。
下面有两个句型用作宾语从句时,不改变语序,仍然用疑问语序:
(1)what is wrong with?....怎么了?….出什么毛病了?
What is wrong with you ?asked the doctor.你怎么了,医生问。
变为间接引语,用作宾语从句
The doctor asked me what was wrong with me?
(2)what’t the matter with….?....怎么了?….出什么毛病了?
What is the matter with your camera? Asked the repairman.
你的相机出什么毛病了?修理工问。
变为间接引语,用作宾语从句。
The repairman asked me what was the matter with my camera.
另外,比较下面两个句子的不同:
(1)the doctor asked me what was the matter with me .
医生问我怎么了。医生问我我哪里不舒服(tha matter意思是“麻烦事”。)
(3)the doctor asked me what the matter was with me.
医生问我我带的东西是什么。(the matter意思是“物质、东西)。
1、否定前移。在 I think、believe、guess、suppose.后跟that宾语从句时,如果从句时否定句,从句中的否定词一般要转移到主句的谓语动词如think、believe等上来。这种现象被称为否定前移。其反意疑问句的主语和谓语动词往往与that宾语从句的主语和谓语动词保持一致,此事要特别注意否定前移的情况,这就是谓语的“反宾不反主“。
注意:用否定前移时,主句的主语是第一人称单数形式“I“,不能是其他人称和数。主句中的时态是一般现在时。
所谓“反宾不反主“,就是对宾语从句的主语和谓语进行反问,而不是对主句中的主语和谓语进行反问。
(1)i think (that) it will be fine tomorrow,wont’it?
我认为明天会是好天气,对吗?
I don’t think (that) it will be fine tomorrow? Will it?
我认为明天不会是好天气,对吗?(否定前移)
(2)i believe (that) she will come to help us with the housework,won’t she?我想她会来帮我们做家务对吗?
I don’t believe(that) she will come to help us with the housework,will she?我想她不会来帮助我们做家务活,对吗?(否定前移)。
不符合上述否定前移条件的,不能这样用:
(1)she thinks (that) I am better at learning language than anyone else in class 5,doesn’t she?她认为我在五班比其他任何一个学生都更擅长学语言,是吗?
She thinks (that) I am not better at learning languages than anyone else in class 5 ,doesn’t she.她认为我在五班不比其他任何一个学生更擅长学语言,是吗?
(不能否定前移)。
(2)we think (that) she is a nice girl,don’t we?我们认为她是一个好女孩,对吗?
We think (that) she is not a nice girl,don’t we。我们认为她不是一个好女孩,对吗?(不能用否定前移)。
2、宾语从句的引导词“连接代、副词“前置。
在do you think/believe/say/guess/suppose/suggest/feel/consider等后跟由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句时,表示疑问的连接代词what\which\who等以及连接副词When、where、why、how等通常提到句子的开头,把do you think等看作插入语,宾语从句仍然要用陈述句语序。这一用法在高考中时常出现。
(1)what do you think will happen to her next?你认为她下一步会出什么事?
(2)who do you suggest should take over the firm?你建议谁接管这个公司?
(3)who/whom do you say you would give this present to?你说你会把这个礼物给谁呢?
(4)where do you believe we will have a picnic this Sunday?你们认为本周日我们将在哪里进行野餐?
(5)when do you consider she will be bace from New York?你认为她什么时候从纽约回来?
6、宾语从句后置。
动词think\find\consider \believe\make\feel.等后有宾语补足语,用it作形式宾语放在上述动词之后,而把真正的宾语that引导的宾语从句(that不能省略)放在宾语补足语之后,这种情况被称宾语从句的后置。高考试题中时常涉及到这方面的问题。
(1)i think it necessary that we should do some reading in the morning.我认为我们早上读点书是必要的。It是形式宾语,that从句是真正的宾语,necessary是宾语补足语。
(2)he made it a rule that he wrote an English composition every Sunday.他定下规矩:每周日写一篇英语作文。
It是形式宾语,that从句是真正的宾语,a rule是宾语补足语。
(3)we feel it a pity that you haven’t been to the get-togother.我们感到你没有去聚会是一个遗憾。
It是形式宾语,that从句是真正的宾语,a pity是宾语补足语。
(4)do you believe it possible that man will live on the moon some day?你认为有朝一日人类会生活在月球上吗?
It是形式宾语,that从句是真正的宾语。Possible是宾语补足语。
7、宾语从句的经典句型。
(1)we think/find/believe/make it…. That….
(2)i don’t think /believe/suppose/guess that…
(3)i wonder if …
(4)would you mind if I did….?
(5)i doubt whether /if
I don’t doubt that…
(6)i am sure that…
I am not sure whether/if
(7)i suggest/advise/order/insist that sb(should) do
四、巩固性练习
1、i think Father would like to know what. I have been up to so far,so I decide to send him a quick note.
宾语从句中介词to后缺少宾语。根据句意“到目前为止我在捣鼓什么“。What.在从句中作宾语,意思是“什么”。
老爸想知道我一直在干吗,所以我决定给他寄封快信
2、with his work completed ,the businessman stepped back his seat,feeling pleased that he was a man of action.
工作完成了,这个商人步回到自己座位上,对他自己是一个实干家而感到满意。
. feeling please that he was a man of aciton是该句的伴随状语,其中含有固定短语feel pleased with sth“对...感到满意”。
而短语be/feel pleased with sth中,如果sth为简短的名词/名词短语,则介词with不能省略。
但是,如果with后面是一个冗长的宾语从句时,则介词with一般加以省略。
3、these photographs will show you what our village looks like.
宾语从句应该用陈述句语序,looks like后却宾语。What作looks like的宾语。意思是“什么”。
4、people have heard what the Pthey are waiting to see& what& he will go .
宾语从句中动词do后缺少宾语。
人们已经听到了总统所说的;他们正等着看总统会做什么.
5、I think it’s going to be a big problem
Yes, it could be.
I wonder& what we can do about it.do后缺少宾语。
我认为这将是一个问题,是的它可能是,我想知道我们对于这能做些什么
6、can you see the Jinsha Museum from where you are standing/
Yes, and it’s really well designed.宾语从句中谓语是不及物动词are standing ,其后缺少表示地点的状语,where引导的从句作介词from的宾语。问句的句意是“你能从你现在站的地方看到金沙博物馆。”
7、Dr black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge,but I can’t remember which.布莱克博士来自牛津或剑桥,但是记不清是哪一个地方。,而不是记不清是“哪里”。.
8、you can’t imagine how excited they were when they received these nice Christmas presents.
宾语从句应该用陈述语序,连接词how修饰形容词或副词,应该放在它们之前。引导从句的连接词必须放在该从句的开头。
9、these shoes look very good , I wonder& how much they cost.同上。
10、why don’t you bring it to his attention that you are too busy to do it?
你为什么不让他注意到你很忙,没时间做那件事?
bring sth. to sb.'s attention:&
v. 使某人注意某事
宾语从句中不缺主语和宾语,结构完整、句意清楚,that从句作真正的宾语。It作形式宾语。
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