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On the Way to Cerveteri (复旦高级英语第一册).ppt41页
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On the Way to Cerveteri (复旦高级英语第一册).ppt
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OntheWaytoCerveteriD.H.LawrenceItaly------------EtruscanCivilizationTheEtruscancivilizationisthenamegiventodaytothecultureandwayoflifeofapeopleofancientItaly.ThecivilizationenduredfromanunknownprehistorictimepriortothefoundationofRomeuntilitscompleteassimilationtoAncientRomeintheRomanRepublic.Butnumerousvestiges(signs)ofEtruscanculturedosurvivetheRomanconquest.768BC–264BCEtruscanCulturedevelopedinItalyafterabout800B.C.E.approximatelyovertherangeoftheprecedingIronAgeVillanovanculture(维朗诺瓦文化).InfluencedbyGreektradersandGreekneighborsinMagnaGraecia(大希腊),theHellenic(希腊的)civilizationofsouthernItaly,EtruscanculturereachedaveryhighmateriallevelbythetimeitwasabsorbedbyRome.MapofMagnaGraeciaThehighculturalachievementsofRomemayhavebeenlargelyderivative(衍生的),andtheEtruscanheritagewasavitalingredient.ThustheEtruscanlegacymadeamajorcontributiontotheculture(Rome)thatdidmuchtounifyEuropeandtheMediterraneanBasin,andwhoselegalandadministrativesystemsarestillthebasisofmanyEuropeanstates.TheNecropolisofCerveteri (7thcenturyBC)On2July2004,atasessionoftheUNESCOWorldHeritageCommitteeinSuzhou,China,thecemeteriesofCerveteriwereinscribedonthelistofWorldHeritagesites.IntroductiontoCerveteriCerveteriislocatedinsouthernEtruria,50kmnorthwestofRome.TheearliestdataofCerveteridatesfrom7centuryBC,andwearscharacteristicsofthegivenperiod.In253BC.CerveteriappearsinconfrontationsagainstRome.TheEtruscancitywasdefeatedandlostpartofitsterritory,includingthecoast.Deprivedofitsports,itisdoomedtoapermanentcrisis,whichleadstototaldestructionduringthe1stcenturyBC.Historically,thecitycoversabout150hectares,comparedwiththemoderncity,whichoccupiesonlyonethirdofthatspace.Thelargenumberandwealthofthetombsalsoindicateahighdevelopmentofthecity.Cerveterihasfivenecropolises,wheretheyfoundmorethan400tombs,theformationofrealstreetsofthedead,coveredwithvolcanictuft(丛生植物).Mostofthetombscanbedatedbetween7and6centuryBC.Themostcommonarethosewithanundergroundchamberandtumulus(坟墓)sitei
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