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>>>They__________on the program for almost one week before I jo..
They__________on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ________on it as no good results have come out so far.A. are still workingB. were still workingC. have workedD. are still working
题型:单选题难度:偏易来源:不详
A试题分析:句意:我在加入他们之前,他们从事这个项目已经有几乎一周的时间了,现在我们仍然在做这个项目,因为到目前为止还没有好的结果出来。根据时间状语从句before I joined them可以判断主句应该用过去完成时,而后句中的now决定了第二个空的时态是现在时态,故答案选A。
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“They__________on the program for almost one week before I jo..”主要考查你对&&过去完成时,过去完成时的被动语态&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
现在没空?点击收藏,以后再看。
因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
过去完成时过去完成时的被动语态
过去完成时的概念:
过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情,也可表示过去某个时间或动作之&前所发生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间。过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。&如:She had leant 2000 English words by the end of last month.&&&过去完成时的应用:
&(1)与过去完成时连用的时间状语可以多种多样,使用它的主要依据是看其是否发生在“过去的过去”。如:He had learnt some English before I went here. 在来这儿之前我学过一些英语。 &&&&&&& He had written three stories by last year.到去年他已经写了三篇故事。 &&&&&&& We had cleaned the room when he got there. 当他到那儿时,我们已经把房子弄干净了。 &&&&&&& He went there after he had finished his work. 他把事做完之后,就去哪儿了。 注意:当主句跟由before, after, as soon as所引导的时间从句的动作连接很紧密时,从句也可用一般过去时。 如:He went there after he read the letter. 他看了那封信后就去那儿了。 (2)过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如:He said he had been a soldier. 他说他当过兵。&&&&&&& They said they had seen the film. 他们说这幕电影他们看过。 (3)在hardly/scarcely…when…,nosooner…than…两个结构中的主句通常要用过去完成时。如:Hardly had I told her the news when she began to cry out. 她一听到这一消息就大哭了起来。 &&&&&&& Scarcely had he finished his supper when he went out. 他已吃完晚饭就出去了。 &&&&&&& No sooner had he fallen asleep than he lay down on the bed. 他一躺倒床上就睡着了。 (4)动词expect, hope, suppose, think, want等的过去完成时可用来表示未实现的计划、打算或希望。如:I had hoped to see you. 我本希望来看你。&&&&&&& He had wanted to buy a house in Beijing. 他本想在北京买栋房子。 过去完成时与一般过去时:
(1)过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态,即:过去完成时强调“过去的过去”,而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。如:He studied there two years ago. 他在那儿学习了两年。(离现在两年)&&&&&&& He said he had studied there two years ago. 他说他在那儿学习了两年。(离他说话时两年)(2)表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时,一般用and, then, but按照动作的先后顺序连接,此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。如:He said he went the shop and bought some food. 他说他去商店买了一些食品。 (3)两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。如:When I heard the news, I was very excited. (4)叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。如:Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in1492.过去完成时的被动语态的概念:
过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的叠合。表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作,常与by,before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had+been+过去分词”构成。过去完成时态的被动语态的构成:
1)过去完成时的被动语态的肯定式为:had + been + done。如:The task had been finished before 12:00 yesterday. 2)过去完成时的被动语态的否定式为:have / has + not + been + done。如:The task hadn't been finished before 12:00 yesterday. 3)过去完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将had提到主语的前面。如:Had the task been finished before 12:00 yesterday? 4)过去完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句为:疑问词 + had+ been + done。如:What time had the task been finished yesterday? 过去完成时被动语态的用法:
过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成,表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或状态,句中常用by,before,until,when等词引导时间状语。如:We had built five new buildings by the end of last year. 过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式:(1)肯定结构:主语+had been done+其他成分(2)否定结构:主语+had not been done+其他成分(3)疑问句结构:had+主语+been done+其他成分;&&&&&&&&& 疑问词+had+主语+been done+其他成分过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况:(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作,常与by, before等引导的时间状语连用。 如:By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished. &&&&&&& The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came. &&&&&&& How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?&&&&&&&&&Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting? (2)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语从句中,若表示过去某一被动动作时,用过去完成时。 如:The said the production costs had been reduced. &&&&&&& The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. &&&&&&& The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake. (3)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态,用过去完成时。 如:As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet. &&&&&&& He did what he had been told to. 另:当从句由after,before,when或assoonas引导时,主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。 如:When he arrived, he called her. &&&&&&& They locked the door before they left.过去完成时与现在完成时被动语态用法区别:   
现在完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作,过去完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。   例如:This polluted river has been cleaned. 这条被污染了的河流已被净化。   析:该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化。   例如:He said this book had been translated into Japanese. 他说这本书已被译成日语。   析:该句表示到他说话时所体现的时间为止这本书已被译成日语。
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品评校花校草,体验校园广场You have just come in time so I need not look for you.
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>>>Don’t disturb me. I_______ letters all morning and have wr..
Don’t disturb me. I_______ letters all morning and have written ten so far.A.have writtenB.am writingC.was writingD.have been writing
题型:单选题难度:偏易来源:不详
D试题分析:句意:不要打扰我,我整个早晨一直在写信,到目前为止已经写了十封信。因为有all morning强调动作一直在进行,故用现在完成进行时,故选D。点评:本题难度适中。动词时态的考查与一定的语境结合一起增加了试题的难度,有的考生时态的用法背的很熟,但在不同的语境下,就做不对了,提醒考生一定要会分析理解语境。这里考生误选C。即学即练:Experiments of this kind &&&&&&&in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conducted&&& B. have been conducted C. had conducted&&&&D. had been conducted解析:D。句意:就在二战爆发前,美国和欧洲都进行过这种实验。”首先考虑语态,主语experiment与conduct构成动宾关系,谓语使用被动形式。题干中出现the second war是过去的时间点,before the second war是过去的过去,因此使用过去完成时。选D。
马上分享给同学
据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“Don’t disturb me. I_______ letters all morning and have wr..”主要考查你对&&一般现在时,将来进行时,过去完成进行时,过去将来时的被动语态&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
现在没空?点击收藏,以后再看。
因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
一般现在时将来进行时过去完成进行时过去将来时的被动语态
一般现在时的概念:
表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作(有时间规律发生的事件)的一种时间状态。 一般现在时的用法:
1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。常用的时间状语有every...,sometimes,at...,on Sunday等。例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。  &&&&&&&&&&& Shang hai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3)表示格言或警句。例如:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 &&&&&&&&&&&&Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。    &&&&&&&&&&& I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。  第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。一般现在时知识体系:
&一般现在时用法拓展:
1、一般现在时表将来: 1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。   &&&&&&&—When does the bus star? 汽车什么时候开&&&&&& —It stars in ten minutes. ?十分钟后。 2)以here, there 等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming. 车来了。   &&&&&&&&&&& There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 3)在时间或条件句中。例如:When Bill comes(不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。   &&&&&&&&&&&&I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。 4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that 等的宾语从句中。例如:I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。   &&&&&&&&&&& Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。2、一般现在时代替一般将来时: When, while, before, fter, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case(that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引导的时间状语从句,条件句中,用一般现在时代替将来时。例如:He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京,就去看他姨妈。3、一般现在时代替一般过去时:1)"书上说","报纸上说"等。例如:The news paper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow. 报纸上说明天会很冷的。 2)叙述往事,使其生动。例如:Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins. 拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进,大战开始了 4、一般现在时代替现在完成时:1)有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时,如hear, tell, learn, write, understand, forget, know, find, say, remember等。例如:I hear(=haveheard)he will go to London. 我听说了他将去伦敦。 &&&&&&&&&&& I forget(=have forgotten)how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。 2)用句型"It is…since…"代替"It has been…since…"。例如:It is(=has been)five years since we last met. 从我们上次见面以来,五年过去了。 5、一般现在时代替现在进行时:在Here comes…/There goes…等句型里,用一般现在时代替现在进行时。例如:There goes the bell.铃响了。时态一致: 1、如果从句所叙述的为真理或相对不变的事实,则用现在时。例如:At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. 那时,人们不知道地球是动的。 &&&&&&&&&&& He told me last week that he is eighteen.上星期他告诉我他十八岁了。 2、宾语从句中的,助动词ought, need, must, dare的时态是不变的。例如:He thought that I need not tell you the truth. 他认为我不必告诉你真相。将来进行时的概念:
表示将来某时进行的状态或动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。例如:She'll becoming soon. 她会很快来的。   &&&&&&&&&&& I'l lbe meeting him sometime in the future. 将来我一定去见他。将来进行时的基本用法:   
1、将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作:   如:Don't phone me between 5 and 6. We'll be having dinner then. 五点至六点之间不要给我打电话,那时我们在吃饭。   &&&&&&& When I get home, my wife will probably be watching television. 当我到家时,我太太可能正在看电视。   2、表示按计划或安排要发生的动作:   如:I will be seeing you next week. 我下个星期来看你。   &&&&&&& I'll be taking my holidays soon. 不久我将度假了。   &&&&&&& We shall be going to London next week.下周我们要去伦敦。   3、将来进行时表示委婉语气:   如:Will you be having some tea? 喝点茶吧。   &&&&&&& Will you be needing anything else? 你还需要什么吗?   将来进行时与一般将来时的区别:  
(1)两者基本用法不一样:将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作,一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作:  如:What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 明天这个时候你会在做什么呢?  &&&&&&& What will you do tomorrow? 你明天干什么?  (2)两者均可表示将来,但用将来进行时语气更委婉:如:When will you finish these letters? 你什么什候处理完这些信件?(直接询问,如上司对下属)   &&&&&&& When will you be seeing Mr White? 你什么时候见怀特先生?(委婉地询问,如下属对上司)  && &&&&&&& When will you pay back the money?你什么时候还钱?(似乎在直接讨债)  &&&&&&&&When will you be paying back the money? 这钱你什么时候还呢?(委婉地商量)  (3)有时一般将来中的will含有“愿意”的意思,而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况:  如:Mary won't pay this bill. 玛丽不肯付这笔钱。(表意愿)  &&&&&&&&Mary won't be paying this bill. 不会由玛丽来付钱。(单纯谈未来情况)过去完成进行时:
过去完成进行时,就是相对过去的某个时刻来说已经对现在有直接影响并且还在进行的动作。放在间接引语或虚拟语气中时它的时态不能再向前推,向后推是现在完成进行时。过去完成进行时是由"had been + 现在分词"构成。    例如:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.   &&&&&&&&&&&& 她在考试之前一直患重感冒。 过去完成进行时构成:过去完成进行时是由"hadbeen+现在分词"构成。   如:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考试之前一直患重感。   &&&&&&& Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧?
过去完成进行时用法:  1、表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样,过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。过去完成进行时也是一个相对的时态,上下文中须有明示或暗示的作为参照的过去的时间。   如:I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 这东西我找了好多天才找着。   如:They had only been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came. 他们只等了几分钟车就来了。   2、表示反复的动作。   如:He had been mentioning your name to me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。   3、过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。   如:The doctor asked what he had been eating. 医生问他吃了什么。   &&&&&&& I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我问他们那些天呆在哪儿。   4、过去完成进行时之后也可接具有"突然"之意的when分句。   如:I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。   &&&&&&& She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister in terrupted her. 她温习功课才一会儿,她妹妹就打断她了。过去完成进行时和过去完成时的比较:  
如:She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy. 她已经打扫过办公室了,所以很整洁。(强调结果)   &&&&&&& She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside. 她一直在打扫办公室,所以我们不得不在外面等着。(强调动作一直在进行)过去将来时的被动语态的概念:
过去将来一般时的被动语态的主语是第一人称时用should be加及物动词的过去分词构成;主语是第二、三人称时用would be加及物动词的过去分词构成。 例如:He said that something would be needed to finish the task. 他说要完成这项任务,需要某种条件。&&&&&&&&&&&过去将来时的被动语态的用法:
过去将来时的被动语态常出现在英语间接引语中,其形式为:(1)would/should+be+动词的过去分词(2)was/were+going to be+动词的过去分词. 如:He said the project would be finished by the time we reached there.&&&&&&& She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.&& &&&&&&& He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.&&&&&&& He said that something would be needed to finish the task. 他说要完成这项任务,需要某种条件。 &&&&&&& It was said that they would be selected by lottery. 据说他们将抽签选出。
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