如何用逗号在英语句子中插入插入语(用于解释)?

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在英语写作练习中,标点符号是最容易被忽视的一个问题。有的学生整篇文章一逗到底;有的则相反,全文都用句号。这样,无论文章的内容多好,结构多紧凑,逻辑性多强,但由于标点符号错误过多,文章变得不知所云。逗号是最常用的标点符号之一,也是使用中出现错误最多的。典型错误如:
  * He promised to come to the meeting,however,he didn't appear.他答应来开会,但是没有来。(however之前不能用逗号,应该是分号。)
  * I didn't know,where I should go.我不知道我该去哪。(where之前的逗号应该去掉。)
  * We realized,that the girl was a foreigner.我们了解到那个女孩是个外国人。(that之前的逗号应该去掉。)
  那末,如何正确使用逗号呢?
  1.逗号用来隔开句中的并列成分,在最后两个成分之间的连接词之前,一般不用逗号;但如果最后两个成分太长,最好用逗号隔开,以免引起歧义。例如:
  The children sang,danced,jumped and chased each other.孩子们唱歌、跳舞、欢跃,互相追逐。
  I spent yesterday playing basketball,drinking beer,and tellingstories.我在打篮球、喝啤酒和讲故事中度过了昨天。
  2.逗号用来连接并列分句,用在连接词and,but,or,for,so,nor,yet等之前。例如:
  He wanted to go on,but other people disagreed.他想继续,但其他人不同意。
  The young man tried,yet he failed to convince her.这个年轻人试图说服她,但是失败了。
  但应注意:在汉语中,单独的逗号可以连接分句;在英语中,一般来说逗号必须与连接词一起才能连接并列分句,否则是错误的。
  3.句中的名词性从句(如由that,what,where,when,if等引导)作动词的宾语时,该从句之前不用逗号。例如:
  Tell me what you are going to do.告诉我你打算干什么。
  Tom wondered if the dinner was ready.汤姆不知道晚餐准备好了没有。
  4.状语从句、介词短语或分词短语在句中作状语,放在主语之前或插在句中,其后应该用逗号,若置于主句之后,则不用逗号。例如:
  Some listeners,bored by the lengthy talk,closed their eyesand dozed off.有些听众,由于厌烦那冗长的谈话,闭起眼睛打盹儿。
  To my delight,he passed the entrance examination of our institute.使我高兴的是,他通过了我们学院的入学考试。
  Come and look me up if you are ever in Beijing.如果你什么时候来北京,就来看我。
  5.句中如有限制性从句或词组(即需要用从句给修饰词以明确的含义)时,不用逗号;如果是非限制性从句或词组,则需要用逗号把它与句子的其他部分隔开。例如:
  This is the lab where students listen to tapes and see films.这是学生们听磁带、看电影的实验室。
  Mr.Li,the new CEO of the company,will soon announce his plansfor reforms.李先生,该公司的新任首席执行官,不久将宣布他的改革计划。
  6.当修饰全句的状语置于动词各部分之间,或主语与动词之间,或动词与补语之间时,用逗号把它和句子的其他成分隔开。例如:
  My father had,surprisingly,kept his temper all day.我父亲整天都不发脾气,这让人感到意外。
  They were,believe it or not,in love with each other.信不信由你,他们在相爱。
  7.逗号把同位语、插入语、独立成分与句中的其他成分隔开。例如:
  This is Zhang Hong,monitor of Class 1.这是张红,一班的班长。
  The machines you have supplied us with,I'm glad to tell you,work very well.我高兴地告诉你,你提供给我们的机器很好用。
  Many interesting places in Beijing,such as the Summer Palaceand Temple of Heaven,attract thousands of visitors daily.北京许多好玩的地方,如颐和园和天坛,每天都吸引着成千上万的参观者。
  &Tell me.&he said,&what did you think of the discussion?&&告诉我&,他说,&你认为这个讨论会怎么样?&
  8.英语中的日期、地址及四位数以上的数字表达中,逗号也是很重要的,如果表达日期的顺序是month&day&year,在年之前必须用逗号。例如:
  Hongkong was returned to China on July 1,1997.香港于日回归中国。
  如果日期的顺序是:day&month&year.则没有必要用逗号。例如:
  The girl was born on 15 May 1991.这女孩出生于日。
  在表达四位数以上的数字时,为了便于读数,一般从右向左,每三位数之间用逗号隔开。例如:
  67,865,243 1,876,468,200
  地址表达的例子如下:
  My address is &52 Yingzi Lane,Xidan,Beijing.&我的地址是&北京西单樱子胡同52号。&
  9.如果句中出现therefore,however,nonetheless,hence,otherwise,besides,moreover等连接副词时,它们不能用作连接词来连接两个并列分句。许多学生常常把这些词误用为连词,之前用逗号,这是不对的,应该用分号。例如:
  Our monitor didn'therefore,he didn't knowwhat new decisions were made.我们班长没有听报告。因此,他不知道所做的新决定是什么。
  以上对逗号的种种用法作了简单的分析。标点的正确使用会使文章表达清晰,通顺易懂。因此,逗号这个看似简单却常常被人忽视的小问题,应该受到人们的重视。
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在职研究生英语备考之插入语妙用
来源:  15:31:44 【】 
  在职研究生英语作文是好提分,但是若你写出毫无特色的文章,且有很大的地方与别人存在千篇一律,那这样的文章毫无新意,更得不了高分。针对此种情况,插入语的运用可以帮助到你在英文写作时变换句式,写出新意,得到高分。
  插入语不难。在英语中任何成分都可用两个逗号或破折号隔开成为插入成分,插入语可以使一个词、一个短语、或是一个句子。插入语的使用可以增加语言的亮点使句子错落有致。我们来看下面的两个句子:
  Ancient men made tools of stone. For instance, they always used flint because it is easier to shape than other kinds.(未使用插入语)
  Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because it is easier to shape than other kinds. (使用插入语)
  相比之下,第二个句子会更加地道,因为地道的英语句子就是要写得跌宕起伏。
  插入语可分以下几类:
  副词插入语:frankly, especially, fortunately, indeed, however
  【例句】Tourism, frankly, may promote the mutual understanding among nations.
  【译文】坦率地说,旅游可以促进国家之间的相互了解。
  短语插入语:generally speaking, to tell the truth, in a sense, in a word, strange to say
  【例句】Parents, in a word, should never lose sight of the side-effects of computer games on their children.
  【译文】总而言之,家长不该无视电脑游戏对小孩的副作用。
  短句插入语:I suppose, as I see it, I believe, what is important
  【例句】Environment, what is important, has a far-reaching influence on one&s personality.
  【译文】重要的是,环境对人的性格有深远影响。
  万能插入语:rather than肯前否后,这个短语可以放在句子中的任何一个成分后面。
  【例句】It abolishes the presumption of innocence and places the citizen at the service of the state rather than the other way round.
  【译文】新法废除了公民的无罪假定并且将公民置于为政府服务的地位,而非政府为公民服务。
  一些相对特殊的插入语:在考研中有一些相对特殊的插入语具有较强的固定表达意味,例如:
  to some extent 从一定程度上讲
  at length 终于,最后;详细地
  at the mercy of 在……支配下
  中国研究生招生信息网相信只要大家在以后的英文写作训练中,有意识地运用插入语,久而久之便会发现插入语的好处并从中受益。
  相关推荐:
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形形色色的插入语
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  中图分类号:H04文献标识码:A 文章编号:41-)02-0000-01 中国论文网 /4/view-2014866.htm  摘要:在英语句子中,插入语形形色色,种类很多,使用非常广泛,它们对于英语学习者正确理解句义和正确解题有时起着非常关键的作用,本文旨在对插入语的类别及使用进行归纳总结。   关键词:插入语;分类;英语学习       在英语句子中,我们常常会见到插入语的使用。插入语主要用来表示说话人对事情的看法、态度或推测。有时是对一句话作一些附加的解释或说明,有时表示总结概括或引起对方注意。插入语常用逗号或破折号与句子其他部分隔开,但有时没有。下面就插入语的使用及分类进行归纳总结。   一、简短的句子    常用作插入语的句子有:I think、I suppose、I hope、I believe、I imagine、I guess、I wonder、I say、I tell you、I am sure、I'm afraid、you see、you know、you think、don't you think、don't you know、do you suppose、do you think、do you believe、it seems、it seems to me、it is said、it is suggested、that is、that is to say等。例如:    The film,I think,is very interesting.    It won't be raining tomorrow, I hope.    We can't finish the work in time, I'm afraid.    Tom is a Londoner, that is to say, he lives in London.    His second novel, it seems, is better written than his first one.   二、介词短语    常用作插入语的介词短语有:in addition(另外)、 in short(简而言之)、 in one word(一句话)、in a word(一句话)、 in one's opinion(在某人看来)、 in other words(换句话说)、by the way(顺便说一句)、 in conclusion(总之)、in brief(简要地说)、in general(一般说来、概括地说)、in particular(尤其)、as a result(结果)、 on the contrary(相反)、on one hand..., (and) on the other hand...(一方面...,另一方面...)、in total(总共)、in all(总共)等。例如:    In addition,we have built two bridges over the river.    In one word, the living conditions of the people have been greatly improved in these years.   He thinks that I support the plan.On the contrary, I am strongly against it.   In brief,he is a very excellent player.   三、副词或副词短语    常用作插入语的副词和副词短语有:strangely(奇怪的是)、honestly(诚实地说)、briefly(简而言之)、though(可是、不过)、happily for sb.或luckily for sb.(对某人来说幸运的是)、surely(确实、当然)、namely(即)、otherwise(否则)、besides(另外)、strangely enough(说起来非常奇怪)。例如:    Strangely,he is often late for class lately.    You will be able to overcome the difficulty, surely.    Otherwise, we could not have finished the work in time.    H's caught a cold.It's nothing serious, though.    Happily for him, his father's second wife was kind to him too.   四、不定式短语    常用作插入语的不定式短语有:to tell (you) the truth(实话给你说)、to be exact(确切地说)、to be sure(确实、肯定地说)、 to be honest(诚实地说)、to be precise(精确地说)、to be frank(坦率地说)、to be brief(简而言之)、to sum up(总之)、to conclude(总之)、to start(或)begin with(首先)、to speak generally(一般来说)、to speak exactly(确切地说)、to speak roughly(粗略地说)、to speak frankly(坦率地说)、to speak strictly(严格地说)、to speak precisely(精确地说)、 to speak comparatively(比较起来说)、 to speak briefly(简而言之)等。例如:    To tell the truth,I don't like her.    To be exact, it happened at 8:43 on May 4th,1980.    To be frank, the film is not interesting.    To start with, we should get enough money.    To speak generally, English is easy to learn.    To conclude, the party was a great success.   五、分词短语    常用作插入语的分词短语有:putting it mildly(说轻一点)、judging by/from...(根据...判断)、generally speaking(一般来说)、roughly speaking(粗略地说)、frankly speaking(坦率地说)、exactly speaking(确切地说)、comparatively speaking(比较起来说)、strictly speaking(严格地说)、honestly speaking(诚实地说)、briefly speaking(简而言之)、precisely speaking(精确地说)等。例如:    Putting it mildly,he doesn't study hard.    Judging from his accent, he must be from Henan.    Generally speaking, youths of eighteen are too young for such work.    Strictly speaking, this city isn't very old.    Frankly speaking, I'm not interested in English.   六、某些形容词或形容词词组    能用作插入语的形容词或形容词词组不太多。例如:    Sure enough ,the temple fell to pieces a few years later.    Worse still ,rain water washed away the topsoil from the hillsides.    Strange ,he is often late for class recently.    Most important of all ,we must be sure of ourselves.   七、个别从句    有时有些从句也用作插入语。例如:    I don't know the city at all and what is more, I can't speak a word of the language.    You are not quite fit for this kind of work, if I may say so.    I would rather not go, if you don't mind.    总之, 插入语的种类繁多, 用得也较普遍, 在句子中的位置也较灵活, 它对于我们理解句义和正确解题有时起着重要的作用,需要我们在英语学习中不断留心注意。   参考文献:   [1]葛传?,陆谷孙,薛诗绮.新英汉词典M.上海:上海译文出版社,1979.   [2]简清国,林茂竹.英汉多功能词典M.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1997.   [3]李陆桂,刘小娜,李佩莲.高中英语语法大全M.桂林:广西师范大学出版社,1998.
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官方公共微信英语长难句中的插入语 - 高中英语课堂教学中遇到长难句该怎么办 - 徐州市教育科学规划办公室课题管理中心
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英语长难句中的插入语
23:51:35 | By: 13毛广州 ]
英语中的插入语是安插在一个完整句子中的独立成分。它可以放在句首,句中或者句末。它即不影响所在句子的结构也不做所在句子的任何成分。通常情况下我们用逗号把它和所在句分开。插入语在句子通常起到对句子做出一些附加的解释说明的作用,比如,表明态度,强调观点看法,或者是引起别人的注意等等;插入语也可以起到承上启下的作用,从而使句子在逻辑上显得更严密。
因为长难句是一种独立于句子之外的成分,那么在分析长难句时我们可以先把它找出来放在一边,从而使句子变短,更易于理解。
那么英语里哪些成分可以作为插入语呢?知道这些成分我们就可以根据插入语和句子之间有逗号隔开的这个特点来找到插入语,从而简化句子。
1.插入语可以是一个形容词或者形容词短语。
比如,funny,excellent,true,most important of all,strange to say,worse still 等。
important of all, you have got the valuable experience
2.插入语可以是一个副词。
如,frankly,obviously,generally,luckily,fortunately,personally,honestly,briefly 等。
Luckily, I passed the driving
Obviously,he did know that
3.像whether,either 这样的连词后加上相应的词也可以作为插入语。
here,whether
men or women,must obey the rules
satellite is an object, either natural or man-made,which
in an orbit round another object in space.
卫星是一种物体,或是天然的,或是人造的,它围绕太空另一物体在轨道上运行。[1]
以上三种插入语相对简单,在长难句中我们可以轻易的将他们找到。
3.介词短语作插入语
常见有 on the other hand,as a matter of fact,in a word, in other words,on the contrary,by the way,in fact,in the first place,of course,to one’s surprise等。
on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost,
this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in
turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the products.句中 on the other hand 是插入语,this 指 producing more of a commodity. Which 定语从句修饰前面整个句子[2]
do you think we can’t pass the test, on the contrary, we did it.句中on the contrary 是插入语,表示和前面的结果相反。
4.不定式作为插入语。
如,to make things worse, to be honest,to tell you the truth,to be sure, to sum up 等。
I nearly posted it to Germany,but,to tell you the truth,I didn’t want to spend money on a stamp.有一次我差点把它寄到德国去。老实对您说,我不愿花钱去买邮票。[1]
5.分词短语作为插入语。
considering,
generally speaking, judging from/by, talking of, putting in mildly (客气点说)等。
from what he said, he must have experienced the war
6.独立的句子也可以作为插入语。
常见的有,I think/hope/know/believe/suppose, I am afraid, you see/know, that
is to say, believe it or not, it is said等。
also know there are known unknowns, that is to say, we know there are something
we do not know.
我们也知道有一些已知的未知,也就是说,有一些东西我们还不知道。
it or not, I did it all by myself
7.if从句其实省略形式可以作为插入语
plays the basketball as well as, if not better than, you.句中if not better than 是插入语。这类插入语 if后通常比较级。
have been to the USA as many as, if not more than, 10 times
Successful
analysis of one protein, if applied to medicine development, can greatly
shorten a new medicine’s research and development time and improve its quality.
对于一种蛋白质的成功分析,如果被用于药物,那么讲可以缩短新药的研发时间并可以提高它的质量。
本句中,if applied to medicine development 是插入语,can
shorten and improve 是谓语动词。
8.定语从句中的插入语
the tray is jackfruit, which the farmer said is the heaviest fruit, weighing more than 30 kilograms
在which后的定语从句中夹着一个插入语,即 the farmer said
invited all the boys in his class who he knew were friendly to him to his
birthday party在who引导的定语从句中 he knew 作为从句中的插入语
9.在疑问句中的插入语
do you think is the most beautiful girl in your class?
句中do you think 是插入语,疑问词要放在插入语的前面。类此的结构还有,do
you say/believe/expect/suppose/imagine等。
知道了英语中插入语的基本形式后,结合分析长难句的其他一些技巧我们来看下面的几个句子。
new policy, if approved and carried out, from a visionary point of view, is
certainly anticipated to bring more benefit to the locals.去掉句中插入语 if approved
and carried 和 from a visionary point of view后句子结构就会变得很清晰。
2.Those, unaware of what is
happening in society today,& may be
surprised to learn that few academic philosophers study health, happiness and
so on.去掉句中插入语unaware of what is happening in society
today后,句子的意思便很容易理解了。
basic knowledge of the stock market introduced by the recently published book,
if advertised by the press, will appeal to the youth, especially those who want
to become rich overnight.此句中有两个插入语if advertised by the press,especially those
who want to become rich overnight去掉这两个插入语后,句子结构立刻变得清晰明了。[2]
[1]田丽亚,考试周刊,2011年 41期
[2]杨雄,英语长难句结构分析, 华东理工大学出版社 2012.1
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