英语语法问题
英语语法问题
什么是虚拟语气?他的基本句式是什么 ?
虚拟语气，对过去虚拟，从句用过去完成时
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测， 建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
If I were you, I'd take them away.
如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。
If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him.
如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉了他了。
If I had time. I could come to help you.
如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。
He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.
他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。
He speaks to us as if he had been there.
他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
虚拟语气的用法
1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。
May you be happy.
祝你幸福。
May you have a good time.
祝愿你玩的痛快。
May the friendship between us last long.
祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
Have a good journey!
祝愿你旅途愉快！
You go out！
2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气， 宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望，要求。
I wish she would be on my side.
我希望她能站在我一边。
I wish I could help him.
我希望我能帮助他。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.
他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，"should" 可以省略。
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.
他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形
It's necessary that we should have a walk now.
我们有必要出去散散步。
It's natural that she should do so.
她这样做是很自然的。
It's important that we should take good care of the patient.
重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在，过去和将来。
与现在事实相反的：
条件从句 结果从句
If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。
与过去事实相反的：
条件从句 结果从句
If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。
If I were you, I should buy it.
如果我是你，我就买了它。
If I had time, I would study French.
如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。
If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.
如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.
如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。
If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.
如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。
有关虚拟语气的几个问题：
1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。
Were she younger, she would do it .
如果她年青点， 她就会干的。
Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her.
如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。
2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。
I could help you.
我本来可以帮助你。
If I had time.
我要有时间该多好啊。
She should have come to the party.
她应该来参加聚会。
If he had much more money.
如果他有更多的钱就能...。
3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
差不多了~~~：）
其他回答 (2)
高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理概述　　英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问，可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中；祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。 　　虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。如： 　　He is honest. 他很诚实。 （陈述语气） 　　Don‘t be late next time. 下次别迟到。 （祈使语气） 　　If I were you ，I would not go. 我要是你，我就不会去。 （虚拟语气） 　　I wish I had a lot of money. 要是我有很多很多钱就好了。 （虚拟语气） 　　 编辑本段第一类　　虚拟语气在条件句中的用法： 　　条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，此时主句不用虚拟语气；而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生，此时用虚拟语气。如： 　　If I have time，I will go. 假若我有时间，我就去。 （陈述语气） If I were you，I would go. 假若我是你，我就去。 （虚拟语气 ） 　　
主句谓语形式
条件句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反
would/should/could/might+ V原
动词过去式 did *be 多用were　
1. If I were you, I should study English. 2. I would certainly go if I had time.
与过去事实相反
would/should/could/might + have done
动词过去完成式 had done
1. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test. 2. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
与将来事实相反
would/should/could/might + V原
①动词过去式 ②should +V原 ③were + to do　
1.If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. ① 2. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.③
*规律总结：从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if从句就用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时（即过去的过去）
注：特别说明 　　1、l would/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后；would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较： 　　If you tried again ，you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。 (would表结果) 　　If you tried again， you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。 (might表可能) 　　If you tried again ，you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力) 　　2、错综时间虚拟条件句 即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整： 　　If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。 　　You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。 　　3、If虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句） 常考两个句型：If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如： 　　If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。 　　If it hadn’t been for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded. 　　=But for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded. 　　=Without your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded. 　　4、If虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were, had, should置于句首。例： 　　Were I in school again (= If I were in school again), I would work harder. 　　Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)
使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句： 　　1.*wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较： 　　（1） We hope they will come. (We don’t know if they can come.) 　　（2） We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.) 　　2.if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同： 　　If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。 　　If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。 　　If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了! 　　*if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。 　　3.l would rather后句子用虚拟语气 只分现在和过去 　　在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气， 表示"宁愿做什么" ，具体用法为： 　　①　一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望 　　I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。 　　②　用过去完成时表过去的愿望 　　I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。 　　4.l as if (though)从句用虚拟语气 　　以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同，例： 　　He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。 　　They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。 　　He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。 　　注：两点说明 　　(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气： 　　It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。 　　(2) 注意 It isn’t as if…的翻译： 　　It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。 编辑本段第三类　　从句中should+动词原形，should可省略 　　1. 在 lest ，for fear that( 以免) ,in case(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气 　　She walked quietly lest she (should)wake up her roommates. 她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。 　　2. 表应当做 值得做 一类动词后的宾语从句 　　建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command 　　请求ask, demand, require, request指示direct 　　敦促urge提议move, vote 　　希望desire坚持insist 　　打算intend安排arrange 　　例如： 　　I insisted that he (should)stay. 我坚持要他留下。 　　He urged that they go to Europe. 他敦促他们到欧洲去。 　　He suggested that we shouldleave early. 他建议我们早点动身。 　　He ordered that it (should)be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。 　　I ask that he leave. 我要求他走开。 　　He requires that I (should)appear. 他要求我出场。 　　I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案。 　　He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外。 　　She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。 　　The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。 　　*suggest表“暗示”insist表“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气 　　比较： 　　Heinsistedthat Ihad readhis letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。 　　Heinsistedthat I should readhis letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。 　 　　3. order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句 　　Oursuggestionis that you（ should）be the first to go． 我们的建议是你应该第一个去。 　　4.*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order 　　l “It is (was)+ 紧急 重要-- 带感情色彩 　　上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词 或 　　important,natural,strange ,necessary，surprised, appropriate等形容词 后的主语从句 　　1. It is orderedthat the army (should)get there by 4 a.m. 　　2. It is necessarythat she (should) besent there at once. 　　注：*It is necessary，important，strange，natural， advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc. ；it is a pity；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed 　　　　It’s time后的从句用虚拟语气 　　从句谓语通常用过去式表示 (早)该干某事了 　　*有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略) 　　ex. It’s time we went [were going, should go]. 我们该走了。 　　It’s time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were) 　　It's time = It is (the very/high/right/about) time　 　　至善教育将根据每位高三学生的学习方法、学习态度的不同，制定特有的学习方案，提供最全的高考英语学习策略。 编辑本段wish和as if引导的虚拟 1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望　　构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + 动词过去式 （be 一律用were） 　　例如：I wish I knew everything in the world. 　　I wish that the experiment were a success. 　　We wish we had wings. 2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望　　构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词 　　例如：I wish that you had called yesterday. 　　I wish that I could have gone with you last night. 　　I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I had been there. 3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望　　构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词 　　例如：I wish that he could try again. 　　I wish that someday I should live on the moon. 　　We wish that they would come soon. 　　II. AS IF 引出的虚拟。 　　As if….表好像……我们经常会利用一下句型来表达不能实现的虚拟状态：It is as if……。 (就好象是……) 　　As if + 从句， 主句。 （好像…… Sb.+ do…）表达一种假设的条件。而 As if 之后的假设内容的语法结构和wish虚拟的结构一样。 　　L. 33 A Day to Remember 中原句， “As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives.” 就利用了和现在事实相反的假设虚拟。北京新东方名师指出，要善于总结出一些学习语法的技巧，如利用对比，举例等方法进行学习。 　　注：Something is to happened，I'm to face it。 编辑本段注意事项：　　使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点： 　　1．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： 　　If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. 　　　　2．if 省略句 　　在条件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首 , 变为倒装句式。如： 　　If I were at school again, I would study harder. 　　→ Were I at school again, I would study harder. 　　　　If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 　　→ Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 　　注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：我们可以说：Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 但不能说：Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now. 　　3．用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： 　　What would you do with a million dollars? ( = if you had a million dollars) 　　We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help. ( = if we hadn't got your help) 　　But for the rain ( = If it hadn't been for the rain ), we would have finished the work. 　　4．含蓄条件句 　　有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。 　　I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. (副词) 　　He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词) 　　A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. （定语从句） 　　I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词) 　　Everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly. (独立主格结构) 　　混合型与含蓄型虚拟语气 　　1。混合型虚拟语气： 　　当虚拟条件从句与结果主语所表达的时间不一致时，被称为“混合条件句”，这种虚拟语气被称为“混合型虚拟语气”，动词的形式要根据它所表达的时间作相应调整。如： 　　If you had followedthe doctor's advice ,he would be all right now.(条件从句表达的时间是过去，因此用had+过去分词；主句表示的时间是现在，因此用would+动词原形) 　　2.含蓄型虚拟语气： 　　有时候，虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中 　　（1）.用but for 、without(如果没有）等来代替条件从句，如 　　Without electricity human life would be quite different=If there were no electricity ,human life would be quite different 　　(2) 用otherwise、or(or else),even though等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。如： 　　I lost your address.Otherwise,I would have visited you long before. =I lost your address.If I hadn't lost your address ,I would have visited you long before. 　　(3) 虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。如： 　　He would have given you more help,but he was too busy 　　他本来会给你更多的帮助，但是他太忙了。也就是说，如果那时他不忙，他可以给你更多的帮助。句中but he was too busy实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果那时他不忙 　　He would lose weight,but he eats too much 　　他本来可以减肥的，但是他吃的太多了。也就是说，如果他吃得不多的话，他是可以减肥的。句中的but he eats too much实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果他吃得不多。
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I think that
it is my duty to help you， 又如下面.那么它们也可以这样表达吗？可以是.这个又叫什么句型, its，系如果以下几个句型是“主+谓+形式宾语+宾补+真正的宾语”？I find that it is hard to say it，语法? 吗.I believe it necessary to get up early every day. 请大家指点.I believe that
it is necessary to get up early every day？ not its servant.很多句子我会说可不是很懂句型：You must become the master of time not its servant，表了？很迷惑 it：I find it hard to say it， 考试头痛.I think it my duty to help you, 怎么变成主：You must become the master of the time not it servant
;your&#47！大家都对现在明白了，感激:my&#47！受益匪浅，脑筋没转过来弯却误想成是it is，只是看到cybereader的答案时恍然大悟。再次感谢，所以会选择这个答案;his&#47.感谢大家的耐心教导;its.，its 是‘它的’的意思;her&#47，名词性物主代词
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问题补充， 考试头痛, 怎么变成主.**************************************************很多句子我会说可不是很懂句型, its，表了，有通俗一些的解释吗? 吗如果以下几个句型是“主+谓+形式宾语+宾补+真正的宾语”，仍然迷茫？可以是，系.I believe it is necessary to get up early every day？ not its servant. 请大家指点：You must become the master of time not its servant，这是一个常见的情况外国学习英语很少会有如“主+谓+形式宾语+宾补+真正的宾语”那般的详细分析主要是讲求‘自然’那是因为日常接触多很容易就发现一些‘不自然’的情况而‘不自然’很可能就有错误如你真的是‘很多句子会说’那就试试单凭这种‘自然的’感觉来答答一些试题看看成绩可以到什麼的程度要是也可以过关便不用头痛******************************************************** 又如下面： 谢谢大家.I think it is my duty to help you：可以的也可以取消that即I find it is hard to say it.这个又叫什么句型？很迷惑 it：You must become the master of the time not it servant，语法？这里不能够用it servantnot its servant是短语(没有动词的)短语在句子中受到的规限较少一般来说只要所处的位置不导致理解错误或混淆便可以not its servant这里没有‘主语’its是(拥有)形容词意思是它的即相等於his等You must become the master of the time not its servant中的not its servant的意思是you must not become the servant of the time
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非常感谢！
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to do sth，如look.1 I think that it is very important to learn English well。意为 “它的仆人”.不可以这么简化，very important是宾补。think后跟的是一个复合宾语：1。所以也可以说.)这是一个简单句，是主系表结构的简单句：the master of time not its servant 时间的主人而非其仆人是 must become的表语.
但它还是一个复合句.
在这个句型中，前面用逗号来代替并列连词and 常见A not B这样的结构：It is +adj，it是形式宾语, 表语。但是句2，is是系动词，用的是of所有格：* I think to learn English well very important，its是其所有格意为“它的”：2。由于这个连词that既没有词义，而不是它的仆人，在从句中又不作成分, 等等,) not its servant.
(从thi句不用形式主语it)think不仅可以跟一个名词性从句作宾语？it 是人称代词（它）的主格和宾格。根据结构来分是一个简单句中的主系表结构;s servant 并列的表语。典型的系动词是Be，所以可以省略。that引导一个宾语从句, come：首先要熟悉这个句型。我们也可能说，怎么可能变成it servant呢. 第二个句子 You must become the master of time not its servant：1. 学好英语是很重要的，宾补可以是形容词，这要看你根据什么来分了。the master of time 时间的主人, grow。例如. 这就是一个简单句了.是表语。 its sevant 是代词所有格。to learn English well. 我觉得她蛮聪明的. 你一定要做时间的主人。所以句1可以简化为。你连it和its还分不清. +to do sth, turn,但还有其它一些由实义动词转化而来的系动词.是真 宾。不能说：(To learn English well is very important，你需要补一补系动词这一语法项目，还可以跟复合宾语（=宾语+宾语补足语），是陈述句。not its serant= not the time&#39。（一般根据结构吧）You must become the master of time (。原句为To do sth.2
it is very important to learn English well. is +adj。 从你第二个问题来看答。 &lt.是不定式短语作真正的主语. I think (that) to learn English well is very important，将它看成一个整体。就象you与your的区别. 是为了避免头重脚轻而请it来帮忙的, go：It is very
important to learn English well。根据功能来分，adj, feel：I thought her rather clever。You --主语must become -谓语 （become是一个系动词, sound，后跟名词作表语）the master of time。我们将它变成一个复合句.你问是什么句型. 我认为学好英语是非常重要的：I think it very important to learn English well，如;--原句为，it是形式主语
主系表结构是指谓语动词是联系动词。英文中可以做联系动词的是：be,look smell taste feel sound seem get run come go grow fall become turn die appear prove live stay keep remain等。你这个句子主语是you 谓语是must become表语是the master of time 后面not its servant是并列句，全句是but you needn't become its servant.主语是you谓语是needn't become表语是its servant句子省略后，not不能也省略所以保留下来its是物主代词作定语限定servant。 不可改成it，it是人称代词。不能做定语。
当然是可以的 ，前面一种只是更简单而已。You must become the master of time not（become） its servant.这是一个并列句， but引导的，前面一个分局和but后面的分句表示对比的关系，后面的分局省略了become 这个重复的谓语动词。改成it 是不行的 its 这里指代的是 time， but 前面用的是 master of time 表示时间的主人，but后就要用its 表示”时间的奴隶“希望帮到你
凡是it作形式宾语的句子，都可以改成宾语从句如I find it hard to say it.就等于I find
is hard to say it.但是有几个比较特殊，i take it that+从句 =i think it单数名词+has it that解释为
据。。。。说如Rumour has it that there will be a conflict between them据谣言说，他们可以会有冲突至于第二个句子 You must become the master of time not its servant就是个省略句这种表达属于英语中较高级的方法，其效果不仅起到形式上的简略，而且很有节奏感，并且有一定的感情色彩，在名言警句中是很常见的。至于这个对这个句子的分析，从句意出发就不难了，你一定要做时间的主人，而不是它的仆人master of the time 时间的主人
servant它的仆人这种用法即使在课本中出现，一般不会引起我们的注意，但是仔细回忆下，其实此类用法还是比较常见的，此类句子就是几个简单句的合并在肯定句中一般用 not在形式上对称，i am a friend of his，not his sister。=i am a friend of his，but i am not his sister在否定句中常用的是but，i am your brother ，but a friend of yours。i did not met her but saw her back ps 很多连词都有这个用法，就要看它连接的是什么成分（主谓宾定状补等）了
首先，可以那样表达，那是宾语从句，that可以省略，你写的是没省罢了，一般是省的。然后，那是主、谓、宾，it是“它”的意思，its是“它的”的意思，its和servant共同组成宾语。
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