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来源：蜘蛛抓取(WebSpider) 时间：2012-01-26 05:35 标签： social psychology
谁能帮忙把这篇英语文章翻译成汉语！重谢····
谁能帮忙把这篇英语文章翻译成汉语！重谢····
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The RepublicThe introductionThe Republic of Plato is the longest of his works with the exception of the Laws, and is certainly the greatest of them. There are nearer approachs to modern metaphysics in the Philebus and in the S the Politicus or Sta the form and institutions of the State are more clearly drawn out in the L as works of art, the Symposium and the Protagoras are of higher excellence. But n other Dialogue of Plato has the same largemess of view and the same no other shows an equal knowledge of the world, or contains more of those thoughts which are new as well as old, and not of one age only but of all. Nowhere in Plato is there a deeper irony or a greater wealth of humor imagery, or more dramatic power. Nor in any other of his writings is the attempt made to interweave life and speculation, or to connect politics with philosophy. The Republic is the centre around which the other Dial here philosophy reaches the highest point to which ancient thinkers ever attatined. Plato among the Greeks, like Bacon among the moderns, was the first who conceived a method of knowledge, although neither of them always distinguished the bare outline or form from thand both of them had to be content with an abstraction of science which was not yest realizd, He was the greatest metaphysical genius who and in him, more than in any other ancient thinker, the germs of future knowledge are contained. The sciences of logic and psychology, which have supplied so many instruments of thought to after-ages, are beased upon the analyses of Socrates and Plato. The principles of definition, the law of contradiction, the fallacy of arguing in a circle, the distinction between the essence and accidents of a thing or notion, betweenc also the division of the mind into the rational, concupiscent, and irascible elements, or of pleasures and desires into necessary and unnecessary --- these and other great forms of thought are all of them to be found in the Republic, and were probably first invented by Plato. The greatest of all logical truths, and the one of which writers on philosophy are most apt to lose sight, the difference between words and things, has been most strenuously insisted on by him, although he has not always avoided the confusion of them in his own writings. Nut he does not bind up truth in logical formulae, -- logic is still v and the science which he imagines to "contemplate all truth and all existence" is very unlike the doctrine of the syllogism which Aristotle claims to have discovered.
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理想国简介的理想国是他除了法律之外最长的作品，显然也是最伟大的作品。作品里的斐利布篇和智者篇中包含许多接近现代的形而上学；而政治家篇更加理想化；法律中国家的形式与体系无疑很冗长；作为一部艺术作品，讨论会与更加卓越。但纵观同时期乃至其整个一生，柏拉图的其他对话都不具有理想国的观点和同样完美的类型；其他的作品也没有显示出这种世界观，哪怕是涵盖了其大部分亦新亦旧的思想。其他作品也没有如此深刻的讽刺或大量的幽默，戏剧性的力量。他的其他著作没有尝试去把生存与投机交织，政治与哲学联系起来。理想国就是以另一分化的对话为中心的；这里哲学达到了古典思想的最巅峰。柏拉图之于希腊人，就好像之于现代人，都是第一个构建一种知识体系的人，虽然二者都没有从物质的本质构成中甄别出直接的概述；二者都满足于从没意识到的概念。他（柏拉图）是世人见识的最伟大的形而上学天才，在他身上，我们看到的更多的是在其他古典思想家身上没有的后来知识萌芽。多年后广泛应用于许多思想领域的和，都是建立在对苏格拉底和柏拉图的研究基础上的。定义的原则，矛盾定律，循环谬论，事物或概念的现象与本质区别。原因、结果和条件；还有将精神划分为理性，贪婪，易怒，愉快，必要和非必要的欲望等原理--------所有这些和其他杰出的思想形式都可以在理想国中找到影子，柏拉图可以算是这些的第一发明者。即使他自己有时也被他的著作弄混淆，但他依然一贯重视那些最伟大的同时也是以前哲学家最易忽略的逻辑，事物本身与人为描述之间的差异。他并不把真相限于逻辑公式中----逻辑就隐含在形而上学中。他主张的“解析一切真理和一切存在”的科学与提出的三段论教条有着截然的不同。
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