情态动词一般过去式时态及变化_百度知道
情态动词一般过去式时态及变化
（肯定句，否定句，疑问句和回答）举例比如:肯定：（构成）——————————例：———————————————
提问者采纳
can的过去式是couldI could lend you some money.I couldn't lend you some money.Could you lend me some money?Yes, I could.No, I coudn't.过去式的用法和原形是一样的。变否定直接加not，变疑问直接提前。【希望解决了您的疑惑。不懂请追问，满意请采纳~】
请写下结构，谢谢
什么结构，不都给你写完了吗？could+动词原形，按照例句看。
提问者评价
其他类似问题
为您推荐：
其他2条回答
1.概念：　　过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；　　 2.时间状语：　　ago（two hours ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), 具体时间, just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), etc. 　　3.动词变化规则：　　规则变化：　　直接加ed，　　work-- worked ,　　以e结尾的单词，直接加d，　　make~·made不规则变化：　　have/has -- had,eat--ate ,see--saw　　 4.基本结构：　　主语+动词过去式+其他　　 5.否定形式：　　did+not+do+其他;　 6.一般疑问句：　　did+主语+do+其他？　　 7.例句：　　She often came to help us in those days. 　　I didn't know you were so busy.　　 8.一般...
真心不明白你说的是什么意思
就是情态动词过去式的用法
等待您来回答
下载知道APP
随时随地咨询
出门在外也不愁The assistant( B)her did not like the way she was dressed.A served B serving C who serving D was serving为什么选的是B.A不是更正确吗,它是过去式啊,而跟B有什么关系啊什么事所谓的后置定语?_作业帮
The assistant( B)her did not like the way she was dressed.A served B serving C who serving D was serving为什么选的是B.A不是更正确吗,它是过去式啊,而跟B有什么关系啊什么事所谓的后置定语?
The assistant( B)her did not like the way she was dressed.A served B serving C who serving D was serving为什么选的是B.A不是更正确吗,它是过去式啊,而跟B有什么关系啊什么事所谓的后置定语?
serving是做定语的 .对名词的一种解释 ,served 后面一般跟by sb.做被动下面是对后置定语的解释：后置定语
形容词是表示人或事物的性质、特征或属性的一类词.它在句中可以充当定语,对名词起修饰、描绘作用,还可以充当表语、宾语补足语等.形容词作定语修饰名词时,一般放在被修饰的名词之前,称作前置定语.但有时也可放在被修饰的名词之后,称作后置定语.
1. 当形容词修饰由every-、some-、any-、no-加body、one、thing等构成的复合不定代词时须后置.例如：
Have you ever met anyone famous ?
你曾经见过名人吗?
He did everything possible to help us .
他做了一切可能做的来帮助我们.
There is something wrong with the computer .
这台电脑出毛病了.
注意：若something 前面有定冠词修饰,形容词不用后置.例如：There , on the table , was the mysterious something that they had been looking for . 看,在桌子上,正是他们一直孜孜以求的神秘的东西.
2. 形容词组作定语须后置,其功能相当于一个定语从句.例如：
_________ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills .
A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students
C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
They are the boys easiest to teach . 他们是最容易教的孩子.（划线部分相当于who are easiest to teach）
The basket full of some fruits belongs to the old woman . 盛满各种水果的这个篮子是这位老妇人的.（划线部分相当于which is full of some fruits ）
Those brave enough to take the course must be the top students in the grade . 那些敢于选修这门课程的学生一定是本年级的尖子生.（划线部分相当于who are brave enough）
3. 两个形容词用and 或or连接作定语,进一步说明被修饰名词的作用,此时须后置.例如：
Power stations , large and small , have been set up all over the country . 大大小小的水电站已经在全国各地兴建起来了.（划线部分相当于which are large and small）
Every book , new or old , should be put in the room . 不论新书还是旧书都应该放在这个房间里.（划线部分相当于which are new or old）
4. 形容词else常位于不定代词或疑问代词后作定语.例如：
Anything else I can do for you ? 我能为你做些别的事情吗?
What else did they say ? 他们还说了些什么?
5. 形容词比较等级结构修饰名词时须后置.例如：
The Smiths need a car garage twice larger than this one . 史密斯夫妇需要一个比这个大一倍的车库.
He has booked the seat farthest from the door on the train for us . 他已经为我们预定了火车上离车门最远的座位.
6. “基数词+表示时间或度量单位的名词+形容词”结构可用来修饰名词,起定语作用.此时,该类结构的词组须后置.例如；
Yesterday , a Mr Brown , 28 years old , came to visit you . 昨天,一位二十八岁,自称是布朗先生的人来拜访过你.
There used to be a tall building about 50 metres high . 过去,这里曾经有一座大约50米高的大楼.
7. 部分以a-开头的表语形容词,如：alive , alike , alone , awake 等,有时也可以作定语修饰名词.此时,须将该形容词置于被修饰的名词之后.例如：
She was the only person awake at that night . 她是那天晚上惟一一个醒着的人.
You are the happiest children alive . 你们是当代最幸福的孩子.
8. 形容词responsible 作“可信赖的；可靠的”解时,作前置定语；作“有责任的；应负责的”解时,须作后置定语.例如：
He is a responsible man . 他是一个可以信赖的人.
The man responsible should be their manager . 负责任的应该是他们的经理.
9. 形容词present 作“现在的；目前的；现存的”解时,作前置定语；作“出席的；在场的”解时,须作后置定语.例如：
What is your present address ? 你现在的住址是什么?
The present international situation is excellent . 当前的国际形势一片大好.
The professors present at the meeting came from Shandong University . 出席这次会议的教授们来自山东大学.
The students present welcomed the decision . 在场的学生都欢迎那个决议.
10. 形容词worth构成的词组作定语时,常常后置.例如：
In 1626 the island of Manhattan was bought from local Indians , Natives Americans , for a handful of goods worth $24 . 曼哈顿岛是于1626年从当地的印第安人（即美洲土著人）手中买来的,只花了价值约为24美元的为数不多的货物.
A car worth $ 80,000 is not too dear for him to buy . 对他来讲,买一辆价值八万美元的车不算太贵.（划线部分相当于which / that is worth $ 8,000）
The tall building worth 200,000 dollars in all has been sold to a foreigner . 总计达20万美元的高楼已经卖给了一位外国人.
11.动词不定式作后置定语表示要做的事（尚未发生）,常与名词有动宾关系,不及物动词加介词.
1. 表示将要发生的动作,有时根据句意需要加上介词,这时介词不能省略,因为被修饰的名词是它的宾语.
例The farmers thought of ways to protect their crops.
We have only a small cold room to live in.
2. 用于修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词.
例 Marie Curie became the first woman in France to be a university professor.
She was the first person in the word to receive two Nobel Prize.
He was the best man to do the job.
3. 根据不同的句意,不定式可用主动语态或被动语态.
例 Have you got anything to post? (post的动作执行者是“你”)
Have you got anything to be posted?(post的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)
There are some plates to wash (to be washed).欢迎来到高考学习网
免费咨询热线：400-606-3393
当前位置： & 高三英语复习：英语必备经典句型
高三英语复习：英语必备经典句型
发布时间：浏览人数：235
&&& 为高中同学总结归纳了高中英语常用经典句型，以下为高中英语常用必备常用句型有助于英语水平的提高，对于高考英语写作有很大帮助的。
　　1.assoonas&一&就&=directly/immediately/instantly&
　　=thesecond/theminute/themoment/theinstant&
　　Eg.Hecamearoundtoseemeassoonas/themoment/immediatelyhecheckedinthehotel.
　　他刚一入住宾馆就来看我.
　　Theyinformedusthenewsimmediately/directlytheygotit.
　　他们一得到消息就通知了我们.
　　Thepolicemancametothespotthemoment/theinstant/theminutesheheardoftheaccident.一听说事故，这位警察就到了现场.
　　2.&.before&.
　　(1).没来得及&就&
　　Therooffellbeforehehadtimetodashintotheroomtosavehisbaby.
　　他还没有来得及冲进房间把孩子就出来，房顶就塌了.
　　HeranoffbeforeIcouldstophim.
　　Tomygreatdisappointment，myfavoritesingerlefttheconcertbeforeIcouldhaveawordwithhim.
　　(2).过了多久才怎么样，动作进行到什么程度才怎样
　　Theywalkedaboutthirtymilestothewestbeforetheysawavillage.
　　Theyworkeddayandnightaboutthreedaysbeforeeverythingreturnedtonormal.
　　ThreeyearspassedbeforeIknewit.
　　3.Itwas+时间段+before&.过了多久才&.；
　　Itwasnotlongbefore&不久就&
　　Itwill(not)be+时间段+before&要过多久(不久)&..才&..
　　Eg.Itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.
　　Itwasthreeyearsbeforehecameback.
　　Itwillbehalfayearbeforeyougraduatefromthisschool.
　　4.nosooner&than&=hardly&when&一&就&.，刚刚&就&
　　Nosooner/hardly+过去完成时，than/when+一般过去时
　　如果nosooner，hardly位于句首，主句要倒装.
　　HehadhardlysatdowntohavearestwhenthedoorbellrangandincameAllan.
　　Nosoonerhadhegotoffthetrainthanhisdaughterrantowardshim.
　　Hardlyhadwearrivedwhenshestartedcryingtogohome.
　　5.once一旦&.，表示时间和条件
　　Onceyouunderstandthisrule，youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.
　　Onceyouhavedecidedtodosomething，youshoulddoitwell.
　　Onceyouenterthechemistrylab，youshouldfollowtheteacher&sinstructions.
　　6.since&自从&.以来
　　Since引导的从句不论是延续性或非延续性动词，都表示的是动作或状态的完成或结束.
　　注意一下句子翻译：
　　SincehelivedinNanjing，Ihavenotheardfromhim.(=sinceheleftNanjing&)
　　自从他离开南京以来，我没有收到过他的信.
　　SinceshewasinYangzhou，shehaskeptintouchwithherformerfriends.(sincesheleftYangzhou&)
　　她离开扬州以来，一直同过去的朋友保持着联系.
　　对比：
　　1).Ihaveneverseenhimsincehewasill.
　　他病好后，我就再也没有见到他.
　　2).Ihaveneverseenhimsincehefellill.
　　他生病以后我就再也没有见过他.
　　Itis/(hasbeen)+时间段+since+过去式
　　Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincehisfatherdied.
　　=hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.=hisfatherdiedtwoyearsago.
　　他的父亲去世两年了.
　　Ithasbeen8yearssinceIgraduatedfromuniversity.
　　=Igraduatedfromuniversity8yearsago.
　　Itis3yearssincehesmoked.他三年不吸烟了.(即，从句动词延续性的，译成否定意义；从句动词非延续性的，译成肯定意义.)
　　Itis3yearssinceheleftschool.-----他毕业三年了.
　　7&.until&直到&时候；not&until&直到&才&
　　Youaretostayhereuntil/tillyourmothercomesback.
　　Themeetingwasputoffuntilteno&clock.
　　NotuntilwewatchedtheEarthDayprogramonTVdidweknowmuchaboutglobalwarning.
　　=WedidnotknowmuchaboutglobalwarninguntilwewatchedtheEarthDayprogram.
　　=ItwasnotuntilwewatchedtheEarthDayprogramonTVthatweknewmuchaboutglobalwarming.
　　Notuntilhefailedintheexamdidherealizethathehadwastedmuchtimeplayingcomputergames.
　　8.&when&引导并列分句，&当时，突然&，强调另一动作的突然发生.
　　OnedayChuckwasonaflightacrossthePacificOceanwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashed.Chucksurvivedthecrashandlandedonadesertedisland.
　　IwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenIheardadrowningboycryingforhelp.
　　Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.
　　对比：A：IwaswalkingalongthestreetwhenIcaughtsightofatailor&sshop.
　　B：Iwaswalkingalongthestreets.JustatthatmomentIcaughtsightofatailor&sshop.
　　9.while=although尽管
　　WhileIadmitthattheproblemisdifficult，Idon&tthinkthatitcan&tbesolved.
　　WhileIadmithisgoodpoints，Icanseehisshortcomings.
　　WhileIwasangrywithher，Ididn&tlosemytemper.
　　10.where地点状语
　　Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.
　　Persistentpeoplebegintheirsuccesswhereothersendinfailure.
　　Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.
　　Wheremenaregreedy，thereisneverpeace.
　　Gowhereyoushould，keeponstudying.
　　11.as引导的行为方式状语从句.
　　Pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays.
　　YoumustdotheexercisesjustasIshowyou
　　Asitis=asthingsare照现在的情形看
　　Hepromisedtostudyhard，butasitis，hedoesnobetterthanbefore.
　　Leavethehouseasitis.I&dliketobuyitasitis.
　　12.asif(asthough)好像
　　HelookedatmeasifIweremad.
　　Hewasingreattrouble，butheactedif/thoughnothinghadhappened.
　　Althoughtheyjustmetforthefirsttime，theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsformanyyears.
　　Theremanyblackcloudsinthesky.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.
　　13.though，although，as&虽然&，引导让步状语从句.
　　Although位于句首；though位于句首或句中；as位于句中=though=that，它的词序是把句中强调的形容词，副词，动词或名词放在连词前.注意观察下列句式变化：
　　Although/ThoughI&myoung，IalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttofollow.
　　=Youngas/though/thatIam，IalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttofollow.
　　AlthoughIrespecthimverymuch，Icannotagreewithhisidea.
　　=Muchas/that/thoughIrespecthim，Icannotagreewithhisidea.
　　Although/thoughheisachild，heknowsalotofChinesecharacters.
　　=Childas/though/thatheis，heknowsalotofChinesecharacters.
　　Althoughhetried，hecouldn&tsolvetheproblem.
　　=Tryashemight，hecouldn&tsolvetheproblem.
　　Althoughitisraining，Iamgoingoutforawalk.
　　=Rainingasitis，Iamgoingoutforawalk.
　　14.evenif=eventhough即使&也&；即便&也&
　　Evenif/thoughIhavetosellmyhouse，I&llkeepmybusinessgoing.
　　Shewon&tattendsuchpartieseventhough/ifsheisinvited.
　　Youarenotstupid.Eventhough/ifyouwereslowinstudy，youshouldn&tgiveupstudies.
　　Theboywasbadlyinjuredanddiedatlast.Evenifhehadbeenattendedwithoutdelay，
　　hecouldn&thavebeensaved.
　　15.whether&or&不管&还是&
　　Whethertheweatherisgoodorbad，theywillsetoffastheyplanned.
　　Whetherhedrivesortakesthetrain，hewillbehereontime.
　　Anyperson，whetheryoungorold，hashisworth，independentofachievements，bankaccountsorlooks.
　　16.疑问词+ever
　　Whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever，wherever，whoever均引导让步状语从句，相当于nomatter与what，who，which，when，where，how连用.
　　Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)mayhappen，weshallnotlosehope.
　　Whoever/Nomatterwhocomes，hewillbewelcome.
　　Whenever/Nomatterwhenithappened，itwascertainlynotyesterday.
　　Wherever/Nomatterwherehewent，hemadefriendswithpeople.
　　17.unless除非，如果不(=if&not)
　　Ishallgotomorrowunlessitrains.
　　------ShallTomgoandplayfootball？
　　------Notunlesshehasfinishedhishomework.
　　Unlessthesunweretoriseinthewest，Iwouldn&tbreakmyword.
　　Iwon&tattendhisbirthdaypartyunlessinvited(=unlessIaminvited)
　　18.as/solongas只要
　　So/aslongasyoukeepontrying，youwillsurelysucceed.
　　So/aslongasyousticktoyourplansforyourstudy，youaresuretomakegreatprogress.
　　-----Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon？
　　-----Iwillprobablygoforawalklateronsolongasitstaysfine.
　　19.supposing/suppose(that)假定；假如
　　Suppose/supposing(that)Idon&thaveadayoff，whatshallwedo？
　　Supposexequalstoy，thenyoucanworkouttheresult.
　　Providing/provided(that)=onconditionthat假如，在&条件下
　　I&lllendyouthemoneyonconditionthatyoucanreturnitinthreemonths.
　　I&llgoproviding/providedthatmyexpensesarepaid.
　　20.given(that)&=take&.intoconsideration鉴于，考虑到
　　Giventhegovernment&srecordonunemployment，theirchancesofwinningtheelectionlookpoor.
　　Giventheirinterestinchildren/giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren，Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.
　　Grantedthat的确
　　Grantedthatit&sasplendidcar，buthaveyouseenwhatitcosts？
　　21.incasethat&万一；以防；incaseof+n万一
　　Incase(that)Johncomes/shouldcome，pleasetellhimtowait.
　　(incasethat后谓语用一般现在时或should+动词原型)
　　PleaseremindmeaboutitincaseIforget/shouldforget.
　　Pleasetakemyumbrellaincase(that)itrains/shouldrain.
　　Incaseoffire，whatshouldwedo？
　　22.祈使句(表条件)+orelse/or/otherwise+主句(表结果)&.否则&，要不然&.
　　Pleasecallmeupbeforeyoucome，otherwise/orelse/orwemightbeout.
　　Hurryup，oryouwillbelate.
　　祈使句(表条件)+and+主句(表结果)
　　Givehimaninchandhewilltakeamile.
　　Beunitedandcooperatewitheachotherandonlyinthiswaycanwesaveourearth.
　　23.as(so)&as&和&一样
　　HenryisasgoodaplayerasPeter(is).
　　Heworkedasfastasaskilledworker(did).
　　Wewillgiveyouasmuchhelpaswecan.
　　24.形容词/副词比较级+than
　　注意：形容词和副词的比较级前还可以加一个表示程度的修饰语，常用的修饰语是：
　　(1).alittle，abit，slightly稍微；一些
　　(2).Much，alot，greatly，agreatdeal，far，byfar&.得多
　　(3).Still，even，rather更
　　(4).Any一般用于疑问句，表示&一些&；&稍微&
　　(5).倍数或数量词.
　　Thistextisalittle(abit)moredifficultthantheother.
　　Hehasmadefargreaterprogressthistermthanhedidlastterm.
　　Withthedevelopmentofsociety，peopleinChinaareagooddealricherthanbefore.
　　Heistwoyearsolderthan=heisolderthanIbytwoyears.
　　AsiaisthreetimeslargerthanEurope.
　　=AsiaisthreetimesaslargeasEurope.
　　=AsiaisthreetimesthesizeofEurope.
　　还应注意，当more作为many，much的比较级时，其修饰语分别是
　　(1).many，afew，+more+可数名词复数
　　(2)much，alittle，abit，agreatdeal+more+不可数名词
　　(3).alot，some，far，any+more+可数或不可数均可，more译作&另外&
　　I&vemadealot(many)moremistakesthanyou&ve
　　Hehasbuiltupalargebusinessandearnedmuchmoremoneythanbefore.
　　25.byfar最&.；比&.得多
　　注意：byfar既可修饰比较级又可修饰最高级，注意byfar在句中的位置.
　　Heworkedharderbyfarthanhiselderbrother.
　　Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobasketballplayers.
　　Heisbyfarthetallestofalltheplayersontheteam.
　　Hisexplanationisbyfarclearerthantheoldone.
　　26.the+比较级&.，the+比较级&&越&，越&..
　　Themoreyouneed，thebetteryouunderstand.
　　Thehigherupyougo，thecolderitbecomes.
　　Abodyweighslessthefurtheritgetsfromthesurfaceoftheearth.
　　=Thefurtheritgetsfromthesurfaceoftheearth，thelessthebodyweights.
　　Thesooner，thebetter.
　　27.no+比较级+than表示&A和B都不&&&
　　Not+比较级+than表示&A不如B&&&
　　Thisbookisnomoreinterestingthanthatone.
　　HeworksnoharderthanI.他和我都不用功.
　　Hedoesn&tworkharderthanI.他不如我用功
　　Morethan不仅仅nomorethan只不过，仅仅notmorethan=atmost不多于
　　Therearenomorethantenstudentsintheclassroom.
　　Therearenotmorethantenstudentsintheclassroom.
　　Heisnomorethanachild，soIdon&ttakehimtooseriously.
　　Inourstudents&eyes，heismorethanateacher，heismorelikeourfriend.
　　More+adj/n+than+adj/n与其说&&倒不如说&&
　　Heismoreofastudentthanofateacher.与其说他是个老师，倒不如说他是个学生.
　　Heismorediligentthanclever.与其说他聪明，倒不如说他勤奋.
　　28.superior较高的，上好的，出众的，高傲的
　　Senior年长的，资格较老的，地位较高的，高级的
　　Junior年少的，下级的，和to搭配
　　Thiswesternrestaurantissuperiortotheonewewenttolastweek.
　　Heisthreeyearsjuniortome=Heisjuniortomethreeyears.
　　Sheisseniortoeveryoneelseinthecompany.
　　29.so+adj/adv+that；such(a/an)+adj+that&如此&..以至于&..&引导结果状语从句.
　　HisEnglishwassolimitedthathecouldn&tunderstandwhatthenativespeakerssaid.
　　Hewassodevotedtohisstudentsthatheoftenfellillfromoverworking.
　　Itwassuchwarmweatherthatwewentswimming.
　　Tabletennisissuchapopulargamethatpeopleallovertheworldplayit.
　　还应注意：
　　(1)当名词前有many/much/few/little修饰时，
　　用so+n=that结构.即somany/much/few/little+n+that&
　　Thereweresomanypeopleinthestreetwatchingthefirethatfirefighterscouldn&tgetclosetothebuilding.
　　TheWesternerseatsomuchfatandsugarthattheyputonweighteasily.
　　Thecountryhassolittlecoalthatithastoimportlargequantitiesofcoal.
　　Therearesofewfishinthepoolthatwecan&tfishthemeasily.
　　(2)such+a/an+adj.+n+that=so+adj.+a/an+n+that
　　Heissuchanhonestpersonthatyoucandependonhimwhenyou&reintrouble.
　　Heissohonestapersonthatyoucandependonhimwhenyou&reintrouble.
　　(3)由so&that和such&that引导的结果状语从句的倒装结构.当so和其后的形容词或副词；such连词后的名词放在句首时，主句使用倒装结构
　　Suchgreatprogresshashemadeinhisstudiesthatwealladmirehim.
　　(4)such&that句型的特殊性：such后可以不出现adj和n，也可以倒装.
　　Hisbehaviorwassuchthatallhisfriendsdesertedhim.
　　=Suchwashisbehaviorthatallhisfriendsdesertedhim.
　　Theforceoftheexplosionwassuchthatallthewindowswerebroken.
　　=Suchwastheforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken.
　　30.inorderthat；sothat(为了&.)引导目的状语从句
　　Hegotupearlyinorderthat/sothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.
　　Heclosedallthewindowswhiledrivingsothatheshouldn&tcatchcold.
　　(sothat否定句要用shouldn&t)
　　Sothat引导结果状语从句
　　对比：(1).hesetoffearly，sothathecaughtthefirstbus.
　　(2).hesetoffearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.
　　31.soasto/inorderto/to为了.作目的状语
　　Hewenthometoseehismother.
　　Heshoutedandwavedsoastobenoticed.
　　Johnhurriedsoasnottobelatefortheparty.
　　Modernequipmentisfittedinourclassroomforallthestudentstostudywell.
　　Theletterwasreadoutforallinthecourttohear.
　　注意：todo/inordertodo可放在句首，soasto不可
　　(1)._____lateinthemorning，Bobturnedoffthealarm.
　　A.HavingsleptB.TosleepC.SleepingD.Sleep
　　(2).-------Dad，Whydoyoubuysomanytapesformetolistento？
　　-----______yourlistening.
　　A.ImproveB.ImprovingC.HavingimprovedD.Toimprove
　　(3).Dowhateveryoucould_____him.
　　A.helpB.tohelpC.helpingD.helping
　　注意：只有不定式todo/inordertodo/soastodo可以作目的状语
　　Onlytodo表示未曾料到的愉快或不愉快的结果：
　　Shewokeearlyonlytofinditwasraining.
　　Hegothomeonlytolearnthathisfatherwasill.
　　Hegottothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.
　　&Liftingarockonlytodropitonone&sfeet&isaChinesefolksaying.
　　ShehurriedbackonlytofindheroldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim.
　　对比：
　　现在分词表示主句动作所造成的结果：
　　Hewascaughtintherain，thuscatchingcold.
　　Theircarwascaughtinthetrafficjam，thuscausingthedelay.
　　Todo作结果状语：(表示不愉快或意外结果)
　　Hemustbedeafnottohearthat.他聋得听不见.
　　Shewentabroadnevertoreturn.她出国了，结果再也没回来.
　　32.so+adj/adv+asto如此&以至于&作结果状语：
　　Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle？
　　Hewassofoolishastobelievesuchaman.
　　Such&..asto如此&以至于&作结果状语：
　　Don&tbesoupset，myillnessisnotsuchastocauseanxiety.
　　Heissuchafoolastothinkthatheissomebodyandinfluenceothers.
　　他愚蠢地认为他是个了不起的大人物，可以影响其他人.
　　33.&.enoughto&.作结果状语，&足够&可以&&
　　Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.
　　Toourgreatsurprise，childasheis，heisboldenoughtorobpassers-by.
　　Weareoldenoughtomakeagreatdifferencetotheworld.
　　Thechampionranwellenoughtosetupanotherworldrecordindeedifshehadtriedharder.
　　她的确跑得相当快，不过要是她再努力一些，作为冠军就会再次创造一个世界记录.
　　34.too&to作结果状语，&太&.而不能&
　　Inmyopinion，theproblemwithmoststudentsliesinthefactthattheyaretooshytospeakEnglishinpublic.
　　Wearenevertoooldtolearn.
　　Heistooclevernottoreadourtricks.他非常聪明完全可以识破我们的诡计.
　　35.can&t/cannever和too，toomuch，enough，over搭配表示&无论怎样&&都不过分&
　　Whileyouaredoingyourhomework，youcan&tbecarefulenough.
　　Heissuchagreatmanthatwecan&tpraisehimtoomuch.
　　ThedevelopmentofsocietyhasmadeitnecessaryforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish，sowecan&toveremphasizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.
　　Sinceit&sagoodthing，wecan&tdoittoosoon.
　　36.不定式作主语，it作形式主语
　　It+系动词(be，seem&.)+adj/n+(forsb)+todosth.
　　It&simportantforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.
　　It&sourdutytohelpothers.
　　It&sapleasure(forus)togopicnickinginsuchpleasantweather.
　　It&snormalfortheprofessionalworkersthesedaystoprefertoliveinthecountryside.
　　It&sapityfortheretobeanydisagreementinthefamily.
　　It+系动词(be，seem&.)+adj/n+(ofsb)+todosth.(adj.表示了人物的品质特征)
　　Itishonestofhimtoreturnallthemoneytotheloser.
　　Howrudeofhimtotreatachildlikethat！=It&srudeofhimtotreatachildlikethat.
　　37.不定式作宾语，it作形式宾语
　　主语+think/believe/feel/make+it+adj/n+of/forsb+todo
　　Ibelieveitquitepossiblefortheenemytotakeusbysurprisetonight.
　　Ithinkitgoodmannerstosayhellotoyourteacherswheneveryoumeetthem.
　　Ifeelitgreedyofhimtotakepossessionofhisparents&house.
　　Thedevelopmentofsciencehasmadeitquiteconvenientforustogetintouchwithothers.
　　Thegoodatmosphereofstudyhasmadeitpossibleforustostudywell.
　　38.have+n=do让某人去干&.(一次性动作)
　　have+n+doing让&&持续(反复进行)
　　have+n+done请人干&&/使遭受到&../使某事完成
　　hehadhisstudentstranslatingsentencesallthetimeinclass.
　　I&llhavethereporttypedbythesecretary.
　　Yesterdayonthebushehadhismoneystolen.
　　Don&tbeworried，I&llseetothematterandhaveeverythingpreparedwellinadvance.
　　39.won&t/can&thave+n+doing/done不能容忍某行为发生
　　It&srudeofyoutospeaktomotherlikethatandIwon&thaveyouspeakingtoMotherlikethatinfuture.
　　Ican&thaveyousmokinglikethat.
　　Wecan&thaveanythingdoneagainsttheschoolrules.
　　40.get+n+todo让某人去干&&(一次性行为)
　　get+n+doing使&&开始&&/使&&动起来
　　get+n+done请人干&../使某事做完
　　theteachergotthestudentoreadthenewstohisclassmates.
　　Theboyisalwayskeepingsilent.Canyougethimtalking？
　　Theworkersareonstrike.Canyougetthemworking？
　　41.catchsbdoing撞见&&正在干&&
　　Thethiefcaughtstealingwassenttothepolicestation.
　　Severalstudentswerecaughtcheatinginthecollegeentranceexaminationandwerepunishedseverely.
　　Send+n+doing使&..快速&..
　　Thearrivalofpolicesenttherobbersrunningawayquickly.
　　Workcamethathisfatherwasbadlyill.Thesadnewssenthimgoinghomeatonce.
　　42.独立结构：
　　无论是不定式，现在分词，过去分词作状语，一般情况下要求前后逻辑主语一致.但有些结构表明说话人的态度，判断或一般看法，不要求逻辑主语的一致性，是一个独立的插入成分.
　　不定式：
　　Tobefrank；tobehonest；totellthetruth；tobesafe；tobeshort
　　Tobeshort，wearefacedwithmanyissuesandneedtotakeimmediateactiontosolvethem.
　　现在分词：
　　Comparatively/frankly/exactly/generally/honestly/properly/roughlyspeaking
　　Speakingof/talkingof谈到/说道&&judgingfrom从&.来判断
　　Considering考虑到&&鉴于.；就&..而论
　　Granting假定；姑且认为
　　Talkingoflookingforjobs，whatkindofjobwouldyouliketodointhefuture？
　　Judgingfromthelookonhisface，hewaslying.
　　Grantingthistobetrue/thatthisistrue，whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromit？
　　43.It形式主语
　　It+系动词(be./seem&)+nogood/nouse/useless+doingsth
　　Itisnogoodreadingwithoutfullunderstanding.
　　Heistoostubborntochangehismind.It&snousearguingwithhim.
　　Asastudent，it&snogoodstayinguptoolate.
　　There+系动词(be/seem&.)+nodoingsth=it&simpossibletodo&.做&..是不可能的
　　Thereisnofinishingtheworkinsuchashorttime.
　　=it&simpossibletofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.
　　Thereislittletimeleft，sothereisnoarrivingthereontime.
　　There&snosayingwhathe&llbedoingnext.
　　44.with独立主格结构作定语或状语：
　　(1)with+n+n(with可省略)
　　Theworkforceismadeupof400workers，(with)mostofthemwomen.
　　=theworkforceismadeupof400workers，andmostofthemarewomen.
　　=theworkforceismadeupof400workers，mostofwhomarewomen.
　　(2)with+n+adj(with可省略)
　　Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteacher，theireyeswideopen(=andtheireyeswerewideopen).
　　(3)with+n+adv(with可以省略)
　　Themeetingover，wereturnedtotheclassroom.=whenthemeetingwasover，wereturnedtotheclassroom.
　　Hepulledonhisshirt，wrongsideout.=hepulledonhisshirt，butthewrongsidewasout.
　　(4)(with)+n+prep&phrase
　　Theoldmansatonthechair，withapipeinhismouth/pipeinmouth.
　　Thesoldierstoodthere，guninhand.
　　(5)(with)+n+todo/tobedone(表示将来动作)
　　Wearrivedatthestationat10：00，withthetraintoleaveat10：30.
　　Withsomanypeopletohelpthepeopleintheflood-strickenarea，theyaresuretogetoverallthehardship.
　　(6)(with)+n+doing/beingdone(表示正在进行)/havingdone(动作已经完成)
　　Itbeingsunny，thechildrendecidedtogoouting.=asitwassunny，thechildrendecidedtogoouting.
　　Hismotherfallingillsuddenly，hehadtocancelhistriptolookafterher.=becausehismotherfellillsuddenly，hehadtocancelhistriptolookafterher.
　　Weatherpermitting，we&llflytoGuangzhoutoday.=ifweatherpermits，we&llflytoGuangzhoutoday.
　　Theguestshavingleft，shesetouttotidyuptheroom.=aftertheguestshadleft，shesetouttidyuptheroom.
　　Thefreewaybeingrepaired，wehadtotakeotherwaystoreturntoBeijing.=becausethefreewayisbeingrepaired，wehadtotakeotherwaystoreturntoBeijing.
　　(7)With+n+done/havingbeendone
　　Herglassesbroken，shecouldn&tseethewordsontheblackboard.
　　Hestoodthere，hishandscrossedonthechest，lookingratherproud.
　　Eg.1.______littletimeleft，you&dbetterwalkasfastaspossible.B
　　2.As______notimeleft，you&dbetterwalkasfastaspossible.D
　　A.BeingB.TherebeingC.ItbeingD.Thereis
　　3.It______Sunday，wewentouttoplay.B
　　4.Becauseit_____Sunday，wewentouttoplay.A
　　A.wasB.beingC.wereD.tobe
　　5.Hesatthere，hiseyes_____(fix)ontheblackboard.(fixed)
　　6.Theteacherwasgivinglessons，severaloldmen_____(seat)atthebackoftheclassroom.(seated)
　　45.疑问词+不定式=疑问词+weshall/shoulddo&
　　WhentoleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.
　　WhenweshouldleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.
　　Mr.Smithdidn&tknowwhethertoleaveorstaythere.
　　IaskedprofessorXuhowtolearnEnglishwell.
　　Thequestionwaswheretogetthemedicineneeded.
　　Idon&tknowwhattodonext.=Idon&tknowwhatweshoulddonext.
　　46.it+seem/appearthat句型
　　句型转换：
　　(1).Itseemsthatheisenjoyinghimself.=heseemstobeenjoyinghimself.
　　(2).ItseemsthathehasbeenadmittedtoBeijinguniversity.=HeseemstohavebeenadmittedtoBeijinguniversity.
　　(3).Itappearsthattherehasbeenamistake.=thereappearstohavebeenamistake.
　　47.itisthought/considered/believedthat&..句型
　　句型转换：
　　(1).It&sbelievedthatChinapromisestobeamongthepowerfulcountriesintheworld.
　　=Chinaisbelievedtopromisetobeamongthepowerfulcountryintheworld.
　　(2).Itisbelievedthathehasbeenworkinghardandwillbegivenarisebytheboss.
　　=Heisbelievedtohavebeenworkinghardandtobegivenarisebytheboss.
　　48.hadhopedtodo=hopedtohavedone表示没有实现的希望，打算，意图.
　　类似的词还有expect，think，intend，mean，suppose，want
　　Wouldlike/lovetohavedone&.；was/weretohavedone&.
　　Ihadhoped/intended/meant/expected/wantedtocallonmygrandfathertheotherday，butIwaspreventedbyaheavyrain.
　　------Didyougotoseethefilm&Titanic&yesterday？
　　------Iwouldliketohave，butmymothersuddenlyfellillandIhadtoattendher.
　　DidyouattendTom&sbirthdaypartyyesterday？
　　I&dliketohave，butIwasonduty.
　　49.主语+be+adj+todo&.不定式说明主语在那些方面存在形容词所具备的特点.
　　Heiseasygoing，soIthinkheisquitetogetalongwith.
　　Thesolutiontotheproblemisdifficulttoseek.
　　Thepollutedriverisunfittobathein.
　　50.ing形式作宾语
　　Admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feellike，finish，forgive，giveup，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practice，putoff，resist，risk，suggest，understand，can&thelp，fancy，can&tstand+v-ing.
　　Eg.朗读并背诵下列句子：
　　Imustapologizefornotlettingyouknowaheadoftime.
　　Theflighttoshanghaiwasputofftakingoffduetothefog.
　　-----Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon？-----I&mthinkingofgoingtovisitmyaunt.
　　Haveyoumadeanyplanforcelebratingyourbirthday？Onreachinghome，shegotdowntocooking.
　　Theyhurriedonforfearofbeingcaughtintherain.
　　Themanwilldiewithoutbeingoperatedon.
　　Heusedtoplaycardswithhisfriends，butnowheisusedtotakingawalkafersupper.
　　WelookforwardtomakingatriptoHangzhou.
　　Aftercooking，Mothersetaboutmakingtea.
　　Shetakesgreatpleasureinhelpingothers.
　　Afraidofbeinglateforschool，hewalkedingreathurry.
　　Heinsistedonbeingsenttotheplacewherehewasmostneeded.
　　Educationisthekeytospeedingupourmodernization.
　　Hedoesn&tfeellikegoingtotheexhibitiontoday.
　　Notbeingabletostandbeinglaughed，hehittheboyintheface.
　　Onthewayhome，Billkeptonaskinghisfathersuchquestions.
　　Nowadaysindevelopedcountries，peoplepreferredlivinginthecountrysidetolivinginthecity.
　　Thedeerwassoluckythatitjustmissedbeingshotbythehunter.
　　-----Whatdoyouthinkofthefilmlastnight？
　　-----Oh，excellent.It&swellworthseeingasecondtime.
　　Iwouldhighlyappreciateyourcallingbackthisafternoon.
　　Weareconsideringchangingtheplan.Onaccountoftherain，headvisedpostponingholdingthesportsmeettillnextweek.
　　Hearingtheexcitingnews，Icouldn&thelpjumpingwithjoy.
　　HaveyoufinishedrepairingtheTVset？
　　It&sgoodhabittopracticereadingaloudearlyinthemorning.
　　Asyouknow，studyingmeansworkinghard.
　　Thelakeispolluted.Wedon&tallowswimminghere.
　　Whyhavetheydelayedholdingthesportsmeet？
　　Sue&sfailingintheexaminationmadeherparentsveryangry.
　　Idon&tlikestrangerslisteningtoourtalk.
　　Iunderstandyournotwantingtogotothemeeting.
　　Wemustdosomethingtopreventthelakebeingpolluted.
　　Theywouldratherspendtimestudyingthanwonderinthestreet.
　　Theyisnouseourdiscussingitanyfurthernow.
　　-----whatmadeyousoworried？------Missingtheplane.
　　51.&ing作宾语
　　Forget，remember，regret，try，mean，goon，stop
　　Forgetdoing忘记曾做过&&forgettodo忘记去做(没做)&&
　　It&sfunnythatIforgottellinghimandwenttotellhimagain.
　　Whenyouleavetheclassroom，don&tforgettoputawayallthethings.
　　Rememberdoing记得做过&&remembertodo记着要去做&&
　　IstillrememberbeingtakentoBeijingwhenIwasyoung.
　　Whenyoupassbythepostoffice，doremembertoposttheletterforme.
　　Regretdoing后悔；遗憾做过&&regrettodo很遗憾要做&&
　　Ididn&tpasstheexam.HowIregrettedhavingwastedsomuchtimeplaying.
　　Iregrettotellyouthenewsthatyouwillbefirednextmonth.
　　Trydoing尝试做&&trytodo尽力干&&
　　Ifyoucan&tworkoutthemathsprobleminthisway，whynottryusinganotherway？
　　Asastudent，weshouldtrytobeall-around，weshouldsimplyseekhighmarks.
　　Meandoing意味着&&meantodo打算要&&
　　Ihadmeanttocomeearlyforthemeeting，butIwasheldupbythetrafficjam.
　　Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanothertwohours.
　　Goondoing继续干原来所做的事情goontodo做完一件事，接着做另一件事
　　Tiredandthirstyastheywere，theywentonworkinginthesun.
　　AfterwefinishlearningLessonOne，wewillgoontodosomelistening.
　　Stoptodo&..停下来去做&&.Stopdoing&&.停止做&&
　　Stopspeakingandjustlistentome.
　　Whenhesawwewereintrouble，hestoppedtohelpusout.
　　Thanksbfordoing谢谢某人做过&&
　　Thanksbtodosth拜托某人干&&
　　Thankyouforhelpingmesomuch.
　　I&llthankyoutoleavemythingsalone.It&snoneofyourbusiness.
　　Need/require/want(需要)/deserve(值得)+doing(主动表被动)
　　Beworthdoing主动表被动
　　Ithasbeenalongtimesincethehousewasthoroughlycleaned.NowasNewYear&sDayisaroundthecorner，Ithinkthehouseneeds(requires，wants)cleaning.(=thehouseneeds/requires/wantstobecleaned)
　　Heisworthpraising.=hedeservespraising，forhehasdonesomanygoodthings.
　　Hiscarhasbeeninbadrepairandnowitbadlyneedsrepairing.
　　Devote&.to/lookforwardto/stickto/beusedto/objectto反对/getdownto着手干+doing(to为介词)
　　Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.
　　Hedevotedallhislifetoteachingandhasnotimetoattendhischildren.
　　Mymotherstronglyobjectedtomyplayingcomputergamesinthecyberbar.
　　Wellprepared，theygotdowntoshootingtheTVplay.
　　But/except+todo/do
　　这种句型如介词前有行为动词do，后面应接不带to的不定式；如无do，则接带to的不定式.
　　Theenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttogivein.
　　Howhappilythebabylives，itdoesnothingbuteat，sleepandplay.
　　Facedwithdisasters，thereisnothingforustodobutkeepupourcourageandtakeaction.
　　Incoldwinter，mostcold-bloodedanimalshavenochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.
　　Hadbetter/bestdo&.最好干&..
　　Whenhurricaneiscoming，you&dbetterstayindoor.
　　Nowthatyouhavebeenboredwiththelifeinthecountryside，you&dbettergotothecitiestoseekmorechances.
　　Prefertodoratherdo&.愿意干&.而不愿意干&.
　　Wouldratherdothando=woulddoratherthando&&
　　Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus，healwayspreferstorideabicycle.
　　I&dratherreadsomethingathomethangototheparkinsuchweather.
　　Cannotbut，/cannothelpbut，/cannotchoosebut+do不得不&.；只好&..
　　Wecouldnotbutweepatourbadluck.
　　It&sraininghard.Icannothelpbutstayathome.
　　Beingendangered，mostanimalcannotchoosebutwantfortheirdestiny.
　　Therebe句型表示什么地方有&..
　　52.注意：therebe之后如有几个并列主语时，用is或are取决于第一个主语是单数还是复数，单数用is，复数用are.
　　Thereisapen，apencilandtwobooksonthedesk.
　　Thereareseveralstudentsplayingontheplayground.
　　TherewillbeanimportantconferencenamedTheEarthSummittobeheldhere.
　　Therehavebeengreatchangesinmyhometowneversince1978.
　　Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththecellphone.
　　注意：therebe句型也可以有其它形式变化，常见的有seemtobe，happentobe，appeartobe，usedtobe，islikelytobe
　　Thereseems/appearstobemuchhopeofourteamwinningthematch.
　　Thereislikelytobemoredifficultiesthanexpectedwhilecarryingouttheexperiment.
　　Thethiefbrokein，tohisdelight，therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom.
　　注意therebe句型中的be动词，也可以替换成其它词，常见的有live，remain，come，stand，lie，occur，exist，follow等动词.
　　Oncetherelivedmanydinosaursheremillionsandmillionsofyearsago.
　　Therestandsaskyscraperinfrontourteachingbuilding.
　　Therecameatimewhenmostofpeoplehadnofreedomtospeak.
　　Thereoccurred/existedhumanbeingsabout5000yearsago.
　　Therefollowedadeadsilenceafterastrangenoise.
　　Thereexistseriousproblemsintheworldandweshouldtakeactiontosolvethembeforeitistoolate.
　　注意：therebe句型的独立主格形式作状语：
　　Therebeingnobuses，wehadtowalkhome.
　　=becausetherewerenobuses，wehadtowalkhome.
　　Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime，thecropsinthefielddied.
　　=becausetherehadbeennorainforalongtime，thecropsinthefielddied.
　　(有连词用句子，没有连词用therebe独立主格形式作状语)
　　Therebe句型的非谓语形式：
　　Idon&twanttheretobeanymisunderstandingsbetweenus.
　　What&sthechanceoftherebeinganelectionthisyears？
　　It&snotunusualfortheretobeagenerationgapbetweenteachersandstudents.
　　Thereisnopoint/senseindoingso.
　　53.It&suptosbtodo&..由&..来；靠&.来&
　　Whetherwegiveuporgoonwiththeexperiment，it&salluptoourtutorprofessortodecide.
　　It&suptoyoutobabysitmysonwhenIamawayonbusiness.
　　Beuptosth胜任，从事于
　　Michaelisnotreallyuptothatjob.
　　Theyarewhisperinginthecornerasiftheyareuptonogood.
　　54.do，does，did用于一般现在时或一般过去时强调谓语动词
　　对比：
　　Heisanall-aroundstudent.//Hedoesbeanall-aroundstudent.
　　Hetookgreatpainstohelpus.//hedidtakegreatpainstohelpus.
　　Becareful！//Dobecareful！
　　Youteenagersdomakegreatdifferencetoyourparents.
　　55.it强调句
　　强调句的基本构成：Itis/was+被强调部分+who/that+剩余部分
　　原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态用Itis&.that/who&.
　　如原句的谓语动词是过去时态，则用Itwas&.that/who&.
　　强调时间，地点，原因或方式时不要用when，where，how，必须用that.
　　(1)Isawhiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.
　　---ItwasIwhosawhiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.
　　(2)whendidyouseehiminthestreet？
　　----whenwasitthatyousawhiminthestreet？
　　(3)whodidyouseeinthestreetyesterday？
　　----whowasitthatyousawinthestreetyesterday？
　　(4)hedidn&tgotobeduntilhismothercameback.
　　----Itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathewenttobed.
　　(5)Idon&tknowwhenhewillcomeback.
　　----Idon&tknowwhenitisthathewillcomeback.
　　(6)Itisonlywhenyounearlylosesomeonethatyoufullyrealizehowmuchyouvaluehim.
　　----Onlywhenyounearlylosesomeone，youfullyrealizehowmuchyouvaluehim.
　　(7)Itwasn&tuntilhisfathercamebackfromworkthathegotdowntodoinghishomework.
　　(8)Itwasbecausethetrafficwasveryheavyduringtherushhour，Iwaslateagain.
　　56.as/sofaras&&.就&&而言
　　SofarasIknow，thebookwillbepublishednextmonth.
　　AsfarasI&mconcerned，chattingonlineisawasteoftimeandmoney.
　　57.what/howabout&&怎么样，表示建议
　　Howaboutsigningupforthephysicscompetition？
　　WhataboutthetwoofusgoingpicnickingthisSunday？
　　58.Itfollowsthat&&因此&..
　　Itisnaturalforpeopletobeattractedtobeautifulthings.Itfollowsthatmostwomendesirenothingbuttolookbeautiful.
　　Withthedevelopmentofsociety，itisnecessaryforusstudentstohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishandcomputer.ItfollowsthatweshouldworkhardatEnglish.
　　59.Itoccurredtomethat&我突然想到&..
　　ItoccurredtomethatIhadeverseenhimbefore.
　　ItoccurredtomethatIshouldaskthepoliceforhelp.
　　60.thereisnoneedto&没有必要&.
　　Asaboyofeighteen，heknowshowtotakecareofhim，sothereisnoneedtobeworriedabouthim.
　　Thereisnoneedtoworryaboutsuchasmallmistake.
　　61.it&syourturnto&轮到你&.
　　It&syourturntomakeafewremarksatthemeeting.
　　Whoseturnisittobeonduty/it&smyturn.
　　62.it&stimetodo&.该是做&.的时候了
　　It&stimeforustomeetchallengesandtoproveourabilities.
　　It&stimeforustofightagainsttheenemyanddefendourmotherland.
　　63.usedtodo&.过去常常&
　　Get/beusedtodoing&.习惯于&..
　　Thereusedtobemanyoldhousesinthecenterofthecity.
　　Ihavebeenusedtolivingoncampus.
　　Thegirlusedtobefat.Butafterbeingonadietforalongtime，shewasmuchthinnerthanbefore.
　　64.what&s&..like&？&.如何/怎么样？用于问事物的外表特征和内在品质
　　Whatdoes&.looklike？&&..长得怎么样？&仅强调外表特征
　　------what&stheweatherliketoday？-------Itseemstobeclearingup.
　　------what&shisfatherlike？-----hisfatherishandsome，andeasy-going.
　　类似的句型：
　　Whatdoyouthinkofsth/sb？
　　Howdoyoulikesb/sth？
　　Howdoyoufindsb/sth？
　　Howdoyoufeelaboutsb/sth？
　　65.it&slikesbtodosth.这很象&.的所作所为
　　It&squitelikehimtohavebeensorudetothestrangers.
　　It&squitelikehimtoanswerforwhathehasdone.
　　66.whenitcomestosth&.当谈到&..；临到&.情况
　　Whenitcomestohelpinghiswifewiththehousework，Johnnevercomplains.
　　Whenitcomestoplayingcomputergames，hewouldbeveryexcitedandfullofenergy.
　　67.howdidsbcometo&.=howcome(that)&.为什么&.；是怎样&.
　　固定表达，要求对发生的事情解释或说明理由
　　Howdidyoucometofindoutwhereshe&sliving？
　　=Howcomethatyoufoundoutwhereshe&sliving？
　　Howcomethatyousattheredoingnothing？
　　=howdidyoucometositthere，doingnothing？
　　Howdidyoucometobesofoolish？
　　Howcomeyouarelateagain？
　　68.betodo&.
　　分析并背诵betodo在下列句子中的意义：
　　(1)I&mtoinform(=mustinform，表示责任或必要)youthatyouaretomake(表正式的，不以个人意志而改变的安排)aspeechatthemeetingtomorrow.
　　(2)youaretobecongratulated.你应受到祝贺.
　　(3)thebookisnottobefound.书不可能找到.(表可能)
　　(4)everymemberofthepartywastopayhisownexpense.(表示命令)
　　(5)atwhattimeamItobethere？(命令)
　　(6)ifitweretoraintomorrow，themeetingwouldbeputoff.(表示虚拟)
　　(7)heescapedfromhishometownandhewasnevertoseehiswifeandhisfamily.(表示预示命运)
　　69.nonethe+比较级毫不&&
　　Heisnonetheworseforfallingintotheriver.
　　Aftertakingthemedicine，I&mnonethebetter.
　　Afterastayofthirtyminutesinthesea，hewentout，coldandwetthrough，butnonetheworsefortheexperience.
　　70.it&sonly/justamatterofdoing&&.只不过是&..；&.无非是&..
　　(1)LearningEnglishisjustamatterofdoingmorelistening，speaking，readingandwriting.
　　(2)Bringupachildisnotonlyamatteroffeeding，clothingandhousinghim.Youmustgivehimaself-confidenceandalsolethimknowsomeimportantvaluesinlife.
　　71.youhavetobe+adj+todo&&要想&..，你还需&&
　　(1)youhavetoberichtoliveinsuchanexpensiveandbeautifulhouse.
　　(2)yuohavetobeoldtofightwithme.
　　(3)youhavetobeyoungtoclimbupthemountainasfastasI.
　　72.farbeitfrommetodo&.but&.=onnoaccount/bynomeansamItodo&，but&.
　　我决不想&&；我无意干&..，但是&.
　　(1)farbeitfrommetointerfereinyouraffairsbutIwouldliketogiveyouonlyonepieceofadvice.
　　(2)farbeitfrommetosaybutIamproudofbeingadmittedtoOxford，thishalloweduniversityoflearning.(神圣的学府)
　　73.全部倒装句1
　　Here，there，out，in，up，down，now，then等副词放于句首，句子全部倒装.
　　Theregoesthebell！=thebellisringing！
　　Herecomesthebus=thebusiscoming
　　Outrushedthestudentsonhearingthecryforhelpinthedarkness.
　　Nowcomesyourturntomakeafewremarkshere.
　　Awayranthethiefthemomenthesawthepolicemen.
　　Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.
　　注意：(1)在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词，象go，come，rush等
　　(2)主语如是代词不倒装
　　Awayhewent
　　全部倒装句2
　　方位状语在句首，句子全倒装：
　　Infrontofthehousestoppedapolicecar.
　　Nearbyweretwocanoesinwhichtheyhadcometotheisland.
　　全部倒装句3；adj/V-ing/V-ed(+地点状语)+be&.
　　Presentatthemeetingwerethemanager，allthedesignersandthewriter.
　　Sittingatthebackoftheclassroomwereseveraloldteachers，listeningattentivelytothenewteacher.
　　Gonearethedayswhenfarmersliveatthemercyofnature.
　　半倒装句1
　　否定副词或否定短语在句首，句子半倒装，如：little，never，hardly，rarely，seldom，notatall，bynomeans等.
　　NeverdidChinahaveapowershortagethataffectedsomanyareasandcausedsomuchloss.
　　Atnotimewasthemanawareofwhatwashappening.
　　LittledidIunderstandwhathesaidtomeatthattime.
　　It&sbeyonddescription.Nowhereelseintheworldcantherebesuchaquiet，beautifulplace.
　　Notasinglemistakedidhemakeintheexam.
　　Bynomeans(=Notatall)aretheseworksofartsatisfactory.
　　半倒装句型：2notonly&..，butalso&&
　　Notonlyisbettereducationimportantforimprovingourselvesbutalsofordevelopingoursociety.
　　Theysuggestednotonlyshouldweattendthepartybutalsogiveaperformance.
　　Ifwecontinueusingtoomuchundergroundwater，notonlywillthelandsink，butalsoseawaterwillcomein.
　　半倒装句型3：neither，nor放在句首
　　&Ifyoudon&tattendtoyoursickmother，neitherwillI，&saidhiswifeinred-hotanger.
　　------whydidn&tyoubuyit？
　　------Neitherwasthepricesatisfactory，nordidthecoloragreewithme.
　　Withoutinternationalcooperation，developingcountriescannotprosper，norwillsustainabledevelopmentbepossible.
　　半倒装句型4：only+状语放在句首，主句半倒装
　　Onlybychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.
　　Onlybylearningtoliveinharmonywithnaturecanwesavetheearth.
　　半倒装句型5：manyatime，often，onceinawhile等频度副词放在句首
　　ManyatimehashegivenmeahandwhenIwasintrouble.
　　Nowandthenwillhebelateforschoolandbescoldedbytheteacher.
　　Oftenhaveweseentheseboysdogoodthings.
　　半倒装句型6：so/as+助动词+主语&&也&&
　　Abetterunderstandingoftheenvironmentisnecessary，so/asisthewillingnesstoact.
　　Hebelieved，asdidhisfamily，thatyouweretellingthetruth.
　　Inthepast20years，oursocietyhaschangedalot，so/ashaveoureatinghabits.
　　So+主语+助动词.表肯定已有的观点或事实
　　-----wehaveallworkedhardthesedays.
　　-----sowehave.
　　主语+助动词+so(按照别人的要求去做)
　　ThewoundedlittleboyaskedmetolifthimupandIdidso.
　　Soitiswithsb=it&sthesamewithsb(前者怎么样，后者也怎样)
　　(前面既有否定句又有肯定句，或有多个谓语动词，助动词难以选择时，用此句型)
　　HelikesEnglishbutdoesn&tlikemaths，soitiswithme/it&sthesamewithme.
　　Heisastudentandhestudieshard，soitiswithme.
　　-----Hewasrallymanlyenoughtoberesponsibleforwhathehaddone.
　　-----Sohewas，anditwaswithyou.
　　74.虚拟语气句型
　　虚拟语气句型1.
　　If+were/did(动词的过去式)，主语+would/might/should/could+do表示对现在的假设
　　IfIwereyou，Iwouldnotbesoproud.
　　Idon&thaveacellphone.IfIhadone，itwouldbeconvenientformetogetintouchwithothers.
　　IfIwereinyourposition，Iwouldthinkbetterofit.
　　虚拟语气句型2.
　　If+haddone，主语+would/might/should/could+havedone
　　表示对过去或已发生事情的虚拟假设
　　Whatapityitisthatyoudidn&tattendtheconcertyesterday！Ifyouhadattendtheconcert，youwouldhaveseenthefamoussinger.
　　Anyoneinhispositionwouldhavedonethesame.=
　　=IfanyonehadbeenIhisposition，hewouldhavedonethesame.
　　虚拟语气句型3
　　If+were/did/(动词过去式)/should/weretodo，主语=would/might/should/could+do
　　(表示对将来的假设)
　　Ifweweretopanic，wewouldnotbeabletogiveproperfirstaid.
　　Ifitweretorain(=shouldrain=rained)tomorrow，wewouldnotgoforapicnic.
　　Ifyoushouldn&tpassthecollegeentranceexamination，whatwouldyoudo？
　　虚拟语气条件句的倒装：在虚拟条件句中，如出现有were，had，shoud，可省略if，可将主语于这些词倒装，构成虚拟倒装句.
　　Shouldheactlikethatagain，hewouldbefined.
　　HadIknownmoreaboutgivingfirstaid，Icouldhavehelpedthem.
　　WereItogotothemoononeday，Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.
　　HadIenoughmoney(=ifIhadenoughmoney)，Iwouldbuyalargehouse.
　　虚拟语气句型4
　　Ifonly引起的感叹句，相当于howIwish+宾语从句，意为&但愿&.，要是&就好了&
　　Ifonlyhecouldcome！
　　Ifonlywestudentsdidn&thavesomuchhomework！
　　IfonlyIhadn&tbeensocarelessintheexam！
　　虚拟语气句型5.
　　Ifitwerenotfor&(=wereitnotfor&.)
　　Ifithadn&tbeenfor&(=haditnotbeenfor&)
　　要不是因为有&..；如果不是&&
　　Ifithadn&tbeenfor(haditnotbeenfor)thedeterminedcaptain，allthepassengersonboardwouldn&thavebeensaved.
　　Ifitwerenotforyourrichparents，youcouldn&tlivesoeasyalife.
　　虚拟语气句型6butfor，butthat
　　Butfor+名词和butthat+从句，意为&倘若不是，要不是&，接虚拟语气.
　　ButfortheCommunistPartyofChina，thePeople&sRepublicofChinacouldn&thavebeenfounded.
　　Butforairandwater，nothingcouldsurvive.
　　Shecouldn&thavebelievedit，butthatshesawit.
　　虚拟语气句型7
　　在suggest，propose，insist，demand，require，request，order等表示建议，要求，命令的名词性从句需要虚拟语气，基本句型：主语+(should)+动词原形
　　MotherinsistedthatJohn(should)gotobedat9o&clock.
　　ManyhospitalrecommendedthatweusetheletterDRABCtorememberwhattodowhengivingfirstaid.
　　Itwasrequiredthatchildren(should)besenttoschoolwhentheyreachtheageforschool.
　　Thesuggestionthathe(should)beinvitedwasrejected.
　　Thatistheirdemandthattheirwages(should)beincreased.
　　虚拟语气8
　　It&snecessary/importantthatsb.Shoulddo&(should可省略)
　　Withthesocietydevelopingveryfast，it&squitenecessary/importantthatwe(should)haveagoodknowledgeofEnglishandcomputer.
　　It&snecessarythatJohntaketheexamfirst.
　　虚拟语气9.
　　It&sstrange/apity/surprisingthatsbshoulddo&..(should表示竟然)
　　It&sapitythatsheshouldmissthechancetogoabroad.
　　It&sreallysurprisingthataprophecyshouldcoincidewiththefactsoexactly.
　　It&sstrangethatheshouldn&tpasstheexam.
　　虚拟语气10.
　　Wish+宾语从句，表示不大可能实现的愿望
　　表示现在的愿望：主语+动词过去式
　　表示过去的愿望：主语+had+过去分词
　　表示未来的愿望：主语+would(could)+动词原型
　　HowIwishwestudentshadmorefreetimetorelaxourselves！
　　Ifailedinthemathsexam.HowIwishIhadn&twastedsomuchtimeplaying.
　　Whatapityyoucan&tgototheparty.HowIwishIcoulddancewithyouattheparty.
　　虚拟语气11.
　　It&s(high/about)imethatsbdid/shoulddo&.早就该&.
　　It&stimethatwetookactionanddidourbitsfortheAIDSpatients.
　　It&shightimethatwedidsomethingtoimproveourenvironment.
　　虚拟语气12
　　Wouldratherthatsbdid&.&宁愿&..；更愿意&表示现在或将来的愿望
　　Wouldratherthatsbhaddone&.&宁愿&..；更愿意&表示过去的愿望.
　　I&dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.
　　I&dratheryouwerenotacelebratedactor.Inthatcase，wecouldspendmoretimetogether.
　　I&dratherthatIhadn&tseenher.
　　虚拟语气13.
　　Asif(though)+主语+did/haddone&表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在和将来的情况用过去时
　　Ourheadteachertreatsusasifwewereherownchildren，soallthestudentsinourclassthinkhighlyofher.
　　AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere.
　　Alltoooften，peopletreatAIDSpatientsasiftheywerebadordangerous.
　　75.关系代词as，which的区别
　　(1).当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which.
　　Hecamehereverylate，whichwasunexpected.
　　(2).当as在从句中作主语是，后面常接动词的被动语态.如：beknown，besaid，bereported，beannounced.如从句的行为动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语.
　　Shehasbeenabsentagain，asisexpected.
　　Tomhasmaderapidprogress，whichmakesmeveryhappy.
　　(3).As常用在as(it)seemslikely，as(it)oftenhappens，as(it)wasprintedout，as(it)wassaidearlier，asIremember(it)，asIunderstand(it)，as(it)appears.等结构
　　Jackhaswonthefirstprize，asitoftenhappens.
　　ShehasreadwidelyinRomanticliterature，asitappearsfromheressay.
　　(4).As仍然保持作连词时常有的某种含义.
　　Davidistall，asaremybrothers.
　　Heopposedtheidea，ascouldbeexpected.
　　(5).当非限定性定语从句是一个复合结构时，只能用which
　　Bettyalwaystellalie，whichherparentsfindstrange.
　　76.关系副词where的用法；高考对where的考察驱于复杂，从先行词为明显的地点，转为地点模糊化.当先行词表示某人/物的situation，或某事物所发展的stage，或表示某事物的某方面时都可用where.
　　Eg.Theaccidenthadreachedapointwhereboththeirparentsaretobecalledin.
　　Wherewillallthistroublelead？
　　Thatiswhereyouaremistaken.
　　Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal，andthisiswhereIdisagree.
　　Icanthinkofmanycases，wherestudentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn&twriteagoodessay.
　　77.为了增加定语从句试题难度，采用以下方法：
　　(1).在定语从句中，适当加入插入语.
　　Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay______，ofcourse，madetheothersunhappy.
　　A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what
　　Thewrongyou&vedonehimisterrible，for_____Ithink(inmyopinion)youshouldmakeanapologytohim.
　　A.thisB.whichC.whatD.that
　　(2).把先行词与定语从句隔开.
　　Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.
　　A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where
　　(3).综合考察对定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句，强调句的辨析能力.
　　//Thereisafeelinginme______we&llneverknowwhataUFOis&notever.
　　A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what
　　Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_______wasawastelandtenyearsago.
　　A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
　　Heissuchacleverboy__as____everyonelikes.
　　Heissuchacleverboy__that____everyonelikeshim.
　　A.asB.thatC.whichD.it
　　Wasitinthevillage_____weusedtolivein_____theaccidenthappened？
　　A.where；thatB.which；thatC.that；whereD.where；which
　　78.主动形式表被动意义
　　(1).系动词look，sound，feel，smell，taste，appear，seem，go，prove，turn，stay，become，fall，get，grow，keep+形容词/名词构成系表结构.
　　Eg.Thesteelfeelscold.
　　Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.
　　Ithasgonebad.
　　(2).表示开始，结束，运动的动词.如：begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，moved
　　Eg.Workbeganat7o&clockthismorning.
　　Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.
　　(3).表示主语的某种属性特征的动词.如：read，write，act，iron，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，shut，dry，eat，drink.这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语.
　　Eg.Thiscoatdrieseasily.Nyloncleaneasily.
　　Thedoorwon&tlock.Foodcankeepfreshinafridge.
　　Yourspeechreadswell.Thismaterialhaswornthin.
　　Hisbookdoesnotsellwell.Yourpenwritessmoothly.
　　Thematchwon&tcatch.Theplanworkedoutwonderfully.
　　Therecorderwon&tplay.Theenginewon&tstart.
　　Thisknifecutswell.Theclothwasheswell.
　　(4).少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义.如：print，cook，fry，hang，build，make.
　　Eg.Thebooksareprinting.
　　Themeatiscooking.
　　(5).介词in，on，under等+名词短语表示被动意义.
　　表方位的介词于含动作意义的名词合用，含被动意义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词.
　　常见的有：undercontrol；undertreatment；underrepair；underdiscussion；underconstruction；beyondbelief；beyondone&sreach；beyondone&scontrol；beyondourhope(我们史料不及)；forsale；forrent；inprint；insight；onsale；onshow；ontrial；outcontrol；outsight；outofone&sreach；outoffashion.
　　Eg.Thebuildingisunderconstruction.
　　Therumorisbeyondbelief.
　　Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise.
　　Thathouseisforsale.
　　Thebookisnotyetinprint.
　　Todaysometreasuresarenotonshowinthemuseum.
　　Theplanewasoutofcontrol.
　　Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher&spermission.
　　(6).不能用于被动语态的及物动词或及物动词短语：
　　Fit，have，wish，cost，agreewith，arriveat/in，shakehandswith，succeedin，sufferfrom，happento，takepartin，walkinto，belongto
　　Eg.Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.
　　Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.
12345678910
客服总机：400-606-99777 业务传真：010- 客服邮箱：Copyright &2006 - 2015 高考学习网版权所有. All Rights Reserved. 京ICP证100390号