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[特约](人教+ 汤姆森)八年级英语期末专题——阅读理解与完形填空
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一. 阅读理解
阅读理解：在中考中占的比重很大。阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能。包括对书面语言的识别、理解、推理、判断和快速记忆等几个方面。不仅仅涉及到语音、语法、词汇这些语言因素、还涉及到非语言因素，即：阅读者对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、对所读材料内容的熟悉、个人经历、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等各方面。阅读技巧之一是阅读时要扩大视距。二是不要心读或朗读；三是要理解段落或文章的细节。四是要学会猜测词义，五要理解中心思想。六要具备合理推理和判断的能力。
初中阶段阅读题重点考查的内容是事实认定、词语理解、数量计算，主要思想归纳等。而从考查方式来看，则以直接型、转换型和归纳型的试题为主，需要依据文章事实和作者思路进行推理的题次之。
文章主旨和大意的考查。这类试题主要是考查对文章的理解程度，考查内容包括作者的写作目的，文章的中心思想等内容。考生只有读懂全文，才能选出正确答案。
细节和事实的考查。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。
词义或句义的考查。这些词句往往具有深层意义，要透过表层意义来理解深层意义，或根据句子的语法关系分析其含义，要反复琢磨，仔细推敲，弄清作者的真正意图，从而选择正确答案。遇到生词，要根据上下文和一定的构词法知识，如前缀、后缀来分析、判断、猜测其词形和含义。
审核人：jewelary
扫一扫手机阅读更方便英语完形填空解题技巧；一、完形填空的设计特点；完形填空一般有如下几个特点：（1）完形填空所选的；（4）完形填空题的考查目的：①考查同学们阅读理解；“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综；由于完形填空题的解题难度一般比单项填空和阅读理解；1、浏览全文，理解大意；2、照顾上下文，作出正确的逻辑及词意的判断；3、先易后难，利用已选出的正确答案来推断未知的
英语完形填空解题技巧 一、完形填空的设计特点
完形填空一般有如下几个特点：（1）完形填空所选的文章比较多的是情节明了、层次分明、内容易懂的故事性或记叙性的文体，文中较少出现生词，这样有助于考生整体理解和思路畅通。完形填空所选文章一般较之同一份试卷中的阅读理解题所选的文章，其难度要略低一些。（2）完形填空的选文篇幅一般在170―220单词之间；空缺处的密度一般是每5―15单词一空。（3）以意义填空为主，要求填入的词主要有：① 语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。②具有语法变化的普通词，如动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的级等。③ 固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。④ 同义词、近义词等易混淆词。⑤ 根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。 可见，完形填空是一种综合性较强的题型。它的突出特点是起点高、容量大。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适应这一题型。 （4）完形填空题的考查目的：① 考查同学们阅读理解能力。②考查同学们语法知识。③ 考查同学们综合运用英语知识的水平和实践能力。 二、完形填空的考查点
“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。重点考查词语搭配、词语辨析、逻辑推断、前后呼应等，有时兼顾一些讲英语国家的语言及生活习惯等。词语搭配包括习惯用语、动词、形容词、副词、介词、名词等的相互搭配；词语辨析包括近义词的辨析和易混词的辨析；逻辑推断包括根据上下文的信息判断和逻辑关系，如转折、递进、因果、条件、让步等关系，也包括根据上下文内容，选出一个意思与内容相符合的词或词语；前后呼应是指有些句子如果孤立地理解，可能有多个选择，并且意思都能成立，但把前后文结合或联系起来理解，就只能有一个选择。 三、完形填空题的解题步骤及技巧
由于完形填空题的解题难度一般比单项填空和阅读理解要大，一般说来，做完形填空题时可按下列步骤：
1、浏览全文，理解大意。在着手答题之前从头到尾把文章浏览一遍，以便能了解文章的大概意思，使接下来的答题过程具有一定的针对性。
2、照顾上下文，作出正确的逻辑及词意的判断。在答题过程中，不要一遇到空白处就停下来做题，有些空白处是需要通读全句甚至全文后才能作出正确的选择的，因此，在答题过程中，要经常考虑上下文，并进行逻辑推断。
3、先易后难，利用已选出的正确答案来推断未知的答案。一些题目一下子不能马上找到答案，不妨先搁置一边，做上标记，待做完其他相对容易发现的答案的题目后再处理，因为这时，文章所提供的信息量比以前多了，也许这时找到答案的难度会小一些。
4、重新阅读全文，全面复查。将选好的答案一一对号入座，再把整篇文章通读一遍，看看在表达整个语篇的意思上有无唐突之处，内容是否连贯通顺，语法上有无不妥等等。 四、提高完形填空题解题能力的训练要点
要想在完形填空上取得高分，平时要做以下方面的训练：
1、进行一定量的阅读训练以提高自己的英语语感和对文章的理解能力。 由于完形填空重点考查的是一个考生的阅读能力，因此，提高自己的阅读能力是提高在完形填空中的得分的关键。 阅读能力的提高是和你阅读的量成正比的。阅读的量越大，你的阅读能力就越强。因此，有计划、有步骤地进行一定量的阅读训练是相当重要的。在进行阅读训练时，除了检测自己在阅读中的理解情况之外，还要对阅读文章中所出现的重点词和词组进行认真的学习和研究。对于重要的句式句型等也要进行认真的研究、总结并作整理和记忆。同类句型在今 1 后的做题中肯定会多次出现，如不作整理和记忆则无法产生较好的语感，对于英语句子所表达的意思的理解只能一直停留在模糊阶段，更谈不上阅读能力的快速提高，而阅读能力得不到提高就直接影响到完形填空的正确率。
2、加强词汇知识方面的训练，努力提高词汇的识记和理解能力。
有学生以为，提高自己的词汇知识无非就是要死记硬背词汇表，把每一个单词都熟记在心。其实，背诵词汇表只是词汇知识掌握的第一步，虽然这一步非常重要也是必不可少的。我们知道，一个单词或词组在具体的上下文中会有不同的意思，而许多这样的意思也许在你的词汇表上并没有标出。一个词甚至是一个非常普通的词，在一定的语言环境下说话者可能会赋予它特定的意思，从而达到某种语义效果。如果你缺乏一定的语汇训练，在一个不同的语言环境中，你硬是用你从词汇表上所背到的词义去理解，也许会永远不理解句子所要表达的真正含义。 要提高自己在词汇知识方面的能力，首先，在熟记每一单词的基本词义的同时，多记一些该单词的各种常见词义下的重要例句；其次，平时应多作一些记录和积累工作，把自己从阅读中所见到的一些所学单词的有用的表达法记录下来，并经常诵读；另外，不妨多学一些构词知识，如英语单词中的词性转换、前后缀、合成词等，这些知识也可以在一定程度上提高你的词汇知识。 3、多进行完形填空的训练。
平时多做完形填空的训练可以有效地提高实战能力，以充分适应这种题型。每做完一篇完形填空，就需要认真核对答案，找出在做题中出错的原因，以便采取相应的措施，在今后做题时避免出现同样的错。如你发现在做题时经常犯词汇理解方面的错误，则你就应该认真记忆单词、词组；如你犯的是语篇理解方面的错误，则应当有意识地增加你的阅读量，以提高阅读理解的能力。 上述工作做完后，你最好不要就把这篇做好的完形填空随手扔了，不妨把整篇文章再默记一遍，并在文章中的空缺处填上核对后的正确的词（应该把这些词默写出来，而不是对着答案照抄），再把文章反复读几遍。这样做，对你做完形填空时产生一种良好的语感是很有好处的。
例1： We know that trees are useful in our everyday life. They
us many things，such as wood，oxygen，rubber，medicines and many other things. They can
tell us a lot about our climate(气候). The following are the reasons(理由).
a tree，you can see that it has many rings(年轮). Most trees grow one new ring
year. Because of this reason，we know
a tree is. A tree over a hundred years old means that it has more than a hundred
When the climate is dry or very cold，the trees do not grow very much and their rings are usually
7 . When it is wet and warm，the rings are much thicker. If the rings are suddenly very thin or suddenly very thick，this means that the
changed suddenly. If we look at the rings on this tree，we can learn about the
for a hundred years. We can see
our climate is changing today.
1. A. tell
3. A. cut across
B. climb up
C. walk past
D. look at
4. A. every
C. the first
5. A. how big
B. how long
C. how old
D. how much
6. A. trees
8. A. climate
9. A. people
C. climate
2 10. A. how
例2： Greenland is the largest island in the world. It is in the
of Europe. Near Greenland is another island. It is small. Its
is Iceland. Do you think that Greenland is green and warm? Do you think that Iceland is white with ice? If you do, you are
. Not many people live on the big island of Greenland. There
more people in your hometown than in all of Greenland. That is because Greenland is not green. Greenland is
. Most of the island is covered with lots of ice. The ice covering Greenland is
than the world's tallest building. What
Iceland? Is it colder than Greenland? No, it is not. Iceland has ice, but not so much ice
Greenland. It has a lot of hot springs(泉).They give out hot water and steam(水蒸汽).The climate(气候) is not as
as Greenland. And there are a lot
people who live in Iceland. 1. A. east
D. south 2. A. village
D. town 3 .A. wrong
D. bright 4. A. must be
D. be 5. A. yellow
D. white 6. A. more higher B. high
C. highest D. higher 7. A. of
D. on 8. A. as
D. then 9. A. warm
D. cool 10. A. many
D. most 例3： Joe wanted a computer. He asked his
for the money and they said he must get it himself. But how did he get it? He
about this when he walked home. Not many people wanted to ask children to work for them. Maybe he could take away snow for the neighbors (邻居). But this was not
. He had to wait a long time for that. He couldn’t cut grass for their gardens
he had no tools (工具) to do the work with.
Then he saw one of his classmates, Dick, delivering (送)
. I could do that, he thought. Maybe I could even get the computer
away. I could pay
it a little each week. He ran to
up with Dick. Joe asked him a lot of questions. He learned that it was
to get twenty-five dollars each week. He learned that the job (工作) took
three hours each night. Dick
him the phone number of the newspaper manager (经理).
Joe almost flew home. After he had told his mother
he thought, she
.“I think it is a
idea,” she said, “I’ll call the newspaper….”
“Wait, Mum,” Joe said, “I’ll call. After that, I’m going to be a businessman now.”
Joe’s mother smiled
. 1. A. teachers
B. parents
C. classmates
D. friends
2. A. said
C. thought
D. spoke 3. A. spring
D. winter 4. A. because
D. after 5. A. newspaper B. bikes
C. computers
D. tools 6. A. now
D. only 7. A. on
3 8. A. take
D. get 9. A. friendly
C. possible
D. wrong 10. A. at
D. after 11. A. taught
D. asked 12. A. that
D. where 13. A. smiled
B. shouted
D. worried 14. A. big
D. bad 15. A. sadly
B. happily
C. politely
D. angrily 例4：
These days it is found that school students hardly have any sports. Is it because they have no
in sports? It may not be true. They often say they have
more important things to do.
What are these important things? Exams! They have to
themselves ready for all kinds of exams and tests in school. So many of them almost
bookworms(书呆子). In the past in the summer holidays, they could do
they liked, but now they have to
all their time preparing. So
have kept them away from going in for sports.
Because of the pressure(压力) from
parents and teachers, they
to work harder and spend most of their time
books. As for the students themselves, they don’t want to
the lessons because they want to further their studies. So it is necessary to give
of their spare time to their studies and
up their school sports.
It’s true a good education cannot go without physical training, the
__14 _ is true, a quick mind hardly goes along with a
body. Without a strong body, you can never do anything well, how can you make great success in life? 1. A. interests B. interested C. interesting D. interest 2. A. another B. other
D. some 3. A. make
D. let 4. A. turn
D. become 5. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 6. A. give
D. cost 7. A. teachers B. parents C. studies
D. holidays 8. A. his
D. other’s 9. A. try
D. enjoy 10. A. in
D. on 11. A. miss B. lose
D. fail 12. A. few B. any
D. none 13. A. give B. take
D. send 14. A. thing B. same
D. kind 15. A. strong B. heavy
D. ill 例5：
Have you ever asked yourself why children go to school? You will probably __1__ they go to learn languages, geography, history, science and all __2__ subjects. That is quite __3__, but __4__ do they learn these things? We send our children to school to __5__ them for their future work and life. Nearly everything they study at school has some practical use __6__ their life, but is that the __7__ reason they go to school?
4 There is __8__ in education than just learning facts. We go to school above all __9__ how to learn, so that when we have left school we can go on learning. If a man really knows __10__, he will always be successful, because whenever he has to do __11__ he will quickly teach himself how to do it in the best way. The uneducated person, on the other __12__, is __13__ unable to do it, or does it badly, so the pupils of school is not just __14__ languages, geography, science, etc, but to teach pupils the __15__ to learn. 1. A. speak
D. tell 2. A. the
C. the other
D. other the 3. A. true
D. wrong 4. A. how
D. what 5. A. stop
D. prepare 6. A. at
D. with 7. A. best
D. first 8. A. many
D. most 9. A. learn
B. to learn C. learning D. learned 10.A. how to learn
B. why to learn
C. how does he learn
D. why does he learn 11.A. anything new
B. something new
C. new anything
D. new something 12.A. way
D. hand 13.A. both
C. neither
D. not 14.A. learn
B. to learn C. teach
D. to teach 15.A. subjects
B. reasons C. way
D. knowledge 例6： Do you know how to study __1__ and make your study more effective ( 有效的)? We all know that Chinese students usually study very hard for long __2__, This is very good ,but it doesn’t__3__a lot ,for an effective student must have enough sleep ,enough food and enough rest and __4__. Every day you need to go out for a walk or visit some friends or some nice places. It’s good for your__5__. When you return __6__your studies, your mind will be refreshed(清醒)and you’ll learn more__7__study better. Psychologists (心理学家) __8__ that learning takes place this way. Here take English learning __9__ an example. First you make a lot of progress and you feel happy. Then your language study seems __10__ the same. So you will think you’re learning __11_ and you may give up. This can last for days or even weeks, yet you __12__ give up, and at some point your language study will again take another big __13__. You’ll see that you really have been learning all along. If you get enough sleep, food, rest and exercise, studying, English can be very effective and __14_ . Don’t give up along the way. Learn __15__ you are sure to get a good result(结果). 1. A. well
D. best 2. A. days
D. weeks 3. A. help
D. take 4. A. exercise
B. homework
C. running
D. clothes 5. A. health
D. life 6. A. after
D. to 7. A. yet
8. A. have found
B. have taught
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定制HR最喜欢的简历
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