高频词，一定要记住哦！
（个人的）用品；
需要的东西；
物（ thing的名词复数 ）
大家都在背：
1. Remember, keep a positive attitude and good things will happen.
记住：保持乐观的心态，好事自然会发生。
来自美剧《摩登家庭》
2. Sometimes things have to fall apart to make way for better things.
有时候要到达谷底，才会慢慢变好。
来自金山词霸 每日一句
3. Do not wait for good things to happen to you. You need to walk towards happiness.
不要等待好事降临，你要向幸福进发。
来自金山词霸 每日一句
4. The happiest are not those who own all the best things, but those who can appreciate the beauty of life.
最幸福的人们并不一定什么都是最好，只是他们懂得欣赏生活的美好。
来自金山词霸 每日一句
5. It's not about making the amazing saves. It's the little things and small things that made great gatekeepers great.
伟大的门将不是靠神奇的扑救成就，而是靠注重小事和细节成功。（Tim Howard美国国家队门将）
来自金山词霸 每日一句
(不能、不必、不愿指明的)东西，事物，特征，事情 You can use thing to refer to any object, feature, or event when you cannot, need not, or do not want to refer to it more precisely.&
【搭配模式】：usu with supp
'What's that thing in the middle of the fountain?' — 'Some kind of statue, I guess.'...
“喷泉中间的那个是什么东西？”——“估计是塑像什么的吧。”
She was in the middle of clearing the breakfast things...
她正在忙着收拾早饭后的那一摊子。
If you could change one thing about yourself, what would it be?...
如果你能够改变自己的某个方面，那会是哪个方面呢？
等等;…之类 Thing is used in lists and descriptions to give examples or to increase the range of what you are referring to.&
【搭配模式】：usu pl
These are genetic disorders that only affect males normally. They are things like muscular dystrophy and haemophilia...
这些遗传病通常只发生在男性身上，如肌肉萎缩、血友病等。
The Earth is made mainly of iron and silicon and things like that...
地球主要由铁、硅等物质构成。
Big things, such as hospitals and social security, are paid for by the Government...
医疗和社会保障之类的大型项目是由政府支付。
(用于形容词后，与其一起表示该形容词的意思) Thing is often used after an adjective, where it would also be possible just to use the adjective. For example, you can say it's a different thing instead of it's different .&
【搭配模式】：adj N
Of course, literacy isn't the same thing as intelligence...
当然，识字和智力是两码事。
To be a parent is a terribly difficult thing...
为人父母真难啊。
Perhaps it's a good thing that Dizzy retired.
迪齐退休或许是件好事。
(用于强调)任何事情，每件事 Thing is often used instead of the pronouns 'anything,' or 'everything' in order to emphasize what you are saying.&
【搭配模式】：oft with brd-neg
【语用信息】：emphasis
It isn't going to solve a single thing...
这什么问题也解决不了。
Don't you worry about a thing...
你什么也不必担心。
'It's all here,' she said. 'Every damn thing.'
“都在这儿了，”她说，“所有的破玩意儿。”
(尤用于否定句中，强调恶劣或困难)这种事，这种东西 Thing is used in expressions such as such a thing or things like that, especially in negative statements, in order to emphasize the bad or difficult situation you are referring back to.&
【搭配模式】：usu with brd-neg
【语用信息】：emphasis
I don't believe he would tell Leo such a thing...
我不信他会告诉利奥这种事。
'Are you accusing me of being a thief?' — 'I have done no such thing, Tony.'...
“你在指责我是小偷吗？”——“我没有做过这种事，托尼。”
How do you actually go about discovering a thing like that?...
你到底是怎么发现这种东西的？
(尤指不太重要的)情况,形势,活动,想法 You can use thing to refer in a vague way to a situation, activity, or idea, especially when you want to suggest that it is not very important.&
【搭配模式】：supp N
【语用信息】：vagueness
【语域标签】：INFORMAL 非正式
I'm a bit unsettled tonight. This war thing's upsetting me...
我今晚有点心神不定，这场争斗让我不安。
These folks clearly take this ballroom thing very seriously.
这些家伙显然很拿舞厅这事当回事。
...the man who had spoken dismissively of the 'vision thing' when running for the presidency in 1988.
1988 年竞选总统时不以为然地谈到“那种虚幻的东西”的那个人
…之类的东西;类似于…的东西 You can use thing when you are referring to something that you are uncertain or vague about, after mentioning something that it resembles or could possibly be.&
【搭配模式】：n N
【语域标签】：INFORMAL 非正式
She'd actually taken it home and she put it in this jar thing...
她确实把它拿回了家，放在了一个罐子模样的东西里。
The captain of the submarine has got this periscope thing.
那个潜艇艇长有个类似于潜望镜之类的东西。
(用来表示将要提及重要事情或特别想要对方知道的情况) You often use thing to indicate to the person you are addressing that you are about to mention something important, or something that you particularly want them to know.&
【搭配模式】：with supp
One thing I am sure of was that she was scared...
有一点我能肯定，那就是她当时被吓到了。
The first thing parents want to know is: will the baby survive?...
父母亲最想知道的是：孩子能活下来吗？
The funny thing is that the rest of us have known that for years...
滑稽的是，那个情况我们其余的人很多年以前就知道了。
(常用于指代刚提及的事，表示强调或提供更多信息) Thing is often used to refer back to something that has just been mentioned, either to emphasize it or to give more information about it.&
Getting drunk is a thing all young men do...
喝醉酒这种情况小伙子都会有。
I never wanted to be normal. It was not a thing I ever thought desirable...
我从来也没有想要正常过。那不是我想做的事。
The Captain stretched his left leg on one of the empty chairs. He knew it was not a polite thing to do.
上尉把左腿架在了一把空椅子上。他知道这样做并不礼貌。
(无生命的)物体，东西 A thing is a physical object that is considered as having no life of its own.&
It's not a thing, Beauchamp. It's a human being!
比彻姆，那不是一件东西，是一个人！
东西，玩意儿(表示蔑视或愤怒) Thing is used to refer to something, especially a physical object, when you want to express contempt or anger towards it.&
【语用信息】：disapproval
【STYLE标签】：SPOKEN 口语
This thing's virtually useless...
这玩意儿简直一点用也没有。
They're armed with sub-machine-guns or machine-pistols or whatever you call those things...
他们持有轻机枪或者冲锋枪，还是什么玩意儿的。
Turn that thing off!
把那东西关掉！
家伙，东西（用以提及人或动物的某一特点，通常表示喜爱之情) You can call a person or an animal a particular thing when you want to mention a particular quality that they have and express your feelings towards them, usually affectionate feelings.&
【搭配模式】：adj N
【语域标签】：INFORMAL 非正式
You really are quite a clever little thing...
你真是个聪明的小家伙。
Oh you lucky thing!
你这个走运的家伙！
衣物;财物;财产 Your things are your clothes or possessions.&
【搭配模式】：poss N
Sara told him to take all his things and not to return...
萨拉叫他带着他的全部家当离开，再也别回来。
Is there anything you'd
like to borrow, before your own things are unpacked?
你在打开行李之前还要借什么东西吗？
(泛指)情况 Things can refer to the situation or life in general and the way it is changing or affecting you.&
Everyone agrees things are getting better...
大家都认为，情况正在好转。
A change of ownership might improve things...
改变所有权也许能使情况改善。
How are things going?
日子过得怎么样？
物质生活;精神生活 Things can refer to a particular aspect of life, such as the physical or spiritual aspect.&
【搭配模式】：with supp
...a movement away from the things of this world to the things of the spirit...
I think I'm more aware now of some spiritual things and I do believe in good and evil.
我觉得我现在更加注重精神生活，而且我真的相信善恶报应。
(难以言表的)可怕的事情，怪事，恐怖的事情 You can refer to something that is too frightening, strange, or horrible to describe clearly as a thing .&
...John W. Campbell, author of 'The Thing From Another World.'
约翰·W.坎贝尔，《外星来客》的作者
流行的东西;时尚 If you say that something is the thing, you mean that it is fashionable or popular.&
【搭配模式】：the N
I feel under pressure to go out and get drunk because it's the thing to do...
我感觉不得不出去喝他个一醉方休，因为流行这样。
They were obviously of the opinion that his taste was not quite the thing.
他们显然认为他的品味已不太流行。
在各种情况下;总是 In all things means in every situation and at all times.&
【搭配模式】：n/adj PHR
【STYLE标签】：LITERARY 文
Sara wished Franklin to follow family tradition, in this as in all things.
萨拉希望富兰克林在这件事上和所有其他事情一样，能遵循家庭传统。
...the old rule of health, which prescribes moderation in all things.
提倡凡事适可而止的传统养生之道
八面玲珑;四面讨好 If you say that someone or something is trying to be all things to all men or to all people, you are criticizing them because they are trying to behave in a way that will please everyone, and this is impossible.&
【搭配模式】：V inflects
【语用信息】：disapproval
I realised I had a big problem. I wanted to be all things to all people...
我意识到我有个大毛病，我总想不得罪任何人。
The film tries to be all things to all men — comedy, romance, fantasy, and satire.
这部电影试图面面俱到——既是喜剧、爱情剧、梦幻剧，还想是讽刺剧。
做(正确或得体的)事 If, for example, you do the right thing or do the decent thing in a situation, you do something which is considered correct or socially acceptable in that situation.&
【搭配模式】：V inflects
People want to do the right thing and buy 'green'...
人们想要做正确的事，于是购买“绿色”产品。
Carrington did the honourable thing and resigned...
卡林顿作出了令人敬佩的举动，辞了职。
I think I did the wrong thing.
我想我做错了。
符合社会习俗的事 If you say that something is the done thing, you mean it is the most socially acceptable way to behave.&
【搭配模式】：oft with brd-neg
【语域标签】：BRIT 英
It was not the done thing. In those days the man was supposed to be the provider.
那不符合社会习俗。在那个年代，养家的应该是男人。
第一件事/最后一件事;一大早/临睡前 If you do something first thing, you do it at the beginning of the day, before you do anything else. If you do it last thing, you do it at the end of the day, before you go to bed or go to sleep.&
【搭配模式】：PHR after v
I'll go see her, first thing...
我一早就去看她。
Take the money to your office without fail, first thing in the morning...
早上第一件事是一定要把钱拿到办公室去。
I always do it last thing on a Saturday...
这件事我总是放在星期六晚上睡觉前做。
对…很反感;对…有特别的感觉 If you have a thing about someone or something, you have very strong feelings about them.&
【搭配模式】：V inflects
【语域标签】：INFORMAL 非正式
I had always had a thing about red hair...
我一直很讨厌红头发。
He's got this thing about ties.
他对领带很在意。
最好…，…较好(用来提出建议或评论) You say it is a good thing to do something to introduce a piece of advice or a comment on a situation or activity.&
【搭配模式】：PHR inf
Can you tell me whether it is a good thing to prune an apple tree?...
你能否告诉我该不该修剪苹果树？
In a new democracy, it is no bad thing to master the art of compromise...
在新的民主国家，掌握妥协这门艺术不是件坏事。
It is a terrible thing to doubt someone you have trusted all your life.
怀疑你信任了一辈子的人是很叫人痛心的事。
大肆渲染;小题大做;把事情闹大 If you make a thing of something or make a thing about it, you talk about it or do it in an exaggerated way, so that it seems much more important than it really is.&
【搭配模式】：V inflects
【语域标签】：INFORMAL 非正式
Gossips made a big thing about him going on shopping trips with her...
风言风语把他和她出去购物这件事闹得沸沸扬扬。
I took his hand to make a big thing of introducing him to my mother...
我拉着他的手，郑重其事地把他介绍给了我母亲。
I didn't have time to tell you, and anyway, I didn't want to make a big thing out of it.
我当时没有时间对你讲，再说了，我也不想把这事闹大。
(用于对比两种想法、行动、局势，强调第二种更困难、重要或极端)…是一回事 You can say that the first of two ideas, actions, or situations is one thing when you want to contrast it with a second idea, action, or situation and emphasize that the second one is much more difficult, important, or extreme.&
【搭配模式】：V inflects
【语用信息】：emphasis
It was one thing t it was another to physically walk out the door...
说走容易，真要抬腿跨出门可就难了。
Borrowing $100,000 is one thing. Owing $425,000 is another!
借 10 万美元事儿小，欠 42.5 万美元这事可就大了。
一方面;一来 You can say for one thing when you are explaining a statement or answering a question, to suggest that you are not giving the whole explanation or answer, and that there are other points that you could add to it.&
【搭配模式】：PHR with cl
She was a monster. For one thing, she really enjoyed cruelty...
她是个恶魔。一方面，她确实以残忍为乐。
She was unable to sell it, because for one thing its size was awkward...
她卖不掉它，一来是由于尺寸用起来不方便。
'How have the sanctions affected your life in Belgrade?' — 'Well, for one thing, we already have shortages.'
“制裁措施对于你在贝尔格莱德的生活有多大影响？”——“嗯，首先，我们已经缺乏物资。”
各种原因;诸多事项 You can use the expression 'one thing and another' to suggest that there are several reasons for something or several items on a list, but you are not going to explain or mention them all.&
【搭配模式】：oft with PHR
【STYLE标签】：SPOKEN 口语
What with one thing and another, it was fairly late in the day when we returned to Shrewsbury...
忙完这个又忙那个，等到我们回到什鲁斯伯里的时候，天色已经很晚了。
Everybody came in with their Christmas order for beer and spirits and port and one thing and another.
每位来客都要为圣诞节订购啤酒、烈酒、波尔图葡萄酒等这样那样的酒。
没办法解释的事;赶巧发生 If you say it is just one of those things you mean that you cannot explain something because it seems to happen by chance.&
【搭配模式】：V inflects
'I wonder why.' Mr. Dambar shrugged. 'It must be just one of those things, I guess.'
“我也不知道为啥，”丹巴先生耸了耸肩，“我想可能是赶巧了吧。”
It was simply one of those things, pure coincidence.
这是没办法的事，纯属巧合。
顺理成章;自然而然 You say one thing led to another when you are explaining how something happened, but you do not really want to give the details or you think people will be able to imagine the details.&
【搭配模式】：V inflects
He came by on Saturday to see if she was lonely. One thing led to another and he stayed the night.
他星期六过来看看她是不是感到孤独。自然而然地，他就留下来过夜了。
我行我素;特立独行 If you do your own thing, you live, act, or behave in the way you want to, without paying attention to convention or depending on other people.&
【搭配模式】：V inflects
【语域标签】：INFORMAL 非正式
We accept the right of all men and women to do their own thing, however bizarre...
我们承认所有人——无论男女——都有权以自己的方式去生活，不管其方式有多么怪异离奇。
She was allowed to do her own thing as long as she kept in touch by phone.
只要她保持电话联系，她就可以随心所欲地生活。
不复存在的事物;过去的东西 If something is a thing of the past, it no longer exists or happens, or is being replaced by something new.&
【搭配模式】：v-link PHR
Painful typhoid injections are a thing of the past, thanks to the introduction of an oral vaccine...
自从发明了口服疫苗后，令人痛苦的伤寒疫苗注射就成为了过去。
Cheap computers, faxes and phone calls will make commuting to work a thing of the past.
廉价的电脑、传真和电话通信将使每天坐车上下班成为历史。
幻视/幻听 If you say that someone is seeing or hearing things, you mean that they believe they are seeing or hearing something that is not really there.&
【搭配模式】：V inflects
Dr Payne led Lana back into the examination room and told her she was seeing things...
佩恩大夫把拉娜领回检查室，告诉她她有幻视。
I thought I was hearing things yesterday. I thought I heard a cuckoo.
我想昨天我出现幻听了。我以为听到了布谷鸟叫。
没有这回事;不可能的事 You can say there is no such thing as something to emphasize that it does not exist or is not possible.&
【搭配模式】：usu v-link PHR
【语用信息】：emphasis
There really is no such thing as a totally risk-free industry...
完全没有风险的行业是不存在的。
'I found a mermaid.' — 'Don't
be daft. There's no such thing.'
“我发现了一条美人鱼。”——“别说傻话了。哪有那种东西。”
原因是;情况是;问题是 You say the thing is to introduce an explanation, comment, or opinion, that relates to something that has just been said. The thing is is often used to identify a problem relating to what has just been said.&
【搭配模式】：PHR cl
【STYLE标签】：SPOKEN 口语
'What does your market research consist of?' — 'Well, the thing is, it depends on our target age group.'...
“你的市场调查有哪些内容？”“嗯，这个嘛，要视我们的目标年龄群体而定。”
I'm getting a grant for a speech therapy course. But the thing is, I don't know whether I want to do it any more.
我要弄到开设言语治疗课程的经费了。但问题是，我不知道自己是否还想做下去。
正是所要的;正是所需的 If you say that something is just the thing or is the very thing, you are emphasizing that it is exactly what is wanted or needed.&
【搭配模式】：usu v-link PHR
【语用信息】：emphasis
Kiwi fruit are just the thing for a healthy snack...
猕猴桃正是健康的小点心。
I know the very thing to cheer you up.
我知道什么能让你提起精神。
十分了解;精通 If you say that a person knows a thing or two about something or could teach someone a thing or two about it, you mean that they know a lot about it or are good at it.&
【搭配模式】：PHR after v
Patricia Hewitt knows a thing or two about how to be well-organised...
帕特里夏·休伊特很了解如何做到有条不紊。
They do agree Africa could teach America a thing or two about family values...
他们一致认为，在家庭价值方面，非洲可以教给美洲很多。
The peace movement has learnt a thing or two from Vietnam.
和平运动从越南学到了不少东西。
other things being equal→see:
first things first→see:
the real thing→see:
the shape of things to come→see:
1. 所有物, 财产, 用具, 用品, 局面, 形势, 情况
2. 事实；事件；情况；行为；话语；想法
3. 需要的东西；适当的东西；合适的东西
4. 所有…的事物；凡是…的东西
5. 生物；有生命的东西
6. （指人或动物，带感情色彩）人，家伙，东西
7. （个人的）用品，衣服；（某种）用具
8. 事实；事件；情况；行为；话语；想法
9. 需要的东西；适当的东西；合适的东西
10. 所有…的事物；凡是…的东西
11. 生物；有生命的东西
12. （指人或动物，带感情色彩）人，家伙，东西
13. （个人的）用品，衣服；（某种）用具
1. 【法】 物
1. any movable possession (especially articles of clothing);
"she packed her things and left"
1.危险物品
助_百度百科 ... ◎ 助听器[deaf aid] ◎ 助兴[add to the fun] ◎ 助学[ help sb. in his study].
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＞＞＞根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. All flights have __..
根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. All flights have ______ (cancel) because of bad weather. 2. Thank you very much for your ______ (introduce). 3. This railway line _______ (connect) London to Edinburgh. 4. He had finally ______ (achieve) success. 5. We are ______ (pride) of what he did.
题型：填空题难度：中档来源：同步题
1. been cancelled&& 2. introduction&&&3. connects&&&4. achieved&& 5. proud
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. All flights have __..”主要考查你对&&被动语态，名词，形容词，实义动词的单数第三人称形式，实义动词的过去分词&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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因为篇幅有限，只列出部分考点，详细请访问。
被动语态名词形容词实义动词的单数第三人称形式实义动词的过去分词
语态：是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。被动语态的构成:被动语态的基本结构：主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者）① 一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词如：Trees are planted every year. ② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词如：The road is being repaired.&③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词如：The work has been finished. ④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词如：The story was told by him. Many birds were killed last year. ⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词如：&The new house was being painted when I got home. ⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词如： He told me that the work had been finished. ⑦一般将来时& will +be + 过去分词如：The problem will be discussed tomorrow. ⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词如： He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.⑨情态动词的被动语态情态动词+ be +过去分词&&&& 如：The problem must be solved soon.Children should be taught to love animals.被动语态使用注意:1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 如：happen, break down, come out......What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如： write, sell, ride.....This pen writes well. This new book sells well. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带“to”，但变为被动语态时，须加上“to”。 例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.构成be+done.主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：①把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语②把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。③原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。 ④其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。不用于被动语态的情形： ①不及物动词没有被动语态 这类动词有take place, happen, come about, break out, appear, disappear, last,& arise等。 例如：A fire broke out during the night. ②某些静态动词不用于被动语态 这类动词有have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等。&例如：My shoes do not fit me. ③宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态 例如：We should help each other. 关于主动形式表示被动意义:①系动词（如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等）要用主动表被动，因为系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。 例如：The building looks very beautiful. ②当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如：The book sells well. ③有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。 例如：Her eyes filled with tears. ④不定式to blame, to let用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。 例如：Who is to blame? ⑤某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如：The book is difficult to understand. ⑥不定式用于某些动词（如have, have got, get, want, need等）的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如：Do you have time to help us? ⑦在too...to do sth.和...enough to do sth. 这两个结构中，若主语与其后不定式为to do sth.被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义（有时也可直接用 被动式）。 例如：The writing is too faint to read. ⑧be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。 例如：This movie is worth seeing. ⑨在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如：The house needs cleaning. 表示“据说”的三类被动句型:①It is said that...句式 例如：It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. ②There is said that...句式& 例如：There is said to be plenty of oil off our coast. ③sb./sth.is said that...句式 例如：Mr. Brown is said to have died of liver cancer. 被动语态各时态构成 ：
一般现在时
am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时
was/were+过去分词
现在进行时
am/is/are being+过去分词
过去进行时
was/were being+过去分词
一般将来时
will be+过去分词
过去将来时
would be+过去分词
现在完成时
have/has been+过去分词
过去完成时
had been+过去分词
情态动词be+过去分词情态动词的被动语态：一、理解含情态动词的被动语态的概念含情态动词的被动语态说明某个被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有“can、may、must、need、should”等，分别表示“能够被……”，“可以被……”，“必须被……”，“需要被……“，应该被……”等。二、掌握含情态动词的被动语态的不同句式的变换方法含情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均借助于情态动词完成。（一）一般疑问句直接将陈述句被动语态中的情态动词提前。如：Mustthisworkbedoneatonce？这项工作必须立即完成吗？Shouldyourhomeworkbefinishedbeforesix？你的家庭作业应在六点前完成吗？（二）特殊疑问句由疑问词加上一般疑问句被动语态构成。如：Whenmustthisworkbedone？这工作必须在什么时候完成？Wherecanthelostbookbefound？这本失踪的书能在什么地方被找到？（三）反意疑问句借助情态动词构成附加疑问部分。如：Thisbridgecanbebuiltnextyear，can'tit？这座桥明年能建成，是吗？Thisbookshouldn'tbetakenoutofthelibrary，shouldit？这本书不应被带出图书馆，是吗？（四）否定句在情态动词后面加上“not”或“never”即可，但“must”表“必要”时否定式为“needn't”。如：Thisworkneedn'tbedoneatonce．这项工作没必要立即做。Thisdustbinshouldn'tbeputhere．这个垃圾箱不应放在这儿。三、含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答应保留原情态动词，但“must”表“必须”时，其否定回答应用“needn't”、“need”表“必要”时，其肯定回答应用“must”。如：—Shouldmyexercisesbefinishedtoday？我的作业应在今天完成吗？—Yes，theyshould．是的，应在今天完成。（No，theyshouldn't．不，不应在今天完成。）—Musthisexercisebookbehandedinatonce？他的练习本必须立即上交吗？—Yes，itmust．是的，必须立即上交。（No，itneedn't．不，不必立即上交。）—Needhebeoperatedonatonce？他必须立即手术吗？—Yes，hemust．是的，他必须。（No，heneedn't．不，他不必。）名词:是词性的一种，也是实词的一种，是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词分类:一、按意义分类1．专有名词 表示具体的人，事物，地点，团体或机构的专有名称（第一个字母要大写）。 例：China（中国）、Asia（亚洲） Beijing（北京）、the People’s Republic of China（中华人民共和国）。专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语，则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall（长城）。 姓氏名如果采用复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人（复数含义）。如：the Greens( 格林一家人）。2．普通名词 表示某些人，某类事物，某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如：teacher 老师、tea 茶、 reform 改革。　普通名词又可进一步分为五类：①个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示单个的人和事物。　（car 汽车 room 房间 fan 风扇photo 照片）②集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示一群人或一些事物的名称。　　( people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队 government政府 group 集团 )③复合名词：两个或两个以上名词连在一起构成的名词　（boy-friend男友 passer-by过路人 brother-in-law内兄） ④物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。　　( fire 火 steel 钢 air 空气 water 水 milk牛奶 )⑤抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作，状态，品质或其他抽象概念。　　( labour 劳动 health 健康 life 生活 friendship友情 patience耐力 )二、按是否可数分类名词又可分为可数名词（Countable Nouns）和不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）1、不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an。抽象名词，物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词2、可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；因此它有复数形式。名词易混点举例：一.有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同。如：work（工作） ——a work （著作）;&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &glass（玻璃）——a glass （玻璃杯）;&&&&&&&&&&&& &aper（纸） ——a paper（报纸；文件；试卷）tea（茶） ——a tea （一种茶）（表示种类）;&&&&& wood（木头） ——a wood （小树林）;&&&&&&&& room（空间） ——a room （房间）二.容易混淆的名词1.work/job① work是不可数名词,有体力或脑力劳动的意思,又有作为职业概念的“工作”的意思。② job作为“工作”解,其实有两层含义:一个是“干活”的“活”或“零工”;一个作为职业的“事”,是可数名词。&job意思是a piece of work，指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作，实际含义是“职业”，而work通常指抽象意义上的工作，是不可数名词，也可指“工作场所”。如:I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.2. wish / hope①&wish之后可以跟含有动词不定式的复合宾语(wish sb. to do sth.),而hope不可以这样用。例如:I wish you to be happy.我希望你快乐。②&hope和wish都可以跟从句。hope之后的从句的谓语动词用一般将来时或一般现在时,所表达的愿望可以实现;wish之后的从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气(以后学),表达的愿望无法实现。例如:I hope you like the flowers.我希望你喜欢这些花。I wish I were a bird.我希望我是一只小鸟。(虚拟语气)③hope和wish都可以跟动词不定式(hope/wish to do sth.)。wish比较正式,口气比较强烈; 而用hope所表达的愿望容易实现。例如:I hope (wish) to go to college.我希望上大学。④wish可接双宾语表示“祝愿、祝福”等,但hope却没有这种用法。例如:I wish you success.我祝愿你成功。3.silly/stupid/foolish三个词都含有“蠢”的意思,但略有不同。stupid所表达的程度最强,指智力、理解力和学习能力差;silly指头脑简单、傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有一定的感情色彩;foolish是普通用语,尤其是在口语中广泛使用。如:He is stupid in learning math.他学数学很笨。Stop asking such silly questions.别再问这样傻的问题了。You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.你真蠢,丢掉这么好的一个机会。
4.instead/instead of
instead/instead of
instead是副词,一般放在句首或句末。而instead of 是介词短语,表示“代替”时, 含有“对比”的意思,其后常跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。如:
Jack didn’t study law. Instead, he decided to become an actor.
杰克没有学法律,而是决定作一名演员。
If you can’t go to the meeting, I can go instead.
如果你不去开会, 我可以(代替你)去。
Could I have tuna instead of ham?
我能否要金枪鱼而不是火腿？
Miss Wang is ill. I’ll teach you instead of her.
王老师病了,我代替她给你们上课。
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
我们走着下楼梯而没有乘电梯。
5.frightened/afraid/terrible
frightened/afraid/terrible
① frightened是由过去分词转化的形容词,常指突如其来的震惊,可用very修饰,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
②afraid只能做表语,多用于习惯经常地“惧怕”某事物, 泛指一种“恐惧心理”;后接名词、代词、动名词等时,用介词接动词时,用带to的不定式;接从句用连词that (可省略)。
③ terrible指极端的恐怖,令人痛苦或不知所措。
6.learn/study
learn/study
二者都作“学、学习”讲,有时可以互换。如:
When did you begin to study/learn English?
你是什么时候开始学习英语的?
study侧重学习的过程;而learn侧重学习的结果,常译作“学到、学会”。 如:
He studied hard and at last learned the language.
他努力学习,终于学会了这门语言。
study用于较高深或周密的研究;而learn多用于初级阶段的学习或带有模仿性的操作技艺等。如:
He is studying the math problem.
他正在研究这个数学问题。
He learns English on the radio.
他通过广播学英语。
The baby is learning to speak.
这个婴儿正在学说话。
7.there be/have/own
there be/have/own
①there be表示某处(或某时)"有"(某人或某物),表示客观存在之“有”。
②have是常用词,表示所属关系,是“所有”之“有”。
③ own指合法地拥有某物,强调具有法律上的所有权。
8.answer/reply
answer/reply
这两个词都可作“回答”讲,但用法有所区别。reply为正式用语,多指经过考虑的、有针对性的、详细的回答,常用作不及物动词,和介词to连用,其宾语为名词或代词,这时可以与answer互换;answer既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,常指口头或书面的回答,是一般用语。如:
The old man smiled before he replied to my question.
老人在回答我的问题前笑了笑。
I cannot answer you now. 我现在不能回答你。
How shall I answer? 我该怎样回答?
值得注意的是,answer可引申为“应答”之类的意义,这时不能用reply来代替。如:
answer the door& (门铃响了)去开门
answer the telephone& 接电话名词的语法功能：　名词在句中作主语，宾语，介词宾语，宾语补足语，表语以及名词短语作状语。1．主语：The bagis in the desk.书包在桌子里边。2．宾语：I washed my clothes yesterday. 昨天我洗了我的衣服。3．表语：This is a good book. 这是一本好书。4．宾语补足语We selected him our monitor.我们选他为我们的班长。5．介词宾语Mary lives with her parents.玛丽和她的父母住在一起。6．定语：She is a Partymember. 她是一位党员。名词口诀：一、人和事物各有名，万千名目可辨清。表示名称即名词，具体抽象有不同。　　时间空间和地点，方向位置有专称。主宾定表都可作，名词具有多功能。二、可数名词不可分，若要分离变性质。不可数名词可分离，一分再分仍原物。英语名词特殊用法:1.family指“家庭”时，强调全体；指“家里人”时强调个体，与住房无关home指“家”，表示同一家庭共同生活的地方，具有感情色彩Kate has left home for school.可作副词也可作名词，意思是“在家”house指“住宅”、“住房”The Greens live in a big house.
2.man总称“人”、“人类”，用单数people泛指“人们”，表示复数概念:People often work in the day.指“人”的个体，但只表示复数概念:There are five people in my family.前面加定冠词指“人民”，表示复数概念:Let’s work for the people.指“民族”时，有单、复数之分:The Chinese people is a hardworking people.person强调“人”的个体，有单、复数之分:There are five persons in my family.
3.police总称“警察”，表示复数概念:policeman强调“警察”的个体，有单、复数之分:My father is a policeman.
4.universe指“宇宙万物”，强调物质概念:When we talk about the universe，we mean the earth， the sun，the moon and many other stars.space指“太空”、“宇宙空间”，强调空间概念:Many countries have sent up the satellites into space.“空间”、“余地”、“空地”:There is no space on the bus.
5.不同国家的人的单复数:
形容词：简称adj.或a，形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏与否，形容词在句中作定语，表语，宾语补足语。她是一个好学生，她学习努力。She is a good student, and she works hard.这辆自行车很贵。This bike is expensive.对不起,我现在很忙。I am sorry, I'm busy now.你为这次会议做好准备了吗? Have you got everything ready for the meeting?形容词的语法功能：一、作定语He is the greatest writer alive.他是依然健在的伟大的作家。Somewone else has done it.别人已经做了这事。二、作补语形容词做主语补足语和宾语补足语时,可以表示其现状、状态，也可以表示某一动作的结果，并常用在表示“认为，看待”的动词如believe，prove，consider等候。例如：The news made her sad.这消息使他感到非常悲伤。Don't marry young.不要早婚。三、作状语形容词或形容词短语可作状语，形容词作状语时，可以看作是“being+形容词”结构的省略，可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、强调或伴随状况等意义。例如：Enthusiastic，they are co-operative.热心的时候他们是很合作的。Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems.不管是穷人还是富人，不管是年轻人还是老人，我们都有问题。四、做表语The ship was adrift on unknown seas．那艘船在陌生的海域漂流。五、做主语Old and young joined the discussion.Rich or poor meant the same to him.作感叹语Very good!Say it again.Stupid!He must be crasy.形容词的几个特殊用法：most 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示 " 极,很,非常, 十分"。 It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事，太难了。 "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..." 表示 " 越... 就越..."。 The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。 The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。 The more, the better. 越多越好。 " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。 It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了. It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。 The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。 The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。 This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。&I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。 the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。 I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。 The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。 The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。
以-ly结尾的形容词1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，brotherly，仍为形容词。改错：(错） She sang lovely.　　&&&&&&&&&& （错） He spoke to me very friendly.　　 （对） Her singing was lovely.　　（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词，也为副词。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，earlyThe Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.
too+adj.+to句型&& “太…而不能”& He is too young to go to school.&=He isn’t old enough to go to school.&=He is so young that he can’t go to school.形容词的位置:1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语?&& 单个形容词修饰名词时，一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如：?&& a red flower一朵红花?an interesting story一个有趣的故事?&& six blind men 六个盲人?my own house我自己的房子?如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定，越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面，音节多的形容词放在后面。&& 2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：?&& &&& She has something new to tell me.?她有一些新的情况告诉我。?&& &&& I have nothing important to do today.?今天我没有重要的工作要做。?&& &&& Do you know anybody else here??这儿你还有认识的人吗？?&& 3.形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：?&& &&& It is a problem difficult to work out.?这是一道难以解决的问题。?&& &&& Edison is a student difficult to teach.?爱迪生是个很难教的学生。?&& &&& This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.?这是一种易栽的花。?&& 4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。例如：?&& &&& All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.?&& &&& 所有的人，无论老少，都应该严格要求自己。?&& &&& We are building a new school, modern and super.?&& &&& 我们正在建一所现代化的高档次的新型学校。?&& &&& All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的国家，无论穷富都应该互相帮助。?&& 5.有少数形容词，如enough和possible，既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：?&&& Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足够的时间做准备吗？?&&& Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为一次可能的机遇。6.有些形容词，置于名词之前与之后，含义不尽相同。例如：?&& the writer present 出席的作者?&& the present writer 现在的作者?7.表示长，宽，高，深，及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。This river is about 100 metres wide.The building is more than 50 metres tall.&He is less than 40 years old.8. enough修饰名词时，在名词前后都可以。They said that they had enough food.=&They said that they had food enough.&enough 修饰形容词和副词，位于其后。&He is old enough to join the army.&He isn’t old enough to go to school.9.形容词else通常放在疑问代词，疑问副词或不定代词后&what/who/where/when/when else&something/anything/nothing…else&What else did you do?&Do you have anything else to say?10.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。This is the book easy to read.这是一本容易读的书。形容词知识拓展:名词化的形容词：有些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人或事物，这时，它相当于一个名词，可作主语或宾语；表示一类人时，看作复数，表示一类事物时，通常看作单数。Robin Hooh(罗宾汉) hated the rich and loved the poor.The old are taken good& care of in American.the+形容词，常见的短语有：the old/the young/the sick/the white/the black/the rich/the poor/the dead(死者)形似副词的形容词：以-ly结尾的词通常是副词，但是下列词为形容词。friendly& lonely (孤独的) ；lively (活着的)；lovely(可爱的)复合形容词的类型：(1)名词+过去分词& man-made satellite 人造卫星(2)形容词+现在分词& a good-looking man(3)形容词+名词& second-hand cars(4)数词+名词-ed&& three-legged chairs三条腿的椅子(5)数词+名词& 400- metre race(6)副词+现在分词& hard-working students(7)副词+过去分词& well-known writers(8)形容词+形容词& a dark-red jacket(9)形容词+过去分词& ready-made clothes 成品服装含有形容词的常用句型：(1) It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth.(good/ kind/nice/polite/clever/foolish… )It’s very kind of you to help me.(2) It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.(difficult/easy/hard/dangerous/usefulinteresting/important…)It’s important for us to learn English well.(3)下列形容词后常跟动词不定式&表示情感或情绪的形容词：glad,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid,thankful…&I'm glad to see you.表示能力，意志或推测的形容词：ready,able,sure,certain…&I’m sorry to hear that.某些现在分词和过去分词可作形容词the moving story 令人感动的故事a moved boy&& 一个被感动的男孩a frightened child 一个被吓到的孩子a frightening film 一个恐怖电影在一般现在时的肯定句中，当主语为非第三人称单数时，谓语动词用原形；当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。实义动词的一般现在时的单数第三人称形式遵从“s，es, ies”六字母规则。如下表所示：
实意动词单数第三人称变化规律：注意：不规则变化的有have—has， be—is， go—goes， do—does 一般现在时，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式&主语是第三人称单数有以下几种情况：&
（1）&不可数名词做主语：Some&water&is&in&the&glass&
（2）&单个的可数名词做主语：
The&girl&is&Chinese.&&My&watch&is&on&the&dresser.&
（3）&He&,she&,&it&等代词单个做主语:&He&is&in&the&tree.&She&likes&her&family&very&much.&（4）&单个的人名，地名或称呼作主语：Mary&is&a&doctor.&&Uncle&Li&speaks&a&little&English.&&&Changchun&is&a&beautiful&city.&
（5）&指示代词this,&that&等作主语:&This&is&a&pear.&&That&is&an&apple&.&
（6）&Everyone,&everything&,something,&nobody,&nothing.等不定代词作主语时&Is&everyone&here&today?&&&Everything&is&ok&.&
（7）单个数字作主语时：”8”&is&a&good&number&in&China.动词单数第三人称形式的一般现在时的句子的否定句、疑问句及特殊疑问句。&&&&
否定句：在主语的后面实义动词前加doesn’t(注意实义动词应恢复原形。)&&&&&
主语（单三）+doesn’&+&动词原形+其他&
Jim&likes&football变否定：&Jim&doesn’t&like&football&&&&&&&&&&&&&
He&has&lunch&at&school.&变否定：He&doesn’t&have&lunch&at&school.&&&
一般疑问句及答语，在句子前面加助动词does.&实义动词恢复原形&&&&&
Does&+主语（单三）+&动词原形+其他&
Does&your&father&work&?&Yes,&he&does.&/No,&he&doesn’t&&&&
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句&
特殊疑问词+&does&+主语（单三）+&动词原形+其他&&&&&&&&&
Where&does&a&bird&live&?&&&&&&&&&
How&does&she&go&to&school？&过去分词的用法也有两个特点：一是表示完成，二是表示被动。实意动词过去分词变化规律和他的过去式变化规律几乎是一样的：①一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked，work—worked ②以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved，dance—danced ③以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为ied，如try—tried，study—studied ④以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾一个字母，再加ed， 如stop—stopped，permit—permitted 注意：以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l,如control—controlled，尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled/traveled。特例：picnic—picnicked，另外还有很多动词的过去分词是不合乎上述规则的，需熟记。实意动词过去式与过去分词的区别:过去式是发生过的事; 过去分词形式是发生了并且对现在造成影响的事 。过去式是用来作谓语的 过去分词用于完成时结构的谓语。另外，在两者的形式也有所差异，有的过去式和过去分词一样 ,有的不一样 .比如: begin began begun 就不一样 teach taught taught 就一样 用的时候一定要分清过去分词结构:1. 过去分词独立结构过去分词有时可有其独立主语，二者构成一种独立分词结构。过去分词独立结构多用于书面语中，常用作状语，用来表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等。如：He rushed into the room，his face covered with sweat.他满脸是汗跑进屋来。(表伴随)This done，we went home.做完此事，我们就回家了。（表时间）All our savings gone，the couple started looking for jobs.积蓄全部用完了，这对夫妻就开始找工作。（表原因）That point settled，the speaker went on to the next one.那个问题讲完了，演讲人继续讲下一个问题。（表时间）2. with/without+宾语+过去分词表示伴随情况的独立结构With everything taken into consideration,we all think this is a very good plan.每件事都考虑到了，我们都认为这是一项不错的计划。With different methods used，different results are obtained.采用不同的方法，得到不同的结果。She went angrily away without a word spoken.她一个字也没说，就生气地走了。3. 过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语(1) 过去分词（短语）在感官动词和使役动词等之后作宾语补足语，这些词语有： have 让，使 keep 使处于某状态 get 使得see 看见 hear 听见 find 发现feel 感觉到 leave 使处于某状态 make 使want 想要 start 引起 notice 注意observe 观察 watch 注视 set 使处于某状态如：The work left him exhausted.这个活使得他筋疲力尽。The doorkeeper heard the chain and bolts withdrawn.看门人听见门上的链和拴被拉开了。The tenant found the house renovated.房客看到房子已整修过了。It’s better to leave some things unsaid.有些事倒是不说的好。I don’t want my name linked with him.我不要把我的名字和他联系在一起。The person concerned should like this matter settled immediately.当事人希望此事立刻得到解决。(2)过去分词（短语）在使役动词get或have之后作宾语补足语，表示的动作往往是由别人完成的。如：I had my car repaired我把我的车修好了。（别人修的）I had my hair cut我理发了。（别人给我理的）We must get the television set repaired我们必须把电视机修好。（被别人修）He had his window broken to pieces.他的窗户给打破了。（被他人打破）初中英语不规则动词过去式、过去分词表:(1)AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）cost（花费）cost&&&cost&&&&&&&&&&&& cut（割）&&cut&&&&&& cut&&&&&&&&&&& &spit&&&&& spit/spat&&&& spit/ spat(英)hit（打）&&&&hit&&&&&& &hit&&&&&&&&&&& &hurt 伤害）&hurt&&&&hurt&let（让）&& &let&&&& & let&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& put（放） put&&&& &putread （读）read& &read(2) AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）beat（跳动）& beat& beaten(3) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）become（变成） became become&&&&&&&&& awake&& awoke& awokencome（来） came come&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&run（跑）& ran& run(4) ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）dig（挖）& dug& dug&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& build& built&&& builtget（得到）& got& got/gotten&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& catch& caught&& caughthang（吊死）& hanged& hanged&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& deal&& dealt&&&& dealthang（悬挂）& hung&&&&& hung&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& feed&&& fed&&&& fedhold（抓住）& held& held&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& find&&& found&& foundshine（照耀） shone shone&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& sit（坐）&& sat& satpay&&& paid&&&& paid&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& win （赢）& won& wonsend&& sent&&&& sent&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& meet（遇见）& met& metshoot&& shot&&&& shot&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& keep （保持） kept& kepttell&&& told&&&& told&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& sleep（睡）&& slept& sleptwin&&& won&&&& won&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& sweep（扫）& swept&& sweptfeel（感觉）& felt& felt&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& smell（闻）& smelt/smelled&& smelt/ smelledleave（离开） left& left&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& build（建设） built& builtlend（借出）& lent& lent&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& send （传送）&&&& sent& sentspend（花费） spent spent&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& lose （丢失） lost& lostburn （燃烧） burnt& burnt&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& learn（学习）& learnt& learntmean（意思是） meant& meant&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& catch（抓住） caught& caughtteach（教）& taught& taught&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& bring（带来） brought&& broughtfight （战斗） fought& fought&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& buy（买）& bought&& boughtthink（想）& thought thought&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& hear （听见） heard heardsell（卖）& sold& sold&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& tell（告诉）& told& toldsay（说）& said& said&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& find（找到）& found foundhave/has（有） had& had&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& make（制造） made madestand（站）& stood stood&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& understand明白understood understood(5) ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）begin（开始） began begun&&&&&&&&&&&&&& take（取）& took& takendrink（喝）& drank drunk&&&&&&&&&&&&&& mistake（弄错） mistook&& mistakenring（铃响）& rang& rung&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ride（骑）&& rode& riddensing （唱）& sang& sung&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& do（做）& did& doneswim（游泳） swam swum&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& write（写）& wrote writtenblow（吹）& blew& blown&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& go（去）went& gonedraw （画）& drew& drawn&&&&&&&&&&&&&& lie（平躺）& lay& lainfly（飞）& flew& flown&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& see（看见）& saw& seengrow（生长） grew& grown&&&&&&&&&&&&&& wear （穿） wore& wornknow（知道） knew known&&&&&&&&&&&& be ( am, is, are )（是）was, were& beenthrow（投掷） threw thrown&&&&&&&&&&&&& show（出示） showed shownbreak（打破） broke broken&&&&&&&&&&&&& choose（选择） chose chosenforget（忘记） forgot forgotten (forgot)&&& bear& bore& borne/bornspeak（说，讲） spoke spoken&&&&&&&&&& draw& drew& drawnwake（醒）& woke woken&&&&&&&&&&&&&& dream& dreamt/ dreamed& dreamt/ dreameddrive（驾驶） drove driven&&&&&&&&&&&& hide&&& hid&& hiddeneat（吃）& ate& eaten&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& lay& laid& laid&& 放置fall（落下）& fell& fallen&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& lie& lied&& lied&& 撒谎give（给）& gave&&& given&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& lie&& lay&& lain&& 躺rise（升高）& rose& risen&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& see&&& saw&& seenshake& shook&& shaken&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& steal& stole&&& stolencan----could&&&&&&&&&&& may---might&& will---would&&& shall---shouldmust----must
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