2014年12月英语四级考试临考押题预测卷(二)（全文）
　　Part I Writing.(30 minutes)
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
2、听录音：
根据所听到的内容，回2-26题。
A. He gives up smoking.
B. lie is under economic crisis.
C. He is fired by his boss.
D. He cannot have a holiday.
A. The company is far away from his home.
B. The working hours are not convenient.
C. The job is not well paid.
D. He has to do a lot of traveling.
A. How to select fruits.
B. How to keep healthy.
C. How to have a good sleep.
D. How to protect the skin
A. Shift the phone to the technical department.
B. Teach the man how to connect the Internet.
C. Help the man repair the computer over the phone.
D. Go to the technical department for help.
A. Linda likes drinking tea.
B. Kevin doesn't fit Linda.
C. He doesn't like Kevin.
D. Linda should stay with him.
A. She felt very cold because of the weather.
B. She sent the two boys to the hospital.
C. She was frightened by the accident scene.
D. She went to help the injured immediately.
A. She is really cute.
B. She is still young.
C. She seems sincere.
D. She likes smiling.
A. The woman will be able to buy an intelligent car.
B. The man is working in a car company on intelligent cars.
C. Driving to work is really a headache.
D. Cars that drive themselves may be produced in the near future.
10、听录音，回答以下问题
A. He feels uncomfortable.
B. He suffers from sleeplessness.
C. He has a stomachache.
D. He has a poor appetite.
A. A sandwich and a cup of coffee.
B. A lot of meat.
C. Vegetables and fruit.
D. Vitamin pills.
A. Because he has been eating properly.
B. Because he has been working late for two weeks.
C. Because he never takes medicine without doctors' suggestion.
D. Because he decides to start running the next morning.
A. Change lifestyle and give up coffee.
B. Take a good rest and not stay up late.
C. Drink more water and get adequate sleep.
D. Have a healthy diet and take exercise.
14、听录音，回答以下问题：
A.Course selection.
B.School registration.
C.Meeting time.
D.Degree granting.
A. Because they will do part-time jobs during the weekend.
B. Because they will take more courses in another field.
C. Because they will have more time to adapt to the college life.
D. Because they need more time to take part in campus activities.
A. Have good academic records.
B. Finish a qualified thesis.
C. Complete basic courses.
D. Accomplish more than 120 units.
17、听录音，回答以下问题：
A. People learn more about the problem of pollution.
B. Firms, individuals and governments make more efforts.
C. Scientists analyze the underlying reasons of pollution.
D. Litter and waste should be controlled at home.
A. Resource wastes.
B. Poor public health.
C. A shortage of water.
D. Food safety problems.
A. By persuading people to buy a lot of things in the sales promotion.
B. By publicizing products with beautiful but useless packages.
C. By informing people of carelessly disposing of useless products.
D. By convincing people to buy what they don't need and throw them away.
20、听录音，回答以下问题：
A. People quit their mother tongue but speak in other languages.
B. Kids don't learn the local language of their parents any more.
C. People stop talking to each other but writing it down.
D. A unified language is widely used all over the world.
A. The more powerful a culture is, the less minority languages it has.
B. Culture spreads out through the form of language.
C. Language and culture of the ethnic minorities will be vanished.
D. Languages come into being when culture becomes stronger.
A. Many languages are in danger of dying off.
B. Most of the world's languages are not represented on the Internet.
C. Languages are closely related with the natural world.
D. Languages contain precious local information and are culture-related.
23、听录音，回答以下问题：
A. Send their children to public colleges and universities.
B. Make investment in private investment companies.
C. Begin college savings plan at children's younger age.
D. Put money into stocks, bonds or other investments.
A. They were named after the state tax law in 1996.
B. They are governed by different rules in every state.
C. They are free of taxes in fifty states.
D. They will be revised by the end of 2016.
A. It makes college education paid in advance.
B. It is good for public and private universities
C. It will be carried out in the family with a child.
D. It makes an account shared by two children.
A. They can transfer the money to another family with a college student.
B. They can shift the money for the education of their another family member.
C. They can take back the money with the earnings in taxes.
D. They can turn to financial advisers for family financial plans.
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.
27、根据下列材料，请回答27-36题：
While it's easy enough to brush off a few sleepless nights with a pot of coffee and the occasional desk nap, you may be doing more harm than you realise. According to a new study from Surrey University, having less than six hours of sleep per night can actually shut down genes that play a key role in the body's 36 of self-repair.
We rely on our genes to constantly produce the proteins needed to 37 the wear on our bodies'tissue that we suffer throughout the day. But when scientists divided 26 volunteers into two groups—one of which slept for less than 6 hours per night for an entire week and the other for 10 hours per night—some of the sleep-deprived group's genes actually stopped working.
The functions of 711 genes in total were altered in some way, 38 ones involved in metabolism ( 新陈代谢), inflammation (炎症), immunity and stress. There is some good news though: a week of normal sleep was enough to 39 the malfunctioning genes back to peak condition, but should the40 sleep patterns continue, health problems that aren't, quite so easily reversible, like obesity (肥胖)and heart disease, have a 41 chance of cropping up. And this study only scratches the 42.
according to Professor Colin Smith, one of the scientists 43 in the study: This is only a week of sleep 44 and it is only five and a haft or six hours a night. Many people have that amount of sleep for weeks, months and maybe even years so we have no idea how much 45 it might be.
A.accessing
B.amounted
C.approaching
F.charactexs
I.increasingly
J.messages
K.patiently
N.violated
请回答(36)题__________.
28、请回答(37)题__________.
29、请回答(38)题__________.
30、请回答(39)题__________.
31、请回答(40)题__________.
32、请回答(41)题__________.
33、请回答(42)题__________.
34、请回答(43)题__________.
35、请回答(44)题__________.
36、请回答(45)题__________.
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
37、根据下列材料，请回答37-46题：
Gas price warning as cold March leads to short supplies
A.The cold snap in March could lead to Britain's gas supplies running out next month, forcing the nation to pay higher prices for fuel from elsewhere, as the demand increased quickly during the coldest March in 50 years. Forecasts suggest that gas supplies in the UK will be exhausted by 8 April. requiring Britain to turn to imports from Norway and Russia. The warning came on the day Scott is hand Southern Energy, one of the UK's biggest power suppliers, warned that there could be electricity blackouts in the country within three years. A lack of gas storage facilities, arid rapid reduction at the UK's North Sea gas fields, has led to the UK having as little as two days' supply of the fuel in reserve.
B.Though experts have warned of the problem for years, and the government has championed a "dash for gas" that would see a massive rise in demand for the fuel, little has been done to increase storage facilities.
C.Ian Marchant, chief executive of SSE(Scottish and Southern Energy said there was a“very real risk of the lights going out” within the next three years.SSE intends shutting down power plants，enough to have supplied 2 million homes’ lights going out.as the stations are either uneconomic or coming to the end of their fives.Other firms are also planning to take power stations out of service，including the UK’ S fleet of ageing nuclear reactors.increasing the risk that demand for electricity will exceed the available supply.Marchant said：“It appears the government is significantly underestimating the scale of the capacity chinch(危急情况.facing the UK in the next three years and there is a very real risk of the lights going out as a result.”
D.His comments follow warnin98 by Alistair Buchanan，the departing chief of gem(Office of the Gas and Electricity Markets.，that power shortages will be many times more likely in the next five years.Government estimates suggest that energy bills could rise by S l00 a year this winter.The warnings are particular blow to George Osborne，the chancellor(大臣.，who has championed a new “dash for gas” in the UK.that would see gas take over as the dominant fuel in the UK’ S power generation market.Much of the generating capacity that SSE plans to retire consists of gas — fired power stations.though the recent budget has given tax breaks for shale gas(页 岩气.extraction in the UK and indicated what could be the biggest expansion of UK gas—fired power in a generation.
E.SSE said gas—fired power Was uneconomic because of the fuel’s high price compared with coal. The move by SSE highlights the disputes over energy policy and energy generation, following upheavals(激变.in the international markets for fossil fuels.It also brings into quest：ion whether target to cut carbon dioxide can be met.
F.Andrew Pendleton，head of campaigns at Friends of the Earth，said energy firms were trying to hold the government to ransom(救赎.by threatening power cut that would help them extract concessions to get financial benefits.The UK has only six big energy suppliers to households.which campaigners.say reduces competition and raises prices.
G.Coal has become much cheaper because of the use of fossil fuel ill the US in the past five years.Where a massive increase in the supply of cheap gas is attributed to the controversial method of blasting dense rocks apart under high pressure.The coal that would have been burned in the US is now available on international markets at cut.price.and has now become “the preferred fuel”.according to SSE.
H.That is the opposite of what the government，and the EU intended by their energy policies in the past.decade.Coal Was supposed to become more expensive than gas.because of the EU’S emissions trading scheme.which puts a price on carbon emissions.That has not happened.because flaws within the system mean the price of carbon is near an all—time low.meaning coal—fired power stations are not penalised for their effect on the climate.
I.Marchant urged the government to bring forward reforms favouring gas.“Tile government can reduce this risk of power cuts very easily.by taking swift action to provide much greater clarity on its electricity market reforms.”
J.An energy bill is under discussion by parliament at the moment.SSE’s warnings were dismissed by green campaigners as “an attempt.to force the government’s hand”.Pendleton said：“The risk is thatthese companies are holding us to ransom，in order to make the environment more favourable to their forms of generation.There is a lot at stake here.Basing our energy strategy on gas rather than clean forms of energy such as renewables means we could be held to ransom more and more in the future in this way.It Could do a huge amount of harm.”
K.The government" rebuffed (回绝.the claims from SSE.John Hayes，minister for energy，said：“We’re alive to the challenge facing US.The bill before parliament will set the conditions for the investment needed to keep Britain’s lights on in the long-term the amount of spare power available today is currently comfortable.As old infrastructure(基础没施.closes over the coming years we expect this margin to reduce but we will make sure it stays manageable.”
L.Most of the UK's nuclear power plants are planned for closure by 2022.and many coal.fired stations must be closed or run at reduced capacity within the next few years because of EU rules on pollution.
M.Experts have warned for years of a loomin9“energy gap” between demand and supply，The building of wind farms and other forms of renewable energy。which were supposed to fill the gap.has been below expectations，in part due to planning laws.Hayes said：“we are not complacent(沽沾自喜的.about this…We are confident in our approach and in l he responsiveness of the market in providing secure power supplies.”Joss Garman，political director of Greenpeace，said：“Not content with the profits they’re making from sky—high energy bills the 9;m industry now seems to be trying to hold everybody to ransom--‘give US even more of your cash or we’ll turn out the nights”.
N.Cheap coal and the collapse of the carbon price have made gas burning less profitable，but that’s a reason to ban unabated(未减弱的.coal burning and reform the carbon market.not to give hand-outs the big six energy companies.“Gas—fired generation should only be a last.ditch backup for renewable energy sources.and ministers should prioritise support for interconnectors，storage，and combined heat anti power stations that would compliment renewables and guarantee we have secure power.”
Many of the UK's nuclear power plants and coal-fired stations are planned to be shut. down due to EU rules on pollution.
38、The shutdown of power plants at Scottish and Southern Energy will cause the electricity shortage of 2 million homes.
39、The EU puts a price on carbon emissions in its emissions trading scheme.
40、According to SSE, gas-fired power was not economic, because gas is more expensive than coal.
41、The UK had to import fuel from other countries at higher prices, because the cold weather raised the demand for it.
42、Andrew Pendleton thought the energy firms' purpose of threatening power cut was to get financial benefits.
43、The parliament of the UK is discussing an energy bill at the present time.
44、The sudden decrease .of the carbon price and cheap coal has caused gas burning to be less profitable.
45、The "dash for gas" would make gas become the dominant fuel in Britain's power generation market.
46、By blasting dense rocks apart under high pressure, the US can have an increasingly large supply of cheap gas.
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
47、根据下列材料，请回答：
Just because you're the boss, doesn't mean you are right every time. It doesn't mean you have ! he best ideas. Learn to back up your ideas or decisions with reason. Use 26 to explain things, not authority. By doing this your decisions might invite 27, but you will also get an opportunity to improve. My friend's boss 28 by tying up with an event management company. The whole' purpose of the tie-up was to promote his company but it failed miserably. Instead of 29 his idea and carrying on as if nothing happened, he 30 to the team for not including them in the decision-making. It's OK to admit you were wrong. You will gain the 31 of your team mates, and you will also gain trust.
Remember the time when you worked really hard but 32. Not even a thank you. It hurts when your efforts are not 33. So every chance you get to praise someone, do it. A simple, "That was some great work, and keep it up," can go a long way in making the employee feel great and 34 about himself. A compliment (称赞) can have a positive impact on his life.
When you need help, don't be arrogant (傲慢的)or shy and stop yourself, If you're lost on the road, it is fine to 35. Everyone needs a little help sometime. When you ask for help, you receive help. By doing so, you're letting people know you're no superhuman, you're willing to listen, and you also need support at times.
请回答(26)题__________.
48、请回答(27)题__________.
49、请回答(28)题__________.
50、请回答(29)题__________.
51、请回答(30)题__________.
52、请回答(31)题__________.
53、请回答(32)题__________.
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56、请回答(35)题__________.
Part III Reading Comprehension.(40 minutes)
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
57、根据下列材料，请回答57-66题：
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Living in a time when an ever-increasing number of news providers push a constant stream of headlines at us every day, people cannot say they do not feel overwhelmed.
But what of it's the ways we choose to read the news that make us feel overwhelmed? An interesting new study conducted by Avery Holton and Iris Chyi from the University of Texas looks at the factors that contribute to the concept of information overload.
They surveyed more than 750 adults on their digital consumption habits and perceptions of information overload. What the findings suggest, Holton said, is that the news platforms a person is using can play a bigger role in making him feel overwhelmed than the sheer number of news sources being consumed. So even if you read The Huffington Post and The New York Times in a day, you may not feel as drowned with news ff you read on your phone instead of on your desktop. The more contained, or even constrained, aplat form feels, the more it can contribute to people feeling less overwhelmed, Holton said.
That may also explain why people have feelings of being overwhelmed by Facebook, which like reading on the web, can be a bottomless hole of stories, videos, and endless links. But it doesn't explain why people in the survey had different feelings towards Twitter, which can also be a stream of links.
One possible explanation is whether you define yourself" as a news fan. The survey asked people to report. how much they enjoyed keeping up with the new——people who said they did had less of a perception of information overload. If you're the type of person who wants to follow news during the day, it's likely you have an established routine and a set of sites you check regularly. You also may not need as much context around the news. All of that would make Twitter a good source for you.
Conversely, if you're more passive about following the news, you might need to make more , of an effort to find the right sources or find background or contextual information, which could lead to feelings of being overloaded, Holton said. "Knowing what you're looking for can decrease overload or perceptions of overload. So can constant engagement," he said.
The new study conducted by Avery Holton and Iris Chyi
A.examines how news providers take advantage of headlines
B.studies what can lead to the concept of information overload
C.discusses solutions for people who feel overwhelmed
D.reviews different attitudes to the digital consumption
58、 What does the findings of the new study suggest?
A.Contained news platforms trigger information overload.
B.News platforms influence people's feelings about information.
C.People feel less overwhelmed ff reading news on their desktops.
D.People feel more overwhelmed ff less news sources are consumed.
59、 What can be learned about Twitter from the passage?
A.It provides streams of information.
B.It keeps people updated on the news.
C.It makes people feel overwhelmed.
D.It is no different than Facebook.
60、 According to the passage, a news fan may __
A.need much context about the news
B.consider Facebook a good news source
C.have a settled routine to check the news
D.have no perception of information overload
61、 What does Holton imply about information overload?
A.It can be decreased by the sense of purpose.
B.It happens when one has no access to right sources.
C.It can be increased by constant engagement in the news.
D.It depends on the efforts one makes to find the news.
62、根据下列材料，请回答62-71题：
Experts in the food industry are thinking a lot about trash these days. Food waste has been a serious problem for restaurants and grocery stores—with millions of tons lost along the way as crops are hauled hundreds of miles, stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared on busy restaurant assembly lines. Restaurants, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. "We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of the kitchen, and he elephant is this ' It's okay to waste' belief system," said Andrew Shackman, president of LeanPath. A company that helps restaurants cut back food waste. Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campus’s biggest dining halls to find there were no cafeteria trays. “ You have to go back and get your silverware and your drink, but it's not that different,” said Caitlin Mew born, a freshman. “It's not a big deal. You take less food, and you don't eat more than you should. ” Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the cafeterias, said Denny Cochrane, manager of Virginia Tech's sustainability program. Before the program began, students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet (自助餐), only to food at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, he said.
According to the first paragraph,
A. lots of food are wasted as crops are hauled from far away
B. food waste is the most serious problems for restaurants and stores
C. experts put forward many proposals to solve the issue of trash
D. .busy restaurant assembly lines produce millions of tons of trash
63、 What does Andrew Shack man say we should pay attention to?
A. How to use novel ways to compensate for the costs of waste.
B. How to get ride of the "It's okay to waste" belief system.
C. How to haul tons of food waste in the middle of the kitchen.
D. How to call for institutions to deal with the issue of food waste.
64、 The program operated at Virginia Tech
A. does not work on freshman students
B. makes students take more food at the buffet
C. has cut food waste at the cafeterias
D. makes students eat less than they should
65、 What do we learn about Oregon's Portland International Airport?
A. The travelers there have to pay the airport to haul away waste.
B. The food waste there, will be used as compost in the city.
C. Food-only trash cans were installed there 3 years ago.
D. The travelers there are not 'allowed to discard half-eaten meals,
66、What is the impact of the program of Oregon's Portland International Airport?
A. It helps the airport to keep a friendly environment.
B. It increases compost used in the city landfill.
C. It reduces the cost on hauling trash from the airport.
D. It promotes the application of biodegradable bags.
Part IV Translation.(30minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国国际出版集团(China International Publishing Group)是中国最大的、最权威的外语出版发行单位。它坚持“让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国”的出版原则(philosophy)，全心致力于中国外语教育与研究事业的发展，以及中外文化交流事业的拓展。为了加强对出版人才队伍的建设，满足日益增长的特殊出版业务的需要，该集团每年都要选派一些青年员工到国内外知名高等学府和研究机构进修。
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