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2013年广东高考题读写任务之概述方法透析
2013年广东高考题读写任务之概述方法透析
一、&概括部分包含几种能力。
第一要看清楚文章的结构，设法反映出原文中作者的观点。第二要具有意义筛选的能力，学会区分事实和观点、重要和次要、普遍与特殊、相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系。第三要有用英文解释英文的能力，用自己简单的语言解释比较复杂的语言文字，不能抄袭原文。
&&&&读写任务的写作内容一般分为两个部分，即写作内容1为概括短文要点，还有写作内容2
则是就某个主题发表看法。然而，绝大部分的考生会忽略了写作内容2对写作内容1的导航作用，而一头扎进了阅读材料直接去阅读文章得出要点。事实上，所谓“读写任务”其实是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景，同样，
“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。故希望大家在概括文章时，可考虑命题人提供的写作内容2的导航作用，因为它能够帮助大家更快地提高捕捉文章要点的速度与准确性。
概括的标准：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。
标准的概括采用，第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的，这句话的质量决定了概括的成败。后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，凡是意义在主题之外的要毫不吝啬地予以删除。
二、概括的写作步骤：
1. 确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。
2. 寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。
重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。
4. 重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。
三、读写任务写作技巧。
1、细读文章，把握大意，精准转述。（读写任务写作第一部分要求）
准确地把握阅读材料的结构和思路，了解作者的观点和意图是转述好原材料的必要途径。一般情况下，文章体裁不同，概括大意的方法也不同。
对于故事性、记叙性的文体，其要点涣散，有可能遍布文章每一角落。因此，考生概括时应抓住两要点：1、是找出文中的时间、地点、人物、事件（过程），原因、结果（影响、感悟、启发、启迪、结论）；2、是找出文中、段中的主题句。学生结合这两个要点，用自己的语言，把文章内容介绍清楚，做到言简意赅。例:
&“主题句+支撑句” 即“主题+主题的什么”。
文体&主题句&支撑句
议论文&文章论点（一句）&文章论据（两三句）
记叙文&故事的写作目的/
主题（一句）&故事大意（两句）
第41篇（2012广州市调研）读写任务&
以约120词就“制定规划与达成目标”这一主题进行议论概述一：Beavers working very hard can build very good
dams. However, they sometimes don't know where to build the dams
because they are not able to make a plan before building dams. They
should learn how to make a good plan. ( W:39)
概述二：Although beavers are very good at building&
good dams, they sometimes don't know how to draw up a good plan to
build dams in the right places. They should learn that it's not
enough to work hard. ( W:36)
第58篇& 读写任务&
(深圳一模拟)
概述一 Li Yong, once a good student, became a very disappointing one.
Having realized that, he carved some encouraging words on the desk
to show his determination, which gave Li Hua a mixed feeling.
& 概述二 ( By Ou Mingxin, my best kid)
The passage tells us that Li Hua's best friend, Li Yong, is good.
But three months ago he behaved badly at school and one day
realizing his mistakes, he carved some words on his desk to
encourage himself to
说明文&说明的对象/
观点/ 现象&解释/ 分述
读写任务（优化卷1）---- 出国旅游要举止文明&
对出国旅游时我们应该注意什么进行议论。内容包括：]
&& With the rapid growth of
tourism and a lag in quality of domestic tourists, China is
launching a campaign to improve its tourism and overseas
第15篇& 读写任务（双语报第5 期）
Advertising can help increase the sales of products. The more
frequently a certain product appears in advertisements, the more
famous it becomes. Therefore, the author thinks that powerful
advertisements mean high
读写任务（优化卷2）
People often blame things on their
destinies.& In fact, according to the
author, it is your attitude and character, rather than destiny,
that determine your life. Besides, the author advises us to seek
every chance of "good luck" to enjoy life and not worry about
四、写概括的具体方法
&&&&&口诀：缩长间短，省却细节，抛弃例子。
Steps of Writing a Summary
1）定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，那么基本时态用现在时；不过，模板的开头语一般为现在时如The
passage tells us that----- - --.
2）定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作。（特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、二人称；）
3）定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。
&Use words of similar meanings同义替换法
I didn’t catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not
I didn’t catch any fish____ I was not patient.
&Adopt the opposite way when saying a
sentence正话反说法
You will fail. = You will ______.
&Change the part of speech词性转换法
Patience is very important. Patience is of&
&Change the structure of a sentence句式变化法
&语态变换：Parents should give children more
→Children should ______more praise.
简单句变复合句：
Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learn
&&& Children
should be encouraged more, _______ will help them learn
&Use the shortest possible
transitions连
注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but, and, so, while, however, then, yet, for,
therefore, thus, including, instead of 等。
We should encourage children. We should not scold them.=We should
encourage children______ scolding them.
&Change the order of
the words.词序改变法
&下列是常规的实用技巧。
1: Omit (省略) the details
2: Omit the repetitions
3: Omit the examples
4: Use general(概括性) words instead of specific(具体的) words )
5: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect
五、写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：
第一步, 通读全文, 领略大意;
第二步,小结每一段的大意;
第三步, 根据每一段的大意以及作者的侧重点, 综合归纳全文的大意.
1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。
2) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
删除具体例子。不过，阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的，如阅读材料是谈西方种种节日的，如删除具体例子，则概括很难达到30个词，那就选择一至两个例子（即一两个主要节日）。注：原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
4) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：
“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies
of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all
of them during the winter vocation.”
可以概括为：
“She brought home a lot of books to read during the
vocation.”
5) 把文章的对话或直接引语(的要点)改成间接引语叙述。
6) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。
7) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without
exaggeration be called lion-like.”
&& =可以概括为：“He was very brave in
“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his
creditor.”
& =可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”
8)还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
六、不同体裁材料文的概述方法----概述的具体分类
1、说明文、应用文适用于用“段意合并法”
(1)对于说明性或描述性短文，可以用概括性文字说明某一现象。比如，可以概括如下
“This article
points out the common phenomenon…”
(2)说明文概要模板
a. 现象揭示类：
This article points out the common phenomenon ----（主题),
which….（补充解释）.
b. 利弊对比类：
The article compares the disadvantages/ benefits of A and
B.&&& A…while
article compares the
benefits of studying alone with those of studying in
groups. It is good for students to focus what they are doing by
studying alone and they can avoid interruption, while group study creates a more
enjoyable learning
environment.&
The passage
discusses the impact(影响)of
On the positive side…, but it may also….
c. 研究显示类：
The study reveals(揭露) that…
The purpose of the report is to show that…
2、记叙文适用于用“要素串联法”
(1)记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文通常要交待清楚五要素的内容，即where,
when, what, who, why, how
即“时间、地点、人物、事件、过程、原因、结果（感悟、启发、启迪、号召、结论、收获等）给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。事情的叙述通常按时间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联，我们必须抓住记叙文的写作特点或思路，从而更好地理解文章主题，概括出比较中肯的短文中心大意。
& (2) 记叙文概要模板
a.点明写作目的类：The writer tells us…（主题）by showing us an
example of…,& who/which…（故事情节）.
b.作者经历类：
In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his
experience of doing sth, which……
c. 他人经历类：
This passage is mainly about sb’s experience of doing
记叙文的概要则可以从以下模板中选择：
passage/story is about a misunderstanding between a student and a
The author tells us a story about a ________.
The passage is a story about ________.
According to the passage, the hero in the story ________
2、&议论文适用于用“主题概括法”
议论文通常用来讲明道理、议论是非、提出观点和看法。作者先正面或反面提出论点，然后用事实论证论点，最后以重申论点或提出建议的方式得出结论。议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。
尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。可以采用如下方法概括：The
writer of this article thinks that…
或者你认为本材料的观点代表了一些人的思想，就可以说Some
people think… 还可以从中立的角度或用“无人称”的方式来说The article gives the view
第一、找出关键词和全文或段落的主题句。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。一般地说，主题词通常是名词、动词或形容词。
& 第二、根据原文的词句(一般指关键词和全文或段落的主题句), 进行改写:
或用相应的同义词，或进行句型转换(如主动句改为被动句等等). 千万不要原封不动地抄写原文的词句.
& 第三、用连词连接各部分，使它连贯；
第四、整合中心要点，使用形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语合并、简化句子，使之符合概括短文内容要点的词数(30个词左右)。
(2)议论文概要模板
议论文的概要通常可以如此开头：
The essay/passage/author highlights the
importance of encouragement for
essay/passage/author argues in support of …, stating that
essay/passage/author argues that we must not only value those who
do, but also pay attention to..
essay/passage/author discusses the impact of
essay/passage/author compares friendship& between
essay/passage/author outlines the harmful effects of
The article gives
the view that…
should/shouldn’t…（主题）.
…..（补充论据）.
The passage
highlights(强调) the importance of sth…..
The author argues
C.通用型模板：
According to the passage, we know…
This article is mainly about…
The writer states that…
As can be learn this passage, - - -
The passage says that…
In this passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of
满分范文总汇
The passage tells us something about Micro Blogs. More and more
students, like Zhai Langwei,& get face-to-face
interaction with celebrities in academia and broaden their
第4篇&& 读写任务)
The author's father was born in a poor family and started to work
at an early age. Though his career was not always smooth, he worked
hard and set up his own company. The author was greatly
第6篇&& 读写任务（优化卷1）----
出国旅游要举止文明& 对出国旅游时我们应该注意什么进行议论。内容包括：]
&& With the rapid growth of
tourism and a lag in quality of domestic tourists, China is
launching a campaign to improve its tourism and overseas
读写任务&&
第一次月考&&&&&&&&
( 范文一主张独立学习）
&&&&&&&&&&&&
The Best Way to Learn
The article compares the benefits of studying alone with those of
studying in groups. It is good for students to focus what they are
doing by studying alone and they can avoid interruption, while
group study creates a more enjoyable learning
environment.&
双语报第三期&&&&
读写任务&& 内容包括: (1)简述青少年与父母顶嘴的情况;
(2) 列举这些情况所带来的不良影响；（3）青少年摆脱这种情况的重要性和做法。
Teenagers want to be independent but fail to express themselves,
ending up with talking back or showing disrespect. Children's
talking back often makes parents feel hopeless and helpless.
Parents should offer support to guide their children properly.
范文14.& 读写任务（第二次摸底测试）
The author thinks relaxation plays an important part in life, and
people feeling relaxed can easily do better in work or study,
compared with the tired people. But&
most& pay little attention to it,
and& only after getting everything done do they
consder taking a rest.(W:46)
第15篇& 读写任务（双语报第5 期）
Advertising can help increase the sales of products. The more
frequently a certain product appears in advertisements, the more
famous it becomes. Therefore, the author thinks that powerful
advertisements mean high sales.
第18篇& 读写任务（双语报第5 期）
The passage introduces new research that a good reader is more
likely to achieve academic success than a weak reader. The author
concludes reading can help readers develop reading competence.
(Words:30)
第20篇读写任务—（第三次摸底测试）&& (
概述要点：演讲；留学生不诚实的行为及后果；故事说明的道理。）
The speech tells us a true story about a Chinese student in
Germany, who had great academic performances. But he was refused by
several companies because of his dishonesty. It shows the
importance of honesty in life.(W:37)
In li Hua’s speech he said in Germany a Chinese student with great
academic achievements couldn’t find a job because of his
dishonesty. The story shows us that honesty is important in our
life.(W:34)
第23-1篇&& 读写任务（惠州二调）
概述一 Two frogs fell into a deep pit. One died because he heard other
frogs telling him to give up, while the other jumped out because
he& thought others were encouraging him not to
give up. So words have a powerful effect on attitude towards
life.（W:46)
概述二&&&&
After two frogs fell into a deep pit, one died because of his
companions' discouraging words while the other mistaking them for
encouraging him survived.& So the author tells us
the effect of words is powerful .
蚊蚁版）&&&&
Two frogs fell into a deep pit. One of them gave up fleeing when
hearing other frogs telling them to stop and finally died, while
the other thought the others were encouraging them never to give
up, so he in the end jumped out of the pit.&
How& powerful the effect of words.(W: 53)
&& 概述四(
蚊蚁订正版）&&&&
Two frogs fell into a deep pit. Hearing the other frogs telling
them to give up fleeing, one of them did so, finally dead, while
the other mistook their meaning didn't give up, and finally he made
it.& How& powerful the effect of
words.(W: 44)
第23-2篇&& 读写任务（枉凝梅版）
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
The Power of Words
& Two frogs fell into a deep pit. One of the frogs
gave up and died because others told him it was impossible to
survive. But the other survived because he thought others were
encouraging him. The story tells us the power of words.
第25篇&&&&
读写任务（周报18期）
&　& The passage tells us that the
art collection market in China is active now, but it is filled with
fake products, which has a very bad effect on our domestic
第26篇&& 读写任务（P.155,步步高Unit 5, Book
In the passage，Gina，a 19&-year-&old girl，shared us her first
experience of donating blood，in which she realized that what she
did would benefit others and made her an adult.
第29篇&& 第二节&
读写任务(周报第8期）
After being refused to stay for the night by the villagers, a man
had to stay in a nearby forest for the night. During the night, a
group of robbers killed most of the villagers, but the man had a
lucky escape.
第31篇& 第二节& 读写任务(第四次摸底湛江上期）
A hospital advertisement appearing in the text books made parents
angry and caused a heated discussion/argument. Though the creator
of the advertisement explained the illustration is not an ad for a
hospital but shows the human love, people were still worried about
第33篇&& 第二节&
读写任务(周报第9期）
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish&&
永保求知似饥渴，常存虚怀若愚钝
When Steve Jobs gave a speech to graduates, he talked about the
importance of treasuring time. He& asked them to
“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”, which was from The Whole Earth
读写任务&&
概述一 The passage mainly tells us the definition of table manners. By
showing us unique table manners in different countries, it reminds
us to value table manners, avoiding Innocent mistakes.
概述二 The passage mainly tells us what table manners are. By showing
readers some different table manners in different
countries,& the passage& reminds
people to value table manners.
第38篇&&& 读写任务
(双语报12期）
The passage gives some examples to show that current affairs affect
our daily lives greatly, which most of us ignore. So we should pay
attention to the current affairs and form good habits of keeping up
with them.
第41篇（2012广州市调研）读写任务&
以约120词就“制定规划与达成目标”这一主题进行议论
概述一：Beavers working very hard can build very good dams. However,
they sometimes don't know where to build the dams because they are
not able to make a plan before building dams. They should learn how
to make a good plan. ( W:39)
概述二：Although beavers are very good at building&
good dams, they sometimes don't know how to draw up a good plan to
build dams in the right places. They should learn that it's not
enough to work hard. ( W:36)
第44篇读写任务：
The passage shows that nowadays boys tend to perform worse than
girls in all aspects in school, which is known as the “boy crisis”.
Experts suggest that same-sex schooling may be a possible solution
to the problem.
第47篇& 读写任务（双语报16）
Liu Xiang fell during the men's 110m hurdles heat at the London
2012 Olympic Games because of a foot injury, but he limped
determinedly down the track toward the finish line and kissed the
hurdle. He earned the respect from people present.
第49篇读写任务（双语报17期）
&&& Quite a few
children in the UK cycle to school so as to reduce fuel costs. Top
cyclist Mark Cavendish expressed his satisfaction and hopes to make
it easy for them to join in the activity.
第51篇读写任务(惠州三调）
According to the two reports, new measures about physical
assessment among students are being considered in Beijing and
Guangdong. Besides,the society calls for more attention to
students’ physical quality.
第55篇& 读写任务 (双语报25期)
In Pakistan, teachers often punish students if they don't do well
in learning. However, after participating in a training program,
some teachers& realized they should change their
teaching methods rather than blame the children. After making
changes, the situation improved greatly. (41)
第56-1篇& 读写任务 (双语报27期)
The author has been devoting most of his time to reading because he
thinks it is a way to relax and explore the world. Reading has been
not only his hobby but also his need.
第58篇& 读写任务& (深圳一模拟)
概述一 Li Yong, once a good student, became a very disappointing one.
Having realized that, he carved some encouraging words on the desk
to show his determination, which gave Li Hua a mixed feeling.
& 概述二 ( By Ou Mingxin, my best kid)
The passage tells us that Li Hua's best friend, Li Yong, is good.
But three months ago he behaved badly at school and one day
realizing his mistakes, he carved some words on his desk to
encourage himself to change.
第60-1篇& 读写任务 (2013广州市一模)
&概述一：&&&&
The author introduces the film “The Time Machine”, in which the
hero invents a time travelling machine. He also imagines where he
would go if he could travel through time.(W:30 )
概述二：& In the film “The Time Machine”, the main
character invents a time machine, which interests the author who
describes where he would go if he could travel through time.(W:29
& 概述三：The author in the passage talks about a film
called“The Time Machine”. the film impressed him greatly and made
him think more about the time and places he would go if he could
travel back through time. (W:38 by Zhang LR)
概述四：After seeing the film called the Time Machine, which is a story
about an inventor building a time machine , the writer thinks about
where he would go if he could travel back through time.(W:34 by Ou
第60-2篇& 读写任务 (2013广州市一模)
The writer dreams about time travelling after he watches the movie
the Time Machine, a story about an inventor who builds a time
machine to save his sweetheart’s life.
第62 篇 读写任务(双语报29）
In the passage, by filling an empty jar with different things, a
professor taught his students what the most important things and
the smallest things are in their life and how to arrange them
第64 篇 读写任务(双语报30）
&&& The author
thinks it easier for professional athletes' children to become
professional athletes due to practice, not their genes. Therefore,
he advises young people to work out a schedule and stick to
第66 篇 读写任务(双语报31）
The author used to be a rude kid. However, he got changed after he
talked to a girl one day, who told him to respect others if he
wanted to be respected.
第66 篇& 读写任务&
(汕头一模）&& 以“善举的影响”为话题谈谈你的想法
&& When the author, an oversea
student, was badly ill, a shopkeeper made him a sandwich and
offered him hot soup. Touched/ moved by her kindness, the author
decided to be& kind to others as
Exercise: Match the
main idea with the proper skill.
It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home. I
tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast
asleep, so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it
against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. I
was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, “I don’t think
the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.” I looked down
and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. I
immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, “ I
enjoy cleaning windows at night.”
&“So do I,” answered the policeman in the same
tone. “Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when
he’s busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the
station?”
&“Well, I’d prefer to stay here,” I said. “ You
see, I’ve forgotten my key.”
&“Your what?” he called.
&“My key,” I shouted.
Fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window
just as the policeman had started to climb towards me
Which skill: ____________________________
1）&这是一篇记叙文，请从原文中划出时间、地点、人物、事情的经过和结果。
2）&填充下面所给的summary, 注意如何借用词法，语法简化句子。
On arriving home __________ in the morning, the writer failed to
wake up __________ by ringing the doorbell. He tried to
_______________, but was found by _____________. Soon his shouting
woke his wife.
Advertising can be a service to customers. This is true when
advertisements give reliable information about the goods
advertised. Such information is needed if the customer is to make a
sensible choice when he buys something. It is useful in that it
lets him know of the kinds of goods in the shops. Printed
advertisements do this job best. Customers can collect them and
compare them. They can be taken along to the shops and their
statements can be checked against and actual goods in the
Some advertisements are not very useful to the customers. Instead
of helping the customer to satisfy his real needs, they set out to
make him want things. They set out to make us believe that what
they advertise will make us cleverer, prettier, more handsome, if
only we use it. The voice on TV says, “ Getaway people use XYZ
petrol.” The screen shows a picture of petrol pump for a fast
expensive car owned by a boy with a pretty girlfriend. They drive
off to the wonderful country or a lovely beach. Some people may
feel that clever, successful people use XYZ petrol. Some might
choose that petrol every time they fill up their cars.
Skill:& _______________________
.Students should
think now about what extracurricular (课外的) activities they'd like
to participate in. Participating in extracurricular activities may
help you deepen your physical, creative, social, political, and
career interests by bringing you into communication with other
like-minded people you didn’t previously know.
You can join groups as a way to get support from other students. A
club or group can also be a great way to meet people who are
different from you. Lots of youth programs bring people together
with those who are different as a way to break down the barriers
between people.
Participating in extracurricular activities helps you in other
ways, too. It looks good on college and job applications and shows
admissions officers and employers you're well-rounded and
responsible. Specific activities help with specific goals.
The most basic reason for joining a club or team is that it gives
you something better to do than staring at the wall, wandering the
hall, or sleeping all afternoon. People who are participating are
less likely to pick up bad habits, like smoking or drinking.
______________________________________
Ⅳ.积累模板Some Summary
Models for You
要注意归纳和积累summary中常用的句式或模板。
附：练习参考答案：
I. “定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。”练习
because&&&&&&&&&&
2) not succeed
3) of great importance& 4) be given；
which&&& 5)
instead of
II. 练习篇---- 学以致用。
1.Skill1: Omit the details
There are some tips for children to follow so that they can get on
well with their parents.
2. Skill2: Omit the examples.
It is quite natural that we children look at the same problem
differently from our parents.
3. Skill4: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect
Kate suggested that Paul should eat less salt. But Paul disagreed.
He said that food without salt would be tasteless.
4. Skill3: Use general(概括性) words instead of specific (具体的)
She brought home a lot of books and magazines to read during the
5. Summary: On arriving home at about two in the morning, the
writer failed to wake up his wife by the doorbell. He tried to
climb towards the bedroom window, but was found by a policeman.
Soon his shouting woke his wife.(40 words)
6. Skill: ①段意合并法 (topic sentences or key words，if no topic
sentences)
Summary: Advertising can be useful when it provides customers with
reliable information，while some advertisements are not the case as
they are produced only to persuade customers to buy what they don’t
need.(31 words)
7. 主题概括法(适合于议论文)
Summary: The author (The passage) discussed the benefit of
extracurricular activities including being a way to improve
students’ health, widen their social circle and introduce them to
new ideas and people. (30 words)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求概括短文要点。
Everyone has an experience they would not forget. Some are
embarrassing, some are moving, and some teach us a lesson. Here is
a story of mine.
Last Sunday I went fishing. After setting up my fishing rod（钓鱼竿）
with bait（钓鱼的饵）, I sat down on the bank of the lake. But two hours
later, I didn’t catch any fish. I got very angry and began to pack
up my stuff, preparing to go back home.
Just then, I saw an old man sitting near me. To my surprise, his
basket was full of fish, so I went over to him, wanting to know
why. “Excuse me, but how long have you sat here?” I asked. “About
four hours,” he answered. “Four hours?” I could not believe my
ears. “Yes. It’s very important to be patient,” the old man said. “
Don’t consider fishing a tiring sport. Just enjoy it.” Suddenly, I
understand what he said. I must learn to be patient. Then I sat
there and waited for fish patiently. I felt a fish touch the bait,
but I didn’t move and waited for the right moment to reel it
in（卷收钓鱼线）. At last, I caught it. This made me very happy. In the
following six hours, I caught over 10 fish.
On my way home, I thought what had happened on the bank. I
gradually realized that the secret of success was patience.
这则读写任务的材料是一篇记叙文，它讲述的是有一天“我”去钓鱼，从一位老渔夫那里“我”认识到要有耐心，才能钓到鱼，而从这件事中我也意识到耐心是成功的重要条件。文中加粗部分就是我们归纳材料时应注意的要点，所以这则材料可以这样概括：
The writer wrote about his forgettable lesson from an old man while
fishing on the bank of the lake. He writer realized patience was
very important and that it was the secret of
对于议论文，转述时则要准确而全面地概括作者的观点和态度。一般也可分三步骤来进行概括：1．在文中找关键词（主题字眼）；2．找出涉及主题的问题（作者看法）3．找出相关问题的解决办法。通过超出的内容，我们再理解其深层关系，借助相关过度词，恰当地概括文章要点，切勿照抄原文句子。例：
There is a saying: breakfast is like a king, lunch is like a
prince, and dinner is like a pauper. It means that breakfast should
be the largest meal of the day. In many countries, the biggest meal
of the day is dinner. So why does this saying advise us to eat a
large breakfast instead?
The answer is in the word “breakfast” of a “fast”, or a long period
without eating. The gap between dinner and breakfast can be up to
twelve hours, so the meal that breaks your fast should be healthy.
Also , unlike your dinner, the food you consume for breakfast will
give you energy to use while you are acting during the day. There
is evidence that eating a big breakfast, particularly one
containing whole grains and fruits, can improve your concentration
Although health experts stress the importance of eating a good
breakfast and having one’s main meal earlier in the day, not many
people are changing their daily eating habits. For example, about
two&thirds of Americans still have their main meals in the evening.
Many of the most popular types of American food, such as steak and
potatoes, are full of fat and carbohydrates, which make people
digest slowly.
这则材料是一篇议论文，它讨论了吃早餐的重要性，而且提醒人们不吃早餐对身体不利。文中加粗部分就是我们应注意的重点所在。结合各段要点，可以做如下概括：
In this passage, the author tells us the importance of eating
breakfast. However , many people don’t realize this point and they
often start work without breakfast.
一、读写任务的特征和基本要求：
读写任务写作是具有一定开放性的写作命题。选材内容：考生熟悉或比较熟悉的题材，文体要求：议论文或记叙文。读写任务写作必须涵盖三个方面：
1．首段：用一两句话概述原文内容要点，约30个词；
2．主体：依据材料陈述自我观点并加以例证来验证，约120个词；
3．尾段：套语配名言来进行点题，要前后呼应，三位一体，约30个词。
二、读写任务的写作思路及方法：
1．概括文章的中心思想。（定位中心词—﹥找出中心句—﹥概括中心思想）2．考虑概括段与下文的承接。（承接的方式视原阅读材料的文体而定）
3．罗列要点（观点），理顺写作思路。
考虑各个观点之间的逻辑关系；尽量避免使用一些没把握的词汇、短语、句型；适当考虑高级词汇、多种句式的运用（分词短语/定语从句/状语从句/名词性从句/强调句/倒装句等）及语句间的衔接。
一、30个词的摘要怎么写
Ⅰ、什么是摘要？A summary is a short account giving the main points of
something longer or detailed.
概括部分包含几种能力。第一要看清楚文章的结构，设法反映出原文中作者的观点。第二要具有意义筛选的能力，学会区分事实和观点、重要和次要、普遍与特殊、相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系。第三要有用英文解释英文的能力，用自己简单的语言解释比较复杂的语言文字，不能抄袭原文。
1、概括的标准：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。
标准的概括采用浮凸式的表达方式，第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉读者文章的写作目的，这句话的质量决定了概括的成败。后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，凡是意义在主题之外的要毫不吝啬地予以删除。
2、概括的写作步骤：
1. 确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。
2. 寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。
重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。4.
重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。
&口诀：缩长见短，省却细腻。（见：间接引语。短：短的连词。细腻：细节和例子）
三、概括的形式：“主题句+支撑句” 即“主题+主题的什么”。
文体 主题句 支撑句
议论文 文章论点（一句） 文章论据（两三句）
记叙文 故事的写作目的/ 主题（一句） 故事大意（两三句）
说明文 说明的对象/ 观点/ 现象 解释/ 分述
Ⅱ、如何写好文章的摘要？
抓住文章的主要信息点，剔除细节信息是写摘要的基本要求。下面就议论性文章和叙事性文章分别举例加以说明。
1． 议论性文章
& America is the land of automobile. This country
has only 6% of the world’s population but 46% of the world’s car.
Right now, there are 97 million privately-owned cars consuming 75
billion gallons of gasoline and traveling an 1000 billion miles a
& The figure also affirms something we know every
time we refi the automobile is a very thirsty
piece of technology. Of the total petroleum supply in the United
States, 30 percent goes to quench that thirst. Every year for each
passenger car, about 800 gallons of gasoline are consumed. Other
aspects of our commitment to the automobile also bear mentioning
&& It takes a great deal of
energy to manufacture one automobile about 150 million BTU’s of
energy. This is equivalent to 1200 gallons of gasoline, enough to
run a car for about 1600 miles. We expend energy in the process of
shipping cars from factories to showrooms, displaying them for sale
and making replacement parts for repairs. One out of six jobs in
the nation is associated with the automobile business. About two
gallons of gasoline are consumed in the process of making every ten
gallons that are pumped into an automobile’s gas tank.
阅读上面这篇文章，然后讨论如下几个问题：
1． 文章的类型：（议论文）
2． 这类文章的结构：（论点、论据、结论）
3． 概括这类文章大意的技巧：（段意合并法，抓中心句，关键词）
4．找出各段的中心句。（文章中的斜体部分）一般来说议论性文章的第一段均为主题段，每段还有一个中心句，有关键词，把中心句意思串起来，就可以写出摘要。
5． 如何用自己的话表达中心句的意思。（写摘要不能抄袭原文，所以要学会自己重组语句）。
参考摘要：
&&& From the
passage we learn that the USA has a large number of cars and
each& year a great deal of energy is consumed. The
energy is used not only when driving cars but also when producing
2. 叙事性文章
My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father
was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was special. He never
criticized, but used to praise out our best. He’d say, “If you pour
water on flowers, they flourish. If you don’t give them water, they
I remember as a child I said something unkind about somebody and my
father said, “Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody
else, it’s a reflection of you.” He explained that if I looked for
the best in people, I would get the best in return. I’ve tried to
follow this principle in running my company. Dad’s also always been
very understanding.
At 15, I started a magazine. It was taking up a great deal of my
time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a choice: stay in
school or leave to work on my magazine. I decided to leave, and Dad
tried to sway me from my decision, as any good father would. When
he realized I had made up my mind, he said “Richard, when I was 23,
my dad persuaded me to go into law. And I’ve always regretted it. I
wanted to be an archeologist, but I didn’t pursue my dream.” As it
turned out, little publication went to become Student, a national
magazine for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two
children, and I’d like to think we are bring them up in the same
way Dad raised me.
阅读上面这篇文章，然后讨论如下几个问题：
1． 文章的类型：（叙事性文章）
2． 这类文章的结构：（主题+情节）
3． 概括这类文章大意的技巧：（写摘要时，不仅要写出故事情节，还要点出主题）
4． 找出叙事中夹带的议论，挖掘出文章的主题。（见文中的斜体部分，可总结出主题：成功的家庭教育）。
5． 用自己的话把主题和主要情节组织成摘要。
参考摘要：
&& The passage tells us that the
author’s father has a special way of teaching his children. He
always praises them for their progress and explained to them what
is good and encouraged them to be persistent. Because of this,the
author became successful.
练习：写出下列两篇短文的摘要。
（1） Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood and life.
People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate red
with a strong feeling like anger. Red is also used for signs of
danger, such as stop signs and fire engines. Orange is the bright,
warm color of leaves in autumn. People say orange is a lively
color. They associate orange with happiness. Yellow is the color of
sunlight. People say it is a cheerful color. They associate yellow,
too, with happiness. Green is the cool color of grass in spring.
People say it is a refreshing color.
(2) Everyone has an
experience they would rather forget．Some are embarrassing，some are
moving，and some teach us a lesson．Here is a story of mine．
Last Sunday 1 went fishing．After setting up my fishing rod with
bait，I sat down on the bank of the lake．But two hours later, I
didn’t catch any fish．I got very angry and began to pack up my
stuff, preparing to go back home．
Just then，I saw an old man sitting near me．To my surprise，his
basket was full of fish，so 1 went over to him，wanting to know
why．“Excuse me，but how long have you sat here?’’I asked “About four
hours.” he answered．‘‘Four hours?’’I couldn’t believe my
ears．“Yes．It's very important to be patient，”the old man
said．“Don’t consider fishing a tiring sport．Just enjoy
it．"Suddenly，I understood what he said．I must leam to be
patient．Then I sat there and waited for fish patientlv．I felt a
fish touch the bait，but I didn’t move and waited to the right
moment to reel it in．At last，I caught it．This made me very happy．In
the following six hours，I caught over 10 fish．
On my way home，I thought what had happened on the bank．I gradually
realized that the secret of success was patience．
Part2. 巧妙发表opinion
同学们都知道读写任务的第二部分即opinion部分分值为20分，若想在这一大题中取得好成绩，opinion部分是关键。那么，如何才能发表出中肯的“观点”，在众多考卷中脱颖而出，获得阅卷老师的青睐呢？下面我们就以实例来具体分析其解题思路及备考策略。
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
It is an in-depth relationship combining trust,
support，communication，loyalty，understanding，sympathy and intimacy.
These are certainly aspects of life that a11 of us desire．Being
able to trust and relax with your friend is a big part of
friendship．Remember when you were young you went with a friend to
her grandma’ s for the weekend．It was fun but when you got
home，home was wonderful．①Your feeling was“ I am home．I can relax
now．” That’s what a friendship should be．You go out into the world
and do your best．You have your ups and downs，your problems and
triumphs，your fun and tribulations．You charm and perform. Then you
come “home”
to a friend．You can relax, put up your feet；you are relieved．If you
still have to be charming and／or performing，it’s not a
relief．Friendship is a comfortable situation like home．You get
home，kick off your shoes．Relax and sigh，“Ahh，home．”
② But no one can form a friendship until he／she realizes that the
basis of being fiends is meeting the needs of the other person．③One
must be a friend to have a friend．
Never forget that friends relate．Relating is the basis
of friendship．
【写作内容】
1) 以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2) 然后以约120个就“On Friendship”这个主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)根据你的亲身经历，你觉得朋友给你的生活带来了什么?
b)你对友谊的理解是什么?
c)你觉得如何才能建立起真正的友谊?
【写作要求】
你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。
一、解题思路
1．认真审题，领悟题意，明确写作内容和写作要求
2．整理要点，谋篇布局，划分文章段落及文章层次
此篇文章我们可以把opinion部分直接按照a）b）c）三个点分成三段，也可以把a）b）放在一段，c）则单独自成一段。这样，阅卷老师一眼就能看到你是否把要点写全。此外，各段的笔墨分配要有机平衡。
[高分绝招]力求开门见山，画龙点睛，建议使用航标式主题句来凸现我们的个人观点。（好处：第一、保证不离题，有的放矢地瞄准内容要点的要求。第二、帮助阅卷老师追踪我们的思路，留下好印象。）
如本文opinion部分的要点是：a）经历、朋友带来了什么b）友谊是什么c）如何建立友谊这些字眼要有意识地在每段开头出现，并加以修饰润色。
如：opinion部分的航标式主题句
第一段 According to my experience，I think friends bring
me________.
第二段 To me, friendship
is_____________________________________.
第三段 To build up true friendship , you
should___________________.
3．组织材料，充分论证
1）调动经验，大胆想象
本文的题材是夹叙夹议，其中a)要求我们要有自己的亲身经历。这时我们就应充分调动已有的生活经验或者大胆发挥想象，虚构经历。这段文字可以按照记叙文的五个基本要素来组织（what/who/when/where/what
to learn或者how）。
2）复读材料，移花接木
虽说不能抄袭原阅读材料中的句子但我们可以利用原文中的论点、论据，用自己的话进行阐述，充实文章的内容。此乃移花接木也。如参考原文中的第①句话就可以用来写b）你对友谊的理解是什么?
E.g. To my mind，friendship is a harbor where……
再如参考原文中的第②③句可以用来写c）如何建立友谊 e.g. be honest with
when he/she is in trouble, give a hand, etc.
4．注意衔接，自然过渡
由summary过渡到例证(experience),可用以下短语或句子过渡：(1)As to me/To me, friends
bring me a lot. (2)In terms of me, friends have always been the
postman bringing happiness to me. (3) According to my experience, I
think that what friends bring me is not only trust, understanding
but also happiness.
5．勘误润色，锦上添花
检查时态、语态是否正确；主谓是否一致；句子结构是否完整；词语搭配是否恰当；单词拼写是否有误；标点符号是否准确等。表达尽量多样化，语言尽量地道化。
******* 1）请同学们根据以上解题思路，完成这篇文章。（课堂练习）
[实战演练] 2）homework（选做）
组织学生分组讨论后请就下面两个标题发表议论。（100词左右）
My Opinion On Cheating in Examinations
How to Improve English Reading Skills
[示例二] （必做题）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
I was brought up in the countryside by my grandmother. She was very
courageous and inspiring woman and was very beautiful, too. In
comparison with her or some of my classmates, I always felt that I
was not beautiful or pretty. In fact, when I was studying in middle
school, I thought I was ugly and just because of these negative
feelings I was not very confident. I often felt self-conscious. One
day when I was walking with my grandmother after lunch, we met one
of her friends. We talked for a few minutes. Just as my
grandmother’s friend was about to leave, she turned to me and said,
“Xiao Wen, you look so beautiful today in that green dress.”
No one had ever made a comment like that to me before. It was so
encouraging. Suddenly I felt confident and happy. I couldn’t
believe that someone described me as beautiful. It is true that
those words turned my life around. And I admit that I treasured
that green dress for a long time.
【写作内容】
1．以约30个词概括短文的要点
2．然后以约120个词写一篇记叙文，描写表扬或称赞给人带来的愉快和鼓舞， 并包括以下要点：
a）叙述你或你的朋友被老师或其他人表扬的一次真实或虚构的经历；
b）被表扬后的感觉是怎么样的；
c）这次称赞、表扬带来的影响。
【写作要求】
1．可以参照阅读材料的篇章结构，组织故事，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
2．标题自定。
二、备考策略
1．扩大阅读面，积累语言素材；2．多思考，多问为什么，培养发散性思维；
3．每周一至两次的作文训练（用好《英语周报》的写作训练）
4. “万能”句型的积累; （写作范式见后面）
“错题集”的建立（把平时写作当中常用到的易错词汇如：convenient，succeed，opinion，nowadays，important，necessary，society，successful，support，science，future，chance，economy，future等及常被写错的句式专门记录在一个本子上，经常翻阅，以防重蹈覆辙。如：(1)As
is know that…/ (2)With t/(3)Most students are
/(4)People are convenient to do …./(5) There are many people
opinion.等（请你把这些句子纠正）____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6．勤练书写，保证卷面整洁
议论或说明类型文章的写作
任务型写作(共1小题；满分25分)
请根据以下的任务说明和写作要求，写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
【任务说明】
你要参加一场英语演讲比赛，主题是“中国是否应该鼓励私家车”。在参赛之前，你要查阅相关资料。并准备你的演讲发言。请认真阅读下面的短文，然后完成以下的任务。
1)概括短文的内容要点，该部分的字数大约30；
2)就“中国是否应该鼓励私家车”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包括以下的内容要点，该部分的字数大约120：
a)你现在采用的交通方式是什么?你满意吗?
b)你是否同意鼓励私家车的发展?为什么?
c)以环保为理由限制私家车是否成立?
d)是否鼓励私家车主要取决于什么因素?
【写作要求】
你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。
【阅读材料】
Should China Encourage Private Cars?
With the living standards rising rapidly, more and more Chinese
people can afford cars. But the increase of private cars produces
unfavorable effects in many aspects. I think private cars should
not be encouraged in China.
Private cars have to be restricted in China. To begin with, the
sharp increase of private cars worsens the already terrible traffic
situation in China. China has the largest population in the world.
The number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than
building roads. Mass transportation vehicles are more suitable
means to solve the traffic problems in China. However, more traffic
jams will happen, which is really a public hazard to all of us. The
number of private cars in urban areas should be limited while the
number of buses should be increased. Secondly, private cars
contribute to air pollution. A lot of big cities in China are now
plagued by serious ar pollution. It people are to have cars of
their own, the already contaminated atmosphere will get even
dirtier. Finally, more and more traffic accidents occur due to poor
driving skills of inexperienced private car owners.
In short, China should not encourage private cars. As far as the
great demand for means of transport is concerned, we can develop
mass transportation system to take the place of private cars.
解题指导：
评分标准告诉我们，文章从内容(完整性)、语言(句子结构的复杂度和语法的准确性)和文采修辞(连贯性)三个方面进行评价。我们可以分两个阶段若干个小步子完成任务。
第一个阶段，概括全文大意。 (注意：概括阶段并不需要加上个人的见解)
1．认真阅读全文，找出作者观点，确定主题句，用横线划起来。(见文章原文)
2．用英语对主题句进行解释，即I think private cars should not be encouraged in
注意：概括的主题句是陈述客观的事实而非发表主观的见解，发表主观见解用形容词
(例如necessary，important，easy等等)或情态动词(例如should，ought
to，must等等)居多，陈述客观事实用实义动词(例如show、prove、explore、explain等等)居多。例如，我们从第一句话的意义核心词think可以知道这是一个鲜明的观点。但是，我们概括是要用客观的口气进行陈述。
因此．我们用新的语言表达这一个意思，即：
This paper tries to explain the reasons to limit the number of
private cars．
用支撑句举出一到两个例子证明主题句，注意支撑句必须来源于阅读的文章，不能够自己随意发挥。这时候还没有让我们发表见解，只是检查我们的阅读理解是否到位。
文章原来的结构是这样的：
论点 I think private cars should not be encouraged in China．
论据一 To begin with，the sharp increase of private cars worsens the
already terrible traffic situation in China．China has the largest
population in the world．
论据二 Secondly，private cars contribute to air pollution．A lot of big
cities in China are now plagued by serious air pollution．
论据三 Finally，more and more traffic accidents occur due to poor
driving skills ofin—
experienced private car owners．
出路 we can develop mass transportation system to take the place of
private CarS．
现在，同学们来实践一下，用英文对上面的句子进行paraphrase(用英文解释英文)，完成对原文的概括。
第二个阶段，发表个人见解。
注意：可以同意或者反对文章观点，也可以对文章的各种观点进行折中。一般情况
下，如果文章中只有一种观点，那么，同意文章的观点并且证明它是比较容易的。
根据题目要求，文章至少包括以下的内容要点．
a)你现在的采用交通方式是什么? 你满意吗?
b)你是否同意鼓励私家车的发展?为什么?
c)以环保为理由限制私家车是否成立?
d)是否鼓励私家车主要取决于什么因素?
为了紧扣内容要点，我们建议使用航标式主题句来凸现我们的个人见解，例如：
1)I usually travel
2)In my opinion，
3)It’s to limit private cars
4)In my opinion, the factor that counts
这样，第一可以保证不离题，有的放矢地瞄准内容要点的要求；第二可以帮助读者追踪我们的思路。
概括段与下文的承接
读写任务型写作既然是先“读”后“写”，是读后有感而发，那么，“读的内容”和“感的内容”要有机地联系起来，即短文概括与发表议论的段落要合理地承接起来才是一篇连贯的文章。当然，具体的承接方式需要根据具体的写作内容而定。一般情况下，承接的方式可视原阅读材料的文体而定。
阅读材料如果是议论文，作者已有鲜明的观点，可采用以下的句式承接下文：
1. What the writer said sounds reasonable.
2. I can’t agree more with what the writer said.
3. I quite agree with the writer’s idea.
4. I’m for the writer’s idea that …
5. I don’t agree with the writer’s view.
6. I’m strongly against the writer’s idea.
7. I partly agree with what the writer said.
8. I feel such an attitude is negative, and that it can bring…;
some people argues as if it is a general truth that …;But to be
frank, I cannot agree with them.
说明文或新闻报道是为读者提供一定的信息或揭示描述某种社会问题的，作者的写作意图往往没有明白地在文章表达出来，所以我们在概括完原文的要点后，往往要先把作者的写作意图点明后才发表自己的意见。这时，我们可采用以下句式承接下文：
1. This passage should arouse our awareness of …
2. This passage draws our attention to..
3. The phenomena mentioned in this passage reflects that …
4. The problem talked about in this passage is worth our
故事性的文章，需要考生先揭示主题，引出作者的观点才能进行议论，一般可采用以下的句式承接下文：
1. This story shows us the importance/necessity of…
2. We can see from the passage that…
3. It can be inferred from this passage that…
4. From this passage we can know that…
注意：在发表你的opinion之前要有过渡词或过渡句。常见的过渡句有：
1．表达自己的意见
In my opinion，….; As far as I am concerned, …; As for me,…
2．表示赞同
I agree with the statement that…; I fully support the statement
above because I am very sure…
3．表示不赞同
I feel such an attitude is negative，and it can bring…;Some people
argues as if it is a general truth that…; But to be frank, I cannot
agree with them.
参考范文：
This paper tries to explain the reasons to limit the number of
private cars．More private cars may cause heavier traffic jams, more
serious air pollution and more serious traffic accidents.
I usually travel on foot or by bus, with which I’m not satisfied
because it takes me too much time. Personally, I agree to increase
private cars. First, owning private cars is a demand from the
Chinese people, who are getting richer day by day. Second, private
cars are a symbol of a country’s modernization. However, I don’t
take environmental protection as a valid reason to limit the
development of private cars. We can solve this problem by using
science and technology. For example, we can run cars with green
fuels, and also improve public transportation systems for more
efficient service. In my opinion, the factor that counts should be
people’s demand of cars.
参考摘要：
(1) Different colors usually give different feelings to
(2) The story is about an unforgettable lesson of the writer from
an old man while fishing, through which the writer realized
patience was very important and that it was the secret of
任务型写作指导补充材料
写作范式1：话题作文
Nowadays, there are more and more ______.It is estimated that
______. Why have there been so many _______? Maybe the reasons can
be listed as follows. The first one is _______. Besides, ______.
The third one is_______. To sum up, the main cause of ______ is due
to _____.It is high time that something were done upon it. For one
thing, _______. On the other hand, ______ . All these measures will
certainly reduce the number of _______.
写作范式2：论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法
The topic of_______ is becoming more and more popular
recently．There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A
is _______.They hold their view for the reason of _____.What’s
more, ______.
While others think that B is a better choice．Firstly, ________.
Secondly( Besides), ________.
From my point of view，I think _______. The reason is that________.
As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my
写作范式3：要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that______. They think________.
In my opinion，I never think this reason can be the point．For one
thing，________. For another thing, _________.
I agree to the thought that ________.
写作范式4：“一分为二” 观点的议论文
Nowadays more and more people________．______ has/have both
advantages and disadvantages. Generally, the advantages can be
listed as follows．Firstly，______. Secondly, ________. In
addition/What’s more ________.
Every coin has two sides．The disadvantages are also obvious．To
begin with______; To make matters worse, _____;Worst f
all，_________.
All things considered，we can see that the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages．Therefore _______.
写作范式5:现象说明文
Recently_______, what amazes us most is______, it’s true that
The main reason is________. What is more，______. Thirdly, ________.
As a result, _______.
In my opinion，_______.For one thing, ____, for another,
___________.
写作范式6：阐述主题题型
In my opinion，________. The good old proverb _______ remind us
that______. Indeed, we can learn many things form it．First of
all，______. Secondly, ____. Another case is that ______.
Furthermore, ____________ .
写作范式7：解决方法题型
In recent days, we have to face the problem ________, which is
becoming more and more serious. First, ______ .Second,
_________.
In this situation, we should take some measures to deal with the
situation. For one thing, _________. For another _______. Finally,
Personally, I believe that ______ . Consequently, I’m confident
that a bright future is waiting for us because ______.
写作范式8：说明利弊题型
Nowadays many people prefer ______ because it has an important role
in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as
follows. First, ______. Besides, _______.
But every coin has two sides. The disadvantages are also clear. One
of the important disadvantages is that ________. To make matters
worse, _______.
Personally, I believe that ______. Therefore, I would like to
[参考范文一]
Friendship plays a big part in our life, just like a home where you
can get relaxed. But to keep and form it needs relating and being
ready to help other.
According to my experience, I think friends bring me not only
trust, understanding but also warmth. Once on a weekend I fell
badly ill. Unfortunately, I lived at school and my parents had no
idea of my illness. I had thought about lying in bed all day. But
one of my friends had me sent to hospital and looked after me
without having a rest, which moved me a lot. It is friendship that
gives me a hand when I’m in trouble.
As I enjoy making friends, I value friendship a lot. And I think
friendship is a relationship which requires both honesty with each
other and sharing.
Thus, to my mind, to build up real friendship, we should make
friends with those who we can trust, then take serious concerns on
our friendship and always get ready to help each
[参考范文二]
The writer was once praised by one of her grandmother’s friends for
her beautiful green dress. This praise not only made her happy but
also changed her attitude towards herself.
Praise is really magical. Perhaps many of us had such experience.
Take myself as an example. I was very naughty in the primary
school. Most of the teachers and even my parents felt headache of
me. But it happened that I once got a very high mark in and
examination and the headteacher reported this to my parents. My
parents praised me crazily for this for quite a long time and told
neighbors about that. I felt really happy and became polite to
others. Every time when I heard others talk to me about my
excellent examination result, I thought to myself that I would work
even harder and made greater progress.
Just as Shakespeare said, “ Our praises are our
[发表议论参考答案]
How to Improve English Reading Skills
To improve your English reading , you should, first of all, choose
something you feel important or interesting to read. Don’t try to
read everything. You should begin with those written in simple
English. Don’t read those which prove difficult for you at the
beginning.
While reading, don’t read too slowly or look up every new word you
meet with. After reading a passage and having its main idea in
mind, you may turn back and read it again. This time you read it
slowly and look up some new words if necessary.
Keep on reading like this and you will surely make progress little
by little.
Opinion On Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at
As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we
have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the
other hand, some of us are lazy and don’t work at their lessons. So
when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get
better results to please their parents and teachers.
In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it
break the rules of school. We students should be honest and try to
get good marks by studying hard instead of cheating in
examinations. What’s more, for examinations we should improve our
study methods and get well prepared for
examinations.
[句子纠错]
(1) As is known,……/ It’s known that……/We all know that……
(2) With the development of economy,……
(3) Most of the students agree with it./are for the idea
(4) It’s convenient (for people) to do sth. ……
(5) There are many people holding the opinion./who holds the
二、层层深入，发表看法（写作第二部分要求）
在读写任务中，“发表自己看法”占据了大部分的内容，它是考生能否在书面表达中拿到高分的关键。因此，我们写作时需要有一个清晰的思路，要列出提纲，作一个合理的安排。
（一）．理思路，列提纲。
根据所提问题，我们首先应充分调动自身的知识经验，搜集有关背景资料，筛选可用的素材。例：
写作要求：就“童年对人生的影响”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包含了以下的内容要点，该部分字数大约为120词左右。
1．你的童年是怎样度过的；
2．在你童年时，你爸妈的言行或教导给你留下了什么影响；
3．你认为怎样的童年是最幸福的？
基于以上的写作要求，我们列出的提纲可以是：
（1） how to spend
childhood&①play with…
②go fishing(climbing…)
（2） influences from your parents&①what parents
say/did……
②the way which parents educate us…
（3） what is the happiest childhood&①stay with
②do what we like to…
（二）．圈点相关短语、句式
除了学生自己提供的材料外，运用原文中一些相关的断语，句式，也是相当重要的。这样可避免写作时离题、跑题；相反我们应紧紧围绕主题，做到中心明确，条理清晰。例如，在原文中我们可以找出以下有用的断语、句式。
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
（1）a quiet and simple live
1． how to spend childhood
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
（2）I have……
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
（1）The parents give me …so that…
2. influences from your parents
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
（2）Not only …but also…
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
（1）I consider …the happiest life
3. what is the happiest childhood
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
（2）I think…
（三）．围绕中心，发表看法。
&根据上面已罗列出来的素材，学生可适当地运用话题积累词语、句式和其他一些过渡性词语，航标式主题句等材料来灵活表达要点。这样写出来的文章更加自然、流畅，句子前后衔接紧密，条理清晰，层层深入，连贯通顺，符合逻辑。
三．另外，从上面的写作过程中我们也了解到平时的知识积累非常重要，我认为写作除了应具备必要的词汇量，一定的语法知识和语言组织能力外，作为读写任务还要着重注意以下几方面的积累。
（一）．过渡词的积累。
过渡词的适当运用能增加文章的层次性，明确句与句，词与词之间的关系。例如：表并列，递进的过渡词有：and, and then, too,
in additions, moreover…表时间顺序的有：now, then, before, after,
next…表对比关系的：but,however, on the contrary …表总结性的：finally, in other,
on the whole…
（二）．多样化句式的积累。
句式的变化包括句子的结构和长度两方面的变化。单一的句式读起来给人以单调的感觉，而句式多样化不仅可给文章增色，提高文章的档次，更能显示作者的写作水平。其实多样化的句式在高中阶段已学了不少，主要有：
1．以形式主语“it”引导的有关句型。
（1） It + be + adj. /n. +to do sth. /doing sth
（2） 强调句：It + be + 被强调的部分+其它
2．各种各样的从句。
3．倒装句。
4．感叹句。
5．表虚拟的语句。
（三）．话题积累。
我们在关注社会热点话题的同时，也应该关注这些话题的相关词汇、经典句子，以备我们写作所用。例：表中学生之间友谊的词汇、句子有：get
to know sb.(认识某人)；know sb really well (熟知某人)；make friends with sb
(与某人交朋友)；personal matters (隐私)；share … with sb （与……分享……）；Friends
give us… （朋友给与我们……）；A good friend is someone you can
…（一位好朋友就是一个我们能够……的人）；We can turn to …when we feel down.
(当我们心情糟糕时，可以求助于……)；A friend in need is a friend indeed.
(患难见真情)。
总之，读写任务型写作重点在于考查学生概括的准确性，语言的规范性，内容的合理性以及篇章的连贯性，而且写作能力的培养是一个日积月累的过程。因此，在读写任务训练专项中，教师应重视对学生学习能力的培养，循序渐进，增强成功体验，帮助学生及时总结经验，积累素材，对于他们的进步及时表扬，开发和增强他们的自信心，增加学生对自身价值和能力的认识，使学生体验到成功的喜悦，从而激发更大的学习兴趣，以适用高考要求。
广东省高考英语读写任务
议论文专题写作导练
阅读短文后，按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
广东省高考英语读写任务议论文写作导练(1)
广东省高考英语读写任务议论文写作导练(一)阅读材料1
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average
men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence
shows that the jobless are in poorer health than the job-holders. A
study shows that whenever the employment rate increases by 1%, the
death rate increase correspondingly(相应地) by 2%. All this comes down
to one point: work is helpful to health.
广东省高考英语读写任务议论文写作导练(一)阅读材料2
Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy,
away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy,
worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the
happiest are those who are busy. Work serves as a bridge between
man and reality. By work, people come into contact with each other.
By collective activities, they find friendship and warmth. This is
helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything.
It affects man spiritually and makes him likely to disease.
Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of
achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status in society.
When a writer finishes his writing or teacher sees his students
grow, they are happy beyond words.
广东省高考英语读写任务议论文写作导练(一)
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“努力学习，快乐生活”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)你赞同“努力学习也可以快乐生活”这一观点吗？为什么？
b)举例说明你的同学是如何努力学习并保持健康乐观的心态的？
c)简述如何才能做到努力学习并快乐生活？
[写作要求]
(1)可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
(2)标题自定。
[评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
广东省高考英语读写任务议论文写作导练(一)写作指导1
[写作指导]
(1)拟定标题：根据议论的主题及写作内容确定标题：&Study hard and enjoy
yourselves。
(3)扼要概括：找出议论文的基本要素，然后用自己的话表达出来。
广东省高考英语读写任务议论文写作导练(一)写作指导2
(3)确立观点，实施论证：首先要定好自己的观点，不一定是自己本来持有的观点，主要是看文章怎么好写就怎样立论。然后，根据所给“写作内容”进行构思，此处要求举例说明你的同学是如何努力学习并保持健康乐观的心态的，那么，写之前可以想一想平时的学习过程中，什么时候会发笑，会高兴，再把它们搬到同学的身上，用第三人称即可。如一起分享攻克难题后的喜悦；新学会的谚语刚好应景而生；开同学一个无伤大雅的玩笑；学习之余，抽半个小时来一场三人小组篮球赛进行自我调节等等。
最后，用一两句话简述你的看法。
广东省高考英语读写任务议论文写作导练(一) 参考答案1
How to protect the cultural heritages in our country？
The Great Wall is one of the Seven Wonders of the World and a
symbol of the ancient Chinese civilization, but now it is in danger
and some day it may disappear because of some local people’s
What a pity！As we can see，some other valuable and important relics
in our country have been destroying as well. Why are some people
doing that so foolishly？Because the local people are not aware of
their importance. Cultural heritages are left to us by our
ancestors and are also symbols of their wisdoms, which played a
very important role in history.
广东省高考英语读写任务议论文写作导练(三)参考范文2
Around me, some of my classmates work very hard, hoping to fulfill
their dream. However, they don’t seem unhappy. Oppositely, they try
to find fun even under the pressure of the NMET. For example, they
may share the joy with others when working out a problem. Sometimes
they may play a trick on his partner using the newly-learned
idioms, thus refresh themselves quickly.
As for me, I think only when we truly experience what fun it is,
can we spare no effort to study hard and meanwhile enjoy
ourselves.
广东省高考英语读写任务议论文写作导练(2)
广东省高考英语读写任务议论文写作导练(二)阅读材料1
阅读下面这篇短文，按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
No one can believe that the over 6,300-kilometer Great Wall might
disappear some day. Believe it or not, the Great Wall is being
destroyed by people. Less than 20 percent of the Great Wall built
in the Ming Dynasty is still perfect, but about 80 percent is in
danger. The Great Wall can be called “great” mostly because of its
amazing length. But we should realize that the length was made up
of one brick at a time. If we do nothing to save the Great Wall, it
will become a series of separate wasteland rather than a historic
广东省高考英语读写任务议论文写作导