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句型宝典 疑问句型 What is this? 结构∶问句:What+be 动词+this(that…)? 答句:This(that…)+be 动词+a book(pen…) . 说明∶此句型意为&这(那)是什N?这(那)是书(钢笔…).what(什N)叫做&疑问词& & ,用於询问&事物& ,通 常放在句首,后接 be &动词&,再接&主词&,第一个字母 w 要大写,句尾要加问号(?),位置不可排错. What is this? This is a chair. What's this? It's a book. What is that? That is a desk. What are these? 结构∶问句:What are+these/those…? 答句:These/Those are+复数名词(+s/es) . 说明∶&主词&与&动词&的形式要一致,is 后面接单数&名词&,are 后面要接复数&名词&. What are these? These are books. What are those? Those are cups. What are they? They are glasses. What are you? 结构∶问句:What+be 动词+主词(人)…? 答句:主词+be 动词+a student…. 说明∶此句型意为&你是做什N事情的?我是学生…& .疑问词 what 除了询问事物之外,还可用於询问&人的职业或身 分& .be &动词&随&人称代名词&的变化而改变形态,如:I am,we are,you are,he is…. What are you? I am a student. What is she? She is a teacher. Are you a ...? 结构∶问句:Be 动词(am,are,is)+主词+…? 肯定简答:Yes,主词+am(are,is) . 否定简答:No,主词+am(are,is)not. 说明∶在否定&简答句&中,&主词&和 am,is,are 可以缩写;在肯定&简答句&中则不可. Is he a student? Yes, he is. (No, he isn't.) Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I'm not.) Is that a clock? Yes, it is. (No, it isn't.) What is your name? 结构∶问句:What+is+所有格+name? 答句:所有格+name+is+名字. 说明∶&my,your,his,her&为单数人称的&所有格&;&所有格&后面必接&名词&,即&&所有格&+&名词&& ;&所有格& 不可与 a,an,this,that,these 或 those 紧接一起使用. What is your name? My name is Sue. What is his name? His name is John. What is her name? Her name is Jean. Who is that ...? 结构∶问句:Who+be 动词+that+形容词+名词? 答句:That is+名字. 说明∶Who 是&疑问代名词&,询问人的&姓名&或&关系& ;将&形容词&直接放在&名词&前面,叫做&前位修饰& . Who is that short boy? That is Bill. Who is that tall girl? That is Mary. Who is that fat man? He is my uncle. Where is ...? 那位矮男孩是谁?那位是比尔. 那位高女孩是谁?那位是玛丽. 那位胖男子是谁?那位是我叔叔. 你叫什N名字?我的名字叫苏. 他叫什N名字?他的名字叫约翰. 她叫什N名字?她的名字叫珍. 他是学生吗?是的,他是. (不,他不是. ) 你是教师吗?是的,我是. (不,我不是. ) 那是钟表吗?是的,它是. (不,它不是. ) 你是做什N事情的?我是一名学生. 她是做什N事情的?她是一名教师. 这些是什N?这些是书. 那些是什N?那些是茶杯. 它们是什N?它们是玻璃杯. 这是什N?这是一张椅子. 这是什N?它是一本书. 那是什N?那是一张书桌.结构∶问句:Where+be 动词(am,are,is)+主词…? 答句:主词+be 动词+in the+名词…. 说明∶问句是&Where ...?& ,简答时可用&副词片语&&In/On the+&名词&& . Where is Sue? She is in her room. Where are your books? On the desk. Are you V-ing ...? 结构∶Am(Are,Is)+主词+现在分词…? 说明∶此句型意为&&主词&(人,物)正在…吗?& .这一&句型&转换的三要素是:be &动词&移到句首;改为大写;句 尾用问号. Is Mary sleeping? Is the dog playing? What are you doing? 结构∶问句:What+am(are,is)+主词+现在分词? 答句:主词+am(are,is)+现在分词…. 说明∶&&主词&(人)正在做什N?&主词&(人)正在…& .注意:&祈使句&的动词只能用原形,不可造&现在进行式&; 表示&瞬间产生&的动作的&动词片语&,如 sit down,stand up,不可造&现在进行式&. What am I doing? You are reading a book. 我正在做什N? 你正在阅读一本书. 姑娘们正在做什N? 她们在唱歌. 比尔在写什N? 他在写一封信. What are the girls doing? They are singing. What is Bill writing? He is writing a letter. How old are you? 结构∶问句:How old+be 动词+主词(某人)? 答句:主词(某人)+be 动词+year(s) old. 说明∶此句型意为&某人几岁?某人是…岁& .该句型中,&疑问词&要用 how,不可用且 be &动词&(am,is, are)要和后面的&主词&(某人)配合;答句中的&year(s) old&可以省略. How old are you? I am twelve (years old). How old is John? He is one year old. What time is it? 结构∶问句:What time is it? 答句:It is+数字+o'clock. 说明∶此句型意为&现在是几点钟?现在是…点钟& .问句中 what 当&形容词&,修饰后面的&名词&time 当时间 解时,只能用单数,不可用复数. What time is it? It is ten o'clock. What time is it? It is six o'clock. What time is it? It is nine o'clock. Do you + V ...? 结构∶问句:Do/Does+主词+原形动词…? 肯定简答:Yes,主词+do/does. 否定简答:No,主词+don't/doesn't. 说明∶肯定句中,如有一般&动词&(speak,work,teach…) ,则在句首加&助动词& do 或 does,并将一般&动词&改为 原形&动词&(不加 s 或 es) ,即构成&疑问句&. Do you speak English? Yes, I do. (No, I don't.) 你讲英语吗?是的,我讲英语. (不,我不讲英语. ) Does she have a cat? Yes, she does. (No, she doesn't.) 她有一只猫吗?是的,她有一只猫. (不,她没有一只猫. ) Do they work in office? Yes, they do. (No, they don't.) 他们在办公室里工作吗?是的,他们在办公室里工作. (不,他们不在办公室里工作. ) 现在是几点钟?现在是十点钟. 现在是几点钟?现在是六点钟. 现在是几点钟?现在是九点钟. 你几岁?我十二岁. 你的姊妹几岁?她十三岁. How old is your sister? She is thirteen years old. 玛丽正在睡觉吗? 你正在看书吗? 小狗正在玩耍吗? Are you reading a book? 苏在那里?她在她的房间里. 你的书在那里?在书桌上. 你妈吗在哪里?她在厨房里.Where is your mother? She is in the kitchen.约翰几岁?他一岁.What time do you + V ...? 结构∶问句:What time+do/does+主词+原形动词…? 答句:主词(某人)+一般动词…+时间. 说明∶此句型意为 &某人几点做某事?& &助动词& do 或 does 的选择依&主词&而定, 若&主词&为第三人称单数, 用 其它用 do. What time do you get up? I usually get up at six. 你几点起床?我通常六点起床. What time does he go to bed? He usually goes to bed at ten.他几点就寝?他通常十点就寝. What time does your class begin? It begins at eight-ten. 你的课几点开始?八点十分开始. What day is today? 结构∶问句:What day is today? 答句:It's+Sunday/Monday/…. 说明∶此句型意为&今天是星期几?今天是星期日/星期一/…. &it 可用於指&星期的名称& ,但 this 或 that 不可 以;一星期七天的名称,都是&专有名词&,开头的首字母要大写,前面不加&冠词&. What day is today? It's Sunday. What day is today? It's Wednesday. What day is today? It's Saturday. How many N are there ... 结构∶问句:How many+复数名词+are there in/on+名词? 答句:There is/are+单数(复数)名词+in/on+名词. 说明∶此句型意为&在某处有多少…?在某处有…. &该句型中,many 修饰复数&名词&;又因本句型是 &疑问句&,故用 are there,不可用 there are. How many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year. 一年有几个季节? 一年有四季. How many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week. 一星期有几天? 一星期有七天. How many lessons are there in this book? There are twelve lessons in this book. 这本书里有几课? 这本书里有十二课. How many ... do you have? 结构∶问句:How many+复数名词+do/does+主词+have? 答句:主词+have/has…+复数名词+…. 答句:主词+don't/doesn't have…+复数名词…. 说明∶&How many&后面接复数&可数名词&,复数&名词&的前面可用 many,a lot of,a few,some,few,any,no 等 修饰. How many books do you have? I have a lot of books. (I don't have any books.) 你有几本书? 我有许多书. (我没有书. ) How many sweaters do you have? I have three sweaters. (I don't have any sweaters.) 你有几件毛衣? 我有三件毛衣. (我没有毛衣. ) How many friends does she have? She has a lot of friends. (She doesn't have many friends.) 她有几个朋友? 她有许多朋友. (她没有许多朋友. ) How much ... do you have? 结构∶问句:How much+单数不可数名词+do/does+主词+have? 答句:主词+have/has…+单数不可数名词. 答句:主词+don't/doesn't have…+单数不可数名词. 说明∶&How much&后面接单数&不可数名词&,单数&不可数名词&前面可用 much, a little,some,little,any,no 等修饰. How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea. (He doesn't have any tea.) 他有多少茶? 他有很多茶. (他没有茶. ) How much homework do they have? They have a lot of homework. (They don't have much homework.) 他们 今天是星期几?今天是星期日. 今天是星期几?今天是星期三. 今天是星期几?今天是星期六.有多少家庭作业? 他们有许多家庭作业. (他们没有许多家庭作业. ) How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit. (They don't have a lot of fruit.) 他们有多少水果? 他们有许多水果. (他们没有许多水果. ) How much do(es) ... cost? 结构∶How much do(es)+某物+cost…? 说明∶此句型意为&某物值多少钱?& .how much 用来询问商品的价格.还可以写作: &How much+ be &动词&+某物? &. How much does this computer cost? (=How much is this computer?)这部电脑值多少钱? How much do the vegetables cost? Did ... V ... 结构∶Did+主词+原形动词+…过去时间? 说明∶将肯定句中的过去式改为&Did+原形&动词&& ,并将 Did 放在句首,句尾用问号,即构成过去式的&疑问句&. Did he clean the room yesterday? Did she wash the skirt yesterday? Did he eat lunch yesterday? 他昨天打扫房间吗? 她昨天洗这裙子吗? 你弟弟今天上午在公园玩耍吗? 上星期你在动物园里看到大象了吗? 这些蔬菜值多少钱? 这些电影票值多少钱? How much do the movie tickets cost?Did your brother play in the park this morning? 他昨天吃午饭吗? Did you see any elephants in the zoo last week? Did Sue have her breakfast at eight? Do you ever + V ...? 结构∶问句:Do/Does+主词+ever+原形动词…?苏在八点钟吃过早餐了吗?答句:No,主词+never+一般动词(加 s 或 es)…. 说明∶ever 通常用於&疑问句&, never 通常用於否定回答; never 也可放在句首, 后接原形 &动词&, 形成否定&祈使句&, 如例句 4. Do you ever use a computer? No, I never use a computer. 你曾经使用电脑吗?不,我未曾使用过电脑. Does Tom ever get up late? No, Tom never gets up late. 汤姆曾经晚起床吗?不,汤姆未曾晚起床过. Does Sally ever play the piano? No, Sally never plays the piano. 萨莉曾经弹钢琴吗?不,萨莉未曾弹过钢琴. Never be late for school, Bill. What year was he born in? 结构∶What date/year+was/were+主词+born+on/in? 说明∶此句型意为&你出生於几月几日(那一年)?& .born 是&原形动词& bear 的过去&分词&,在文法上当 &形容词&, 前面常有 was 或中文说&某人出生& ,英语应说: &某人+was/were born…& . What year were you born in? 你出生於那一年? 你母亲出生於几月几日? 你妹妹出生於几月? What date was your mother born on? What month was your sister born in? What will you do on ...? 结构∶What will/did+主词+do+on+时间? 说明∶此句型意为&某人在某时间将做什N?(未来式)某人在某时做了什N事?(过去式).指特定的日期(如几月 & 几日) ,星期几或星期几的早上(下午,晚上) ,要用介系词 on. What will you do on Teacher's Day? What will they do on Christmas Eve? What will Helen do on her birthday? What did John do on New Year's Day? What did Mary do on Youth Day? How do you + V ...? What did the suspect do on July ninth? 你在教师节将做什N事? 他们在圣诞夜将做什N事? 海伦在她生日那天将做什N事? 约翰在元旦做了什N事? 嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什N事情? 比尔,上学绝不可迟到.玛丽在青年节做了什N事?结构∶问句:How+do+主词+一般动词…? 答句:主词+一般动词…+情状副词. 说明∶How 是问情况的&疑问副词&,表示&怎样…?& .用於说明&状态或性质&的副词,称为 &情状副词&.当用来修 饰&不及物动词&时,&情状副词&位於其后;当用来修饰&及物动词&时,&情状动词&位於&及物动词&的前面或后面. How did you do your work? I did my work happily. 你怎样做你的工作? 我很快乐地做了我的工作. How did Mrs. Lin look at Mr. Lin? She looked at Mr. Lin coldly. 林太太怎样注视林先生? 她冷漠地注视林先生. How does Mr. Wang drive his taxi? He drives his taxi carefully. 王先生怎样驾驶他的计程车? 他小心地驾驶他的计程车. You are ..., aren't you? 结构∶肯定句,+否定式助动词+主词? 说明∶这是一种反意&疑问句&,其结构特点是:第一部分是肯定式,第二部分就用否定式.直述句的&主词&是&名词&时, 附加问句的&主词&要用&代名词&代替:it 代替 this, that,&不定词&(当&主词&)或&动名词&(当&主词&)等;they 代 替 these,those, people 等.下列&助动词&的否定缩写式较易弄错:will not-&won't;would not-& wouldn't; should not-&shouldn't;can not-&can't;could not-&couldn't; might not-&mightn't;ought not-&oughtn' t.直述句有一般&动词&现在式,则附加问句用 do 或 does 代替;有一般&动词&过去式,则附加问句用 did 代替. They're ready, aren't they?(读降调)他们准备好了吧?(读升调)他们准备好了,不是吗? Mike has a car, doesn't he?(读降调)麦克有辆车,是吧?(读升调)麦克有辆车,不是吗? The secretary typed the letter, didn't she? They will go to Europe, won't they? You are the teacher, aren't you? 是秘书打了这封信,不是吗? 他们将去欧洲,不是吗? 你就是老师,不是吗?I suppose you have been in our woods, haven't you?我推想你在我们的森林里呆过,不是吗? I know he had a good time last night, didn't he? 我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快,不是吗? The wall plug is broken, isn't it? You can do it, can't you? He isn't ..., is he? 结构∶否定句,+肯定式助动词+主词? 说明∶这是另一种反意&疑问句&.否定结构在第一部分,第二部分就要用肯定结构.对反意&疑问句&的回答和对否定式 一般&疑问句&一样,要看答句. He isn't a manager, is he? -- Yes, he is. (No, he isn't.) 他不是经理,是吧?--不,他是经理. (是的,他不是经理. ) Mike doesn't have a car, does he? They won't go to Europe, will they? You aren't the teacher, are you? What in the world ...? 结构∶疑问词+in the world/on earth/ever+其他 说明∶此句型意为&究竟…?到底…?& .这是特殊&疑问句&的强调说法.in the world,on earth 和 ever 是强调疑问 词的&片语&. How in the world will he do it? What in the world do you mean? How on earth did you know it? Who on earth told you that? Where ever did you lose it? 他到底将如何做这件事? 你的意思究竟是什N? 你到底是怎N知道的? 那件事究竟是谁告诉你的? 你到底在哪儿丢的呀? 他们到底想要什N? 麦克没有车,是吗? 秘书没有打过这封信,是吗? 他们不会去欧洲,是吗? 你不是老师,是吗? 我想他无法回答这个问题,是吗? The secretary didn't type the letter, did she? 墙上的插座坏了,不是吗? 乾净的公园是美丽的,不是吗? Clean parks are beautiful, aren't they? We should rise early, shouldn't we?你会做它,不是吗? 我们应该早起,不是吗?I don't think he can answer the question, can he?What in the world are they hoping for?Are you ... or ...? 结构∶一般疑问句(读升调)+or+一般疑问句(读降调) 说明∶此句型意为&是…还是…?&.这是选择&疑问句&,前面都是一般&疑问句&,后面的问句如与前面有相同的部分, 都可以省略. Shall we come to see you or will you come to see us? 是我们来找你们,还是你们来找我们? Are you from the America or from the England? Will he go on Monday or on Tuesday? Would you like coffee or tea? What ..., + A or B? 结构∶特殊疑问句(读降调),+A(读升调)or B(读降调) 说明∶这种选择&疑问句&使用得相当广泛,其特点是:前面的特殊&疑问句&已经明确地指出了要问的内容,再补充几项 具体事物让对方做出肯定的答覆.其语调是&降-升-降&调. What would you like - coffee or tea? 你要什N?咖啡还是茶? 您想买什N?丝还是棉? 您去了哪里?天津还是北京? Which would you rather to buy - silk or cotton? Where did you go: to Tianjin or to Beijing? 你何时去交易会?明天还是另找哪一天? ... what/which ... 结构∶主要子句+疑问词(what/how/which/why 等)+子句 说明∶这是间接&疑问句&.疑问词后面的语句采用正常词序,不采用特殊&疑问句&所用的倒装词序.全句末尾大多用句 点,但也有用问号的.直接问句改为间接问句或间接句时,原先的&疑问句&要改为肯定句或&否定句&的顺序;&助动词& 如 will,should,would, must,may,can 等,须照抄,不可去掉;&助动词&如 do,does,did,必须去掉,再将它 后面的原形&动词&改为适当的形式. I'd like to know how old the manager is. He inquired how it was done. Tell me why it is so important? Tell me what happened yesterday. Please advise me which item I should buy. They do not know what the words mean. 我想知道经理有多大年纪. 请问我该先买哪个品种. 他问这事做得怎N样了. 告诉我为什N此事这N重要? 他们不知道这些字的意思是什N. 告诉我昨天所发生的事. 您是美国人还是英国人? 他是星期一走还是星期二走?你是要咖啡还是茶?When will you go to the Fair, tomorrow or some other day?What they talked about is what we want to know. 他们谈论什N是我们所想要知道的事. She washed her hair every night and measured how much it grew in a week. 她每晚洗头发,而且量量看一星期长多少. You will never know how much your encouragement meant to me. 你决不会知道你的鼓励对我多N有意义. ... whether/if ... 结构∶主要子句+whether/if+子句 说明∶此句型意为&…是否…& .口语中使用 if 较为普遍.如果子句中带有 or not 等词,则只能用另外, whether 不能引导否定的间接&疑问句&,而 if 则可以. He asked me the question whether the price was too high. They asked him whether the quality is fine or not. Tell me whether you like this color. Tell me if it doesn't rain. Ask him if it is true. Do you know if/where ... 结构∶一般疑问句+疑问词(what/where/when 等)+子句 说明∶此句为双重&疑问句&.疑问词后面采用正常词序,不用倒装词序. Can you tell me where the teacher has gone? 你能告诉我老师到哪里去了吗? 告诉我是否下不了雨. 我想知道他是否在学校. 他问我价格是否太高. 他们问他质量是否好.告诉我你喜不喜欢这种颜色.问他那是不是真的.I wonder if he is in the school.Have you any idea where he comes from? Do you know if they like this new item? Do you know who wants to go with me? Do you know when the train will leave? He is ..., is he? 结构∶肯定式陈述句+肯定式反问句他是哪里人,您知道不知道? 你知道他们是否喜欢这个新品种? 你知道火车何时开吗? 你知道谁想跟我一起去吗?Can you tell me how much you earn a month? 你能告诉我你一个月赚多少吗?说明∶这种疑问&句型&的前后一致,都是肯定式结构.后一部分进一步强调前一部分的内容,是不需要回答的一种修辞 方式. We are old friends, not strangers, right? He's a capable businessman, is he? 我们是老朋友了,不是陌生人,是吗? 原来你是来进口中国纺织品的,是N? 他是一位很有能力的业务员,可不是吗?So you come importing Chinese textiles, do you? ... what ...? 结构∶…疑问词(在句中任何位置上)…So you've been to Shanghai, have you? 原来你去过上海,是吧?说明∶疑问词不是位於句子开头,而是在句子中任何位置上,这种方法十分简单,因此在口语中经常出现. Two times what number makes ten? You will go where? He's your who? You are twenty-what this year? 他是你什N人? What/How about + N/V-ing? 结构∶What/How about+名词/动名词? 说明∶此句型意为&…如何?& .这是徵求对方意见或提议的委婉说法. What about the name Smith? What about going to a movie? 史密斯这个名字怎N样? 去看场电影如何? 借点钱给我如何? 礼拜天洗车怎N样? 什N数的两倍是十? 你今年二十几岁? 你要到哪里去?What about lending me some money? How about the others?What about washing the car on Sunday? 剩余的怎N样? How about a drink? 来一杯吧?How about a cup of coffee at a nearby coffee shop? What if ...? 结构∶What if+主词+动词去附近的咖啡屋喝杯咖啡吧?说明∶此句型意为&如果…的话怎N办呢?& .但经常用於反语,有时也变成&即使…也没关系&之意. What if it is true? 如果这是真的又该如何呢? 如果他不同意该怎N办呢? 如果他现在回来怎N办? 如果那男孩的父母死了该怎N办呢? What if he doesn't agree? What if he comes back now? What if I fail! What ... for? 结构∶What+助动词+主词+动词…+for? 说明∶此句型意为&为什N…?& .相当於&For what…?& What are you running for? What do you want it for? What did they go there for? How else ...? 结构∶How else+助动词+主词+助动词? 说明∶此句型意为&…还有别的方法吗?& . How else should a father in this modern world express his affection and concern for his own son? 代这个世界上,父亲还应该有别的方法来对自己的儿子表示爱护和关心吗? 现 你为什N在跑步? 你为什N要那个? 他们为什N去那里?What if the boy's parents should die? 即使我失败了又怎样!How else can the doctor save him? How else can I apologize for her? 假设法句型医院还有别的方法可以救他吗? 我还能有别的方法可以向她道歉吗?If + Present Tense ..., S + will/shall + V ... 结构∶If+现在式…,S+未来式… 说明∶if 子句用现在式,表示须具备的条件,主句用未来式表示可能的结果,整句含意为&如果…,那N…& .will 用 於所有的人称, I 和 we 之后可用 shall 代替 will. 在 若主句的主词为 I 或 we 时, 可以用 shall 代替 will. if 像 necessary(如果需要) ,if possible(如果可能) ,if so(如果这样)等固定片语实际上是省略了的 if 子句. If I lose my job, I will/shall go abroad. If it rains, we will stay at home. 如果我失业了,我就出国. 如果我头痛,我就服一片阿斯匹林. 如果天晴,我们就去散步. 如果天不晴,我们就不去散步. If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin. If the weather clears, we'll go for a walk.如果下雨,我们将待在家里.If the weather doesn't clear, we won't go for a walk. 通货膨胀率可能上升.如果是这样,物价就会上涨. If possible, She wants to go with us.Inflation may be rising, if (it is) so, prices will go up. 可能的话,她想跟我们一起去.Sterling may fall, if (this should be) so, interest rates will rise. 英国货币可能贬值,如果果真如此,利率就会上升. If + Present Tense ..., S + Modal Verb ... 结构∶If + 现在式,主词+情态助动词 说明∶本句型实为&If + Present Tense ..., S + will/shall + V ...&句型之变体.之所以用情态助动词,主要是因 为说话者对可能的结果不是太肯定或者是想表达例如必要的意思. If it is fine tomorrow, we can go out. If it is fine tomorrow, we could go out. If it is fine tomorrow, we may go out. If it is fine tomorrow, we might go out. If it is fine tomorrow, we should go out. If it is fine tomorrow, we ought to go out. If it is fine tomorrow, we must go out. If I should ..., Imperative Sentence. 结构∶If I+should ...+祈使语气 说明∶&If + should + V&代替&if + 现在式&,增加了条件的不确定性.本句型常用在想礼貌地提出要求或建议,或者 想圆通地告诉他人该做什N事的场合.用 should 起始句子即可不用 if 而表示条件.这种用法比较正式,常用於诸如 公函之中,而不用於日常会话. If you should see him, please give him my regards. Should you see him, please give him my regards. 如果你万一见到他,请代我向他致意. Should you happen to see him, please give him my regards. 如果你万一见到他,请代我向他致意. If you should write to her, send her my love. 你若不希望我们的代理人去造访,请告之. Should you be interested in our offer, please contact us. 你若对我们的报价感兴趣,请与我们联系. If I should ..., I will ... 结构∶If…should…,…would(will)/should(shall)等+原形动词 说明∶这是表示与未来事实相反的假设&句型&,if &子句&要用&助动词& should,译成&万一& .should 可置於&主词& 前, if 省略. 将 &主要子句&的&助动词&则视可能性做变化: 若可能性低, 则为过去式, 若可能性高, 则为现在式. should 如果你给她写信,请代我向她问候. Should you not wish our agent to call, please let us know. 如果你见到他,请代我向他致意. 如果你见到他,请代我向他致意. 如果明天天气好,我门可以出门. 如果明天天气好,我门能够出门. 如果明天天气好,我门可能出门. 如果明天天气好,我门可能出门. 如果明天天气好,我门宜於出门. 如果明天天气好,我门宜於出门. 如果明天天气好,我门必须出门.If you should happen to see him, please give him my regards.可以提前,而将 if 省略. If he should come, I would tell him the truth. If he should come, I will tell him the truth. If it should rain, our plan would be spoiled. Should the boy come again, I would throw him out. 万一他来,我会把真相告诉他. 万一他来,我一定会把真相告诉他. 要是那男孩在来,我就把他撵出去. 万一下雨,我们的计划就泡汤了.Should that be true, the contract would be canceled. 假如那是真的,合约就该取消. Should another world war break out, what would become of human beings? 万一另一次世界大战爆发,人类将会发生什N事? If I were to ..., I ... 结构∶If…were to…,…would/should 等+原形动词 说明∶这也是表示与未来状况相反的假设&句型&,与&if ... should, ...&大致相同,但&if ... were to&所表示 的可能性更低,通常用以表示&与真理相反&的&假设语气&. If the sun were to rise in the west, he would pass the exam. 要是太阳从西边出来,他就会通过考试--他不可能通过考试. If I were to be born again, I would like to be a bird. 万一太阳消失了,地球会变成什N样子? Were I to die tomorrow, what would my children do? 万一明天我死了,我的孩子们将怎N办呢? If I + V-ed, I would ... 结构∶If…+过去式动词…,主词+过去式助动词(would/should 等)+原形动词 说明∶这是与现在事实相反的假设句型.if &子句&中的&be&&动词&,不论&主词&为第几人称,一律用 were,were 可置 於主词前面,而省略 if.过去式&助动词&除用 should(用於第一人称) would(用於第二,三人称)外,还可用不分 , 人称的 could,might 和 ought to,它们与&动词&原形结合起来构成&假设语气&. If I knew his address, I could write to him. If I were free now, I might call on him. 如果你站在我的立场,你会怎N做? Were I rich enough, I would buy a sports car. If I had a car, I could take her for a drive. 如果我有望远镜,我就可以清楚地看见那颗彗星. It is time that ... 结构∶It is(high)time+(that)+主词+过去式动词 说明∶此句型意为&已经到了…的时间了& .过去式&动词&处有时亦使用&should+&动词&原形& .that &子句&也能用 to &不定词&来表示. It is time he went to bed. 该是他睡觉的时间了. 该你当班了. 该是你反省思过的时候了. It is time that you left for the duty. 如果我有足够的钱,我就买一辆赛车了. 要是我再高几寸,我会好高兴. 如果我有车, 我就带她去兜风了. How happy I would be if I were a few inches taller! If I had binoculars, I could see that comet clearly. 如果我知道他的住址,我会写信给他. 如果我有时间,我可能会去看他. 我要是再活一次,我想当一只鸟. If the sun were to disappear, what would the earth be like?If you were in my shoes (=Were you in my shoes), what would you do?It is time that you reflected upon your mistakes.It is high time he should come to our house for dinner.已经到了他该上咱家吃晚饭的时候了. It is time for somebody to teach you to behave yourself. 该是有人教你应对进退之礼仪的时候了. If I had V-ed, I would have ... 结构∶If…had+过去分词…,主词+would/should 等+have+过去分词 说明∶这是与过去事实相反的假设&句型&.if &子句&要用&过去完成式&,&主要子句&则要用过去式&助动词&(would, should,ought to,might,could)+have+过去&分词&.if &子句&中的 had 可置於&主词&前面,而省略 If. If I had seen him, I would have told him the truth. 如果我当时看见他,我会告诉他实情. I could have finished the task if I had had more time.如果当时我能有多一点时间,我就能完成这项任务. If we had known of your departure, we would have seen you off at the airport. 如果我们事先知道你要离开,我们会到机场送行. I someone had been with him, he might not have been drowned. 如果有人在他旁边,或许他就不会溺死. I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses. 若非我已经习惯了这样的回答,我可能不敢轻易相信. Had he not apologize to her, she would not have forgiven him. 她(那时)不会原谅他,若非他道了歉. Had he not saved me, I might have been drowned. Had I proposed to you, would you have married me? 我要是当年向你求婚,你会答应嫁给我吗? Had you not helped us, we should have canceled this transaction. 假如没有你的帮助,这笔生意早就告吹了. If I had V-ed, I would ... 结构∶If…had+过去分词…,主词+would/should 等+原形动词+now/today 说明∶这是&时态&不一致时的假设&句型&,亦称混合假设条件句.即:if &子句&若与过去事实相反,用&过去完成式&表 示;而&主要子句&若与现在事实相反,则用过去式&助动词&表示.此类&主要子句&句尾通常有表现在的&时间副词&,如 now,today 等. If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now. 如果他年轻时多努力一点,现在就能过得舒服些. If I had been rich ten years ago, I could buy that house today. 如果十年前我有钱,今天我就能买下那栋房子了. Had he told the truth, he wouldn't be punished now.如果他当时肯说实话,现在就不会受罪了. Had he followed the doctor's advice, he might be alive now. 当时他要是听了医生的建议,现在可能还活著. I wish ... + V-ed ... 结构∶I wish+(that)+主词+动词过去式/过去完成式(had+过去分词)… 说明∶I wish 之后以 that &子句&为&受词&时,该&子句&的&动词&一定要用&假设语气&:若&动词&用过去式,表示与现 在事实相反的愿望; 若用&过去完成式&, 则表示与过去事实相反的愿望. wish+that-&子句&& &I 的&句型&也可用 would &I rather+that-&子句&&取代.而 I hope 之后以 that &子句&做&受词&时,该&子句&用一般&时态&. I wish there were meadows and lambs. I wish I were as tall as you. I wish he could tell us. 但愿有草地与小羊. 但愿我像你一样高. 但愿他明天能来. 但愿昨天你们没有淋到雨. 我可能溺死了,若非他救了我.但愿他能告诉我们.I wish (=I would rather) he could come tomorrow. I wish you had not told the truth. If only + V-ed 结构∶If only+过去式/过去完成式I wish you had not been caught in the rain yesterday. 但愿你没有说实话. I wish I had known you ten years ago.真希望十年前就已经认识你.说明∶此句型意为&要是…就好了. &用过去式,表示与现在事实相反;若用&过去完成式&,则表示与过去事实相反. If only I had a rich father. If only he had been here. ... as if/as though ... 结构∶…as if/as though…现在式/过去式/过去完成式 说明∶此句型意为&彷佛…;好像…一样& .as if,as though 是&副词&&连接词&,引导&副词子句&.&子句&中,可用 现在式,以表示事实;也可用过去式或&过去完成式&,分别表示与现在或过去事实相反的&假设语气&. He speaks like that as if he doesn't want to attend the meeting.他那样说话,似乎不想参加会议. If only I had another chance. 要是我有个有钱的爸爸就好了. 要是我再有一次机会就好了. 要是他当时在这儿就好了.He walks as if he is drunk.他走起路来好像他真的醉了. 他感觉彷佛几乎要杀掉他们. 这个婴儿打开书本彷佛他会念书.He felt as if he almost wished to kill them.The baby opened the book as if he were able to read. 这护士照顾这位病人彷佛在照顾她爸爸似的.The nurse attends on the patient as if he were her father. He ran into the room as if he had seen something terrible. 他跑进屋子,彷佛他看到什N可怕的东西. She looks as if nothing had happened to her. It seems/looks as if ... 结构∶It seems/looks as if… 说明∶此句型意为&似乎…& .本句型中的 as if &子句&可用以表示事实,或&假设语气&. It looks as if it is going to rain. It seems as if he knows everything. 好像要下雨了. 他似乎是个万事通. 她当时看起来好像什N事都没发生似的.It seems as if he knew everything, but in reality, he is as stupid as can be. 他似乎是个万事通.其实他是再愚蠢不过了. It looks as if she had just come back from outer space. 她看起来彷佛刚从外太空回来似的. It seemed as if he had finished the work. 他似乎已经完成了这个工作. It seemed as if he would never finish the work. If it were not for ... 结构∶if it were not for+名词/子句,主词+would/should 等+原形动词… 说明∶此句型意为&若非(有)…& .此类句构专门用於表示与现在事实相反的&假设语气&.亦可用&but for+&名词&& 或&without+&名词&&代替.were 可以提前,省略 if,如例句 3. If it were not for his presence, I would punish you. 要不是他在场,我会处罚你的. 要不是音乐,人生会很无聊. But for your advice, I should have failed. 要不是你的忠告,我会失败的. But for music (=Were it not for music), life would be dull. 大气中如果没有氧和氮,人就无法生存於地球了. Without air, all living things would die. 若非空气,所有的生物都会死亡. Without newspaper, we would get behind the times. 要不是报纸,我们都赶不上时代了. I should be lonely, were it not for the birds and the flowers. 我会寂寞,若非有鸟也有花. Were it not for his help, I could not finish the work.若非有他的帮助,我就不能完成这件工作. Were it not for science, we could not live a comfortable live. 若非科学,我们无法过著舒适的生活. If it had not been for ... 结构∶if it had not been for+名词/子句,主词+would/should 等+原形动词… 说明∶此句型意为&若非(有)…& .此类句构专门用於表示与过去事实相反的&假设语气&. If it had not been for his help, I should have failed. 如果没有他的帮忙,我应该已经失败. Had it not been for your timely help, our company would have been on the verge of bankruptcy. 及时伸出援助之手,本公司将会濒临破产的边缘. If it had not been for these experiments, the improvement of the machine would have been impossible. 不是这些实验,这部机器也许就不可能改良了. Had it not been for the kind guide, I might have got lost in the mountains. 要不是这位好心的向导,我可能就在山中迷路了. If it had not been that he was here, I would have punished you. 要不是他在场,我当时就会处罚你. I demand/insist that ... 结构∶主词 1+意志动词(demand/insist 等)+(that)+主词 2+(should)+原形动词 说明∶意志&动词&有四类:建议(suggest,recommend,propose,advise,urge 等) ,要求(desire, ask,demand, 要 若非你 If it were not for oxygen and nitrogen in the air, no man could live on the earth. 他似乎永远完成不了这个工作.require,request,maintain,insist 等) ,命令(order,command 等) ,规定( rule,regulate,stipulate 等) . 其后接 that-&子句&时,该&子句&里的&动词&要用原形或&should+&动词&& .美式英语通常省略 should. The committee moved that the meeting (should) be adjourned. His parents demanded that he (should) be back by ten. The employees demand that their salaries be raised. They ruled that the law (should) not be imposed. 他的父亲规定他要用英文写日记. My mother encouraged me and insisted that I continue my education. 我妈妈鼓励我,而且坚持我应该继续我的教育. He insisted that I (should) apologize to her. 最近,许多州坚持中学应该教学生如何开车. His father insisted that they (should) move to the country. 他爸爸坚持他们应该搬到乡下. It is proper ... that ... 结构∶It is+意志形容词(important 等)+(that)+主词+(should)+原形动词 说 明 ∶ 意 志 & 形 容 词 & 包 括 important , necessary ,imperative , essential ,urgent ,desirable , advisable , recommendable,proper 等.that-&子句&中只能用&助动词& should,不可用 must,而 should 往往予以省略. It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference. 他有必要整理些资料供我参考. It is essential that he get up early. 急需将食物和衣服送给灾民. It is desirable that we (should) provide for the poor at Christmas. 在圣诞节施舍穷人是可喜的事. It is important that he be quiet. It is important that he not do it. 他该保持安静是有必要的. 他不该做那事是有必要的. 这N坏的人受重罚是应该的. 他有必要早起. It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers. 他坚持我应该向她道歉. Recently, many states have insisted that high schools teach students how to drive. 委员提议休会. 他的父母要求他十点以前回家. 员工们要求加薪.他们规定不应加重法律.His father ordered that he (should) keep a diary in English.It is requested that all members be present at the party. 全体会员都被要求出席这次晚会. It is proper that such a bad man be punished severely. Imperative Sentence + Conj. + Main Clause 结构∶祈使句+连接词+主句 说明∶&祈使句&表示须具备的条件,主句表示可能的结果.&祈使句&代替 if 子句进行评说,提出要求,订立协议,提 供建议或威胁等.&祈使句&的用法比 if 子句表示的更为紧迫. Provide the materials and we'll do the job. Put that down or else I'll smack you. 要准时来,否则你会给人一个坏的印象. Fail to pay and they'll cut off the electricity. Stop eating sweets, or you won't get any dinner. Unless ... 结构∶Unless+子句,主要子句 说明∶此句型意为&除非…& .unless 引导一个否定假设句,相当於 if ... not ...,有时可以互换使用.总体上看, unless 的语气强於 if ... not ...,而且有时较为常用,例如在最后通牒中. Unless you change your mind (=If you don't change you mind), I won't be able to help you. 除非你改变你的想法,否则我不能帮助你. Unless the management improves their offer, there'll be a strike. 除非资方做出进一步的建议,否则将举行罢工. I couldn't have got to the meeting on time - unless I had caught an earlier train. 你(如果)不付款,他们就要断电. 你如果不停止吃糖,你就不要吃饭. 提供材料,我们就做这活. Stop shouting or you'll wake up the neighbors. 不要喊了,否则你会把邻居吵醒的. 把它放下,不然我就揍你. Be there on time, otherwise you'll create a bad impression.我不可能及时赶到会场,除非我赶上了较找的一班火车. Provided/Providing (that) .... 结构∶Provided/provided(that)+子句,S+V ... 说明∶此句型意为&如果…& .Provided/Providing (that) 引导假设条件句,其功能相当於 if. Provided/Providing (that) you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow off. 如果你到今晚把手头上的工作做完,你明天就可以休息. As/So long as ... 结构∶As/So long as +子句,S+V ... 说明∶此句型意为&如果…,只要…& .As/So long as 引导一个条件假设句,其功能相当於 if. So (As) long as you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow leave. 如果你到今晚把手头上的工作做完,你明天就可以休息. As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe. 如果你开车小心,你就会很安全. You may eat anything, so long as you don't eat too much. 只要不吃得太多,你可以吃任何东西. As long as live, I will help you. 只要我活著,我都会帮助你. As long as you don't betray me, I'll do whatever you ask me to (do). 只要你不出卖我,要我做什N我都愿意. We'll ship the goods at an early time as long as there is a steamer.只要有船,我们就尽早装货. You will never be good students so long as you goof around. 如果你们成天游手好闲,就永远也成不了好学生. Suppose/Supposing (that) ... 结构∶Suppose/Supposing (that)+子句,S+V ... 说明∶此句型意为&如果…,假使…& .Suppose/Supposing (that) 引导假设条件句,其功能相当於 if. Suppose/Supposing (that) we miss the train, what shall we do? 如果我们误了火车,我们将怎N办? What if/Say ... 结构∶What if/Say+子句,S+V ... 说明∶此句型意为&假设…& .What if 和 Say 用来引导一个假设条件句,其义相当於 Let us suppose(让我们假设) . What if/Say he goes home before us and can't get in? What will he do then? 假设他在我们之前赶到家而又进不去呢?那他怎N办呢? What if/Say you were to run out of money? What would you do? 假设你的钱用完了呢?你将怎N办呢? With luck ... 结构∶With luck,+主要子句 说明∶With luck 为含蓄假设条件句(即不用 if 直接引导) .with luck 意为&如果幸运的话,如果运气好的话& . With luck, we'll be there by tomorrow.幸运的话,我们明天将到达那儿. (=If we are lucky) With luck, she will get the job. 如果幸运的话,她将得到那份工作. (=If she is lucky) Given time ... 结构∶Given time,+主要子句 说明∶此为含蓄假设条件句(即不用 if 直接引导) .Given time 意为& (如果)给以时间的话& . Given time, they will probably agree.给以时间的话,他们可能会同意. (=If they are given time/If we give them time) To hear him talk, ... 结构∶To hear him talk,+主要子句 说明∶此句型意为&听某人谈话(的口气)…& .从形式上看,To hear him talk 似为不定式片语,但实则为含蓄条件 句(即不用 if 直接引导) .To hear him talk 相当於 If you could hear him talk. To hear him talk, you'd think he was Prime Minister. 听他谈话(那口气) ,你会以为他是首相呢. To hear you talk, I'd think you were Prime Minister.听你谈话(那口气) ,我还以为你是首相呢. Without ..., S + V ... 结构∶Without …,+主要子句 说明∶此句型意为&如果没有…& ,是导致主要子句结果发生的必要条件.Without ... 为含蓄假设条件句,此用法在口 语表达中最为常见.without 意为& (如果)没有…的话& .Without 既可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾,放在句首有强 调作用.此外,如果主要子句用否定式,则和 without 构成双重否定,表示特别强调 without 之后项为主要子句动作 发生之必备条件. Without your help, I couldn't have done it. (如果)没有你的帮助,我是不会做成的. (=If you hadn't helped me) She can't solve the problem without his help.如果)没有他的帮助,她不可能解决这道题. We can't live without air or water.(如果)没有空气或水,我们就无法生存. Fish cannot live without water.(如果)没有水,鱼儿就无法生存. 比较句型 as/so ... as ... 结构∶as/so+形容词或副词原级+as… 说明∶此句型意为&…和…一样…& .比较两件东西,并表示它们的程度一样.第一个 as 为&副词&,第二个 as 则为& 副词&&连接词&,引导&副词子句&,修饰第一个 as.在 as…as 中可插入单数&可数名词&,即: &as+&形容词&+a/an +&名词&+as& .若是复数&名词&,可用&as many/few+复数 &名词&+as& ;若是&不可数名词&,则用&as much/little +&不可数名词&+as&&as+原级(形,副)+as+原级(形,副) . &这形式表示有关同一人(物)的两种不同的性质, 状态是一样程度的,译作&既有…且还有…& . He is as handsome as his brother (is). 他和他哥哥一样英俊. 朱迪像莎拉一样时常去看电影. Judy goes to the movies as often as Sara does.Old John goes to sleep as easily as a baby does. 老约翰像婴儿一样容易入睡. The girls are as busy with their work as bees. 这些女孩子就跟蜜蜂一样忙著工作. He is as nice a boy as Peter (is). He has as much money as John (does). He is as clever as (he is) handsome. as many/much ... 结构∶as many/much+名词… 说明∶此句型意为&同数(量)的…;一样多& .本&片语&旨在用以代替句中前面已提到的相同数字,以避免该数字的重 复. He was tired enough to make ten errors in as many (=in ten) pages. 他疲倦得十页中犯了十个错误. Mike read five books in as many (=in five) months. 没想到(老实的)他居然在三天内犯了三次抢劫罪. as many/much as ... 结构∶as many/much as+数字+复数名词/不可数名词 说明∶此句型意为&多达…& .不要与&as many/much+&名词&& (同数量的…)混淆.同理,此类&片语&还有:as long as+数字+&名词&(长达…) ,as wide as+数字+&名词&(宽达…) as high as+数字+&名词&(高达…) , ,as early as+数字+&名词&(早在…) ,as late as+数字+&名词&(迟在…)等. She has as many as seven sisters. 她的姊妹有七人之多. 我给了这乞丐整整一千元. 建筑费用涨到高达新台币两千万. As many as 100 people were killed in the air crash. 这次空难中多达一百人丧生. I gave the beggar as much as 1,000 yen. Building costs ran up to as much as NT$ 20 million. He came home as late as two in the morning. 麦克在五个月内看了五本书. I didn't expect that he should have committed three robberies in as many days. 他和彼得一样都是好男孩. 她和玛丽一样有许多朋友. 他和约翰一样有很多钱. 他不但英俊而且聪明. 我的老师不但善良而且聪慧. She has as many friends as Mary (does).My teacher is as kind as (she is) intelligent.I have been learning English (for) as long as 15 years. 我学英文已有十五年之久. 他迟至清晨两点才回家.I saw your brother as late as last week. 上个礼拜我还看到你哥哥. The river is as wide as 100 meters. A is as much + N + as B is 结构∶主词+be+as+much+名词+as+(be)+主词 说明∶此句型意为&…和…同样…&&as much+&名词&+as+(be)+&主词&&的 be 通常省略或放句末. . Comets are just as much members of the sun's family as (are) the other planets. 彗星和其他的行星同样是太阳家族的成员. To eat too much is as much a bad thing as to eat nothing.吃太多和什N都不吃同样是坏事. He is as much a member of the orchestra as Tom. 他和汤姆同样是管弦乐队的成员. not as/so + ADJ/ADV + as + N 结构∶not as/so+形容词/副词+as+名词 说明∶此句型意为&不像…那样…& .as…as 可用於肯定句或&否定句&,而 so…as 仅可用於&否定句&构中. It is not as (so) popular as other foods. 它不像其他食物那样受欢迎. He does not study as (so) hard as John. 他不像约翰那样用功. I am not as (so) careful as Tom. 我不像汤姆那样细心. as far as ... 结构∶as far as+名词 说明∶此句型意为&到…之远;到…的程度& .而&as far as+&主词&+&动词&&则表示&只要…,在…范围内的话…& . Swallows from England go as far as South Africa. 英国来的燕子飞到南非那样远的地方. We walked as far as the railroad station. 我们走到火车站那样远的地方. We drove as far south as Kaohsiung. 他远至横滨去迎接由英国来的朋友. I swam as far as I could. ... just as ... as ... 结构∶主词+动词+just as+形容词/副词+as+(代)名词/动名词 说明∶此句型意为&…就像…一样…& .第一个 as 是&同样的;一样的& ,第二个 as 是&像&之意.若&主词&之后不 是 be &动词&,则 as 之后不用&形容词&,而要用&副词&. Being a good pedestrian is just as important as being a good driver. 做一个好的行人就像做一个好的司机一样重要. Writing is just as important as reading. ... as ... as one can 结构∶…as+形容词/副词/名词+as one can 说明∶此句型意为&尽可能…&&as ... as one can&相当於&as ... as possible& . .one 要随&主词&的人称而变化, 而 can 要随&时态&变化. To speak English fluently, you had better read as many English articles as you can. 要想把英文讲得很流利,你最好尽量多看英文文章. Take as much exercise as you can. Be as careful as you can. 尽可能多做运动. 尽可能小心. 写作就像阅读一样重要. He wrote just as carefully as Tom. 他就像汤姆一样小心地写. 我尽可能地游远. 我们往南开车一直到高雄. He went as far as Yokohama to meet his friend from England. 这条河宽达一百公尺. 我早在星期五就把信寄了. I mailed the letter as early as Friday.Our teacher explained the lesson to us as clearly as he could. 我们的老师尽可能清楚地为我们解释这一课. She needed to soften her request to make it as polite and courteous as she could. 她需要使请求语气柔婉,以便尽可能把它变成有礼貌与客气. You should be as careful as you can in making friends. 在交朋友方面,你应该尽可能小心. We had better learn by heart as many sentence patterns as we can. 我们最好尽可能多背句型.I looked down the road as far as I could. 我尽可能遥望这条路. I will try to save as much as I can. You should remain as quiet as you can. ... as ... as ... can be 结构∶主词+be 动词+as+形容词+as+(形容词)+can be 说明∶此句型意为&极…,不亚於任何人…& .此&句型&借重复同一个&形容词&而成为强调此&形容词&的说法.常用的此 类&片语&有:as plain as plain can be(再明白不过了) ,as wise as wise can be(再聪明不过了) ,as white as white can be(白得不能再白了) ,as wrong as wrong can be(错得太离谱)等. His failure is as plain as plain can be. He is as handsome as (handsome) can be. She is as kind as can be. Mary is as hardworking as can be. 他的失败是再明白不过了. 他潇洒极了. 我会设法尽可能多储蓄. 你应尽可能地保持沈默.她极为和颜悦色. 玛丽在班上之用功不输任何人.He may not be so clever as Peter, but he is as industrious as can be. 他也许不如彼得聪明,但却用功极了. as ... as ever 结构∶as+形容词/副词+as ever 说明∶此句型意为&与往常一样…& . He seems to be as busy as ever. 他似乎和往常一样忙碌. 过了那N多年,她美丽如故. He works as hard as ever. 他和往常一样努力工作. She was as beautiful as ever after so many years. ... times as ... as ... 结构∶倍数词+as+形容词/副词+as… 说明∶此句型意为&是…的几倍&&两倍&是 twice,而三倍以上的&倍& . ,通常用 times. An ordinary subway train, approaching the station, can be twice as loud as the loudest jet. 平常的地下火车接近车站时,发出的声音可能是最大声的喷射机的两倍. This line is four times as long as that one. I am twice as old as he. 我的年纪是他的两倍. 她用功的程度是我的三倍. 他比往常多赚二倍的钱. 她花掉的钱只有你花掉的一半. She studies three times as hard as I. He earns twice as much as he used to. She spent half as much money as you. ... times the/my N ... 结构∶…倍数词+the(或所有格)+名词 说明∶此句型意为&是…的几倍& .&倍数词&与&名词&之间一定有 the 或&所有格&.有时可改为&&倍数词&+as+&形容 词&& .三倍以上的&倍& ,通常用&times& .而&more than+&倍数词&+the(或&所有格&)+&名词&&译为&是…的几 倍还不止& . It was over twice the distance of the earth from the sun. 那是地球到太阳的距离的两倍多. Line A is four times the length of line B. 线条 A 是线条 B 的四倍长. I have five times the number of Tom's books. He has three times my money. He has more than three times my money. 我有五倍於汤姆的书. 他的钱是我的三倍. 他的钱是我的三倍还不止. 这条河的长度是淡水河的十倍. 这条线是那条线的四倍长.The river is ten times the length of the Tamsui River. 荷兰的居民是纽约州的三分之二,而纽约州却是荷兰的四倍大. more than ... as ... as 结构∶more than+倍数词+as+形容词/副词+asHolland has two-thirds the inhabitants of the state of New York, which is four times the size of Holland.说明∶此句型意为&是…的几倍还不止&&两倍&是 twice,而三倍以上的&倍& . ,通常用 times. He is more than three times as rich as I. (=He is three times richer than I.) 他的财富是我的三倍还不止. He studies more than three times as hard as I. 他用功的程度是我的三倍还不止.I am more than twice as old as he. 我的年龄是他的两倍还不止. He has collected more than three times as many stamps as I (have). 他搜集的邮票是我的三倍还不止. ... times ...er than ... 结构∶倍数词+形容词或副词比较级+than… 说明∶此句型意为&比…大几倍&&两倍&是 twice,而三倍以上的&倍& . ,通常用 times. We now know that X-ray waves are 2,000 to 10,000 times shorter than light waves. 我们现在知道X光波比光波短二千到一万倍. This street is four times shorter than that one. 这只母象比小象重一百倍. It is ten times louder than another. I am twice older than he. not so adj. as adj. 结构∶not so+形容词/副词+as+形容词/副词 说明∶此句型意为&与其说是…倒不如说是…& .相当於&&形容词&/&副词&+rather than+&形容词&/&副词&& . She is not so beautiful as charming. (=She is charming rather than beautiful.) 与其说她美倒不如说她迷人. He is not so clever as diligent. She is not so kind as simple. not so much + N as + N 结构∶not so much+名词+as+名词 说明∶此句型意为&与其说是…倒不如说是…& .相当於&&名词&+rather than+&名词&& . He is not so much a writer as a scholar. 与其说他是作家倒不如说他是学者. 他的努力胜於天份. 阿波罗计 He is not so much a genius as a hard worker. 划与其说是一项科学成果,不如说是一项技术成就. not so much ... as ... 结构∶not so much+介系词片语/不定词片语+as+介系词片语/不定词片语 说明∶此句型意为 &与其说是…倒不如说是…& 相当於 . &&介系词片语&/&不定词片语&+rather than+ &介系词片语&/& 不定词片语&& . Happiness hinges not so much on wealth as on health. 快乐与其说在於财富倒不如说在於健康. One's greatness lies not so much in his wealth as in his character. 一个人的伟大与其说是由他的财富来判断,倒不如说是由他的品德来判断. Success lies not so much as in luck as in hard work. 与其说成功在於运气不如说是辛勤努力. I lay down not so much to sleep as to think.我躺下来与其说是要睡觉,倒不如说是要思考. It is not so helpful to give someone some bread as to teach him how to make a living. 与其说给人面包很有帮助,倒不如说教导他如何谋生才重要. Our success was attributed not so much to your help as to our cooperation. 我们的成功与其归功於您的帮忙,不如归功於我们的合作. The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning. 学校教育的最大用处,与其说是教你事物,不如说是教你学习的方法. The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. (=The oceans do not divide the world so much as unite it.) 与其说是海洋分割这个世界,不如说是统一这个世界. not so much as ... 结构∶not so much as ... 与其说他聪明倒不如说他勤奋. 与其说她善良不如说她单纯. 它比另外一个的声音大十倍. 这条街比那条街宽三倍. This street is three times wider than that one. 我的年纪比他大两倍. 这条街道比那条短四倍. The mother elephant is one hundred times heavier than the baby elephant.The Apollo program was not so much a scientific achievement as a technical accomplishment.说明∶此句型意为&甚至都不…& .相当於&not even ...& .本&片语&使用时,要置於&助动词&之后,即: cannot so much as+原形&动词&(甚至…都不能) ,do not so much as+原形&动词&(甚至…都不) ,have not so much as+过去&分词& (甚至…都没有) . He cannot so much as write his own name. (=He cannot even write his own name.) 他甚至连自己的名字都不会写. He did not so much as thank me. 他甚至都没谢我. 他蠢得甚至连吃饭都不会. He is so stupid that he can't so much as eat. 玛丽进门时,连看我一眼都没有,真令人生气. the more ..., the more ... 结构∶the+比较级…,the+比较级… 说明∶此句型意为&愈…,就愈…& .若句中的&主词&为一般&名词&,而非&代名词&(he,it,you,they)或&专有名词& (John,Mary) ,且后面的&动词&为 be &动词&时,该 be &动词&可省略. The more you soften a request, the more polite it becomes. 你愈使请求柔婉,请求就愈变为客气. The longer you stay here, the more you will like the place. 你在这里待得愈久,你愈会喜欢这个地方. The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你愈小心,你犯错就会愈少. The more I learn, the less I feel I know. 学而后知不足. The closer you stay to nature, the more you will appreciate her beauty. 你愈接近大自然,就愈能了解它的美. The more leisure he has, the less he stays at home. The better the boy (is), the more I like him. 天气愈冷,我的生活就愈舒服. The bigger the house (is), the more money it will cost. The more haste, the less speed. The more noble the more humble. More profit and less honor. The sooner the better. 欲速则不达. 结实愈丰者,其穗愈低. 房子愈大愈值钱. 愈是有空,他愈不肯待在家里. 这男孩愈好我愈喜欢他.When Mary walked in, she didn't so much as take a glance at me, which angered me.The colder the weather (is), the more comfortable my life (will be).舍名逐利. 拥有愈多,欲望愈高. 铁不炼不成钢,玉不琢不成器.事不宜迟.The more you have, the more you want. more and more ... 结构∶比较级+and+比较级 说明∶此句型意为&愈来愈…& .The more you beat iron the harder it grows.The noise of traffic grows louder and louder. It is getting hotter and hotter. You should study harder and harder.交通的噪音变得愈来愈大.天气愈来愈热. 你应该更用功念书. 这女孩变得愈来愈漂亮了.The girl became more and more beautiful.With the rapid economical development, China's position on the international stage is getting more and more important.随著经济迅速发展,中国在国际舞台上的地位变得愈来愈重要了. ... more ... than ... 结构∶主词+be 动词+more…than… 说明∶此句型意为&…是…而不是…& .在&…&的位置,可以用&名词&,&形容词&,或带有形容词性的&分词&. You may also find that reading has become more fun than work! 你或许也会发现阅读已经变成是有趣的事,而不是工作. It is more a made-up story than a real occurrence.那是杜撰的故事,而不是真实发生的事情. I was more disappointed than discouraged. 我是失望,而不是泄气.He seems more like a military officer than a business executive. 他似乎比较像一个军官,而不像一个商业行政主管. He is more a sprinter than a swimmer. 他是短跑健将,而不是游泳选手. I am more frightened than hurt. 我吓坏了而没有受伤. Sue is more beautiful than Jane. 苏比珍较美. The computer is more expensive than the typewriter. 这部电脑比这部打字机更贵. People in the country are happier than people in the city.乡下的人们比城市的人们更快乐. N1 more ... than N2 结构∶名词 1+比较级+than+名词 2 说明∶此句型意为&比…更为…的…& . People have to live on something more nourishing than hope. 人们必须依赖比希望更滋养的东西来过活. I have never seen a girl more beautiful than Mary. 我从未见过比玛丽更为美丽的女孩子. I want some persons more experienced than Tom. 我要一些比汤姆更有经验的人. more N than + ADJ/V-ed 结构∶比较级+名词+than+(be 动词)+形容词/过去分词 说明∶此句型意为&比…来得更多的…& .be &动词&通常省略. Some people give higher priced gifts than necessary for the situation. 有些人给了比情况所必要来得更高价的礼物. I did more work than required. 我做了比所被要求的来得更多的工作. We were given more money than necessary for the project. 我们被给了比计划所要求来得更多的钱. It is better to V1 than V2 结构∶It is+比较级+to+原形动词 1…than+(to)+原形动词 2… 说明∶此句型意为&…比…更…& .than 之后的 to 可以省略. It is better to laugh than (to) weep. 躺在草坪上比坐在办公室里舒服. It is harder to teach than (to) study. make ... more ... of ... 结构∶主词+make+受词+more+形容词+of… 说明∶此句型意为&…使…更加…& .根据不同的情况,句子可以有不同&时态&. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight. 他们突然的攻击使我们更加注意我们周围的危险. Your encouragement made me more confident of my future. 你的鼓励使我对我的未来更加有信心. all the more for ... 结构∶all the+比较级+for+名词 说明∶此句型意为&即使…却更加…;因为…反而更加…& .for 为&介系词&,之后接&名词&为其&受词&.也可写成&all the+比较级+because-子句& .because 为&副词&&连接词&,之后接&主词&+&动词&,引导&副词子句&. You will enjoy stories all the more for having understood the characters in them. 你会因为已经了解小说中的角色,而更加喜欢小说. I love her all the better for her poverty (=because she is poor). 因为她穷,我反而更喜欢她. I like the book all the more for its beautiful illustrations. 我因为精美的插图而更加喜欢这本书. He studied all the harder because he had failed (=for his failure). 因为他失败了,他反而更用功念书了. She is all the more beautiful for her shabby clothing (=because her clothing is shabby). 即使她衣衫褴褛,却显得更美丽了. 黑暗会使他更加珍惜视力. Their sudden attack made us more aware of the danger around us. 教书比读书辛苦. 笑比哭好. It is more comfortable to lie on a lawn than (to) sit in the office.I respect him all the more because he has faults. none the ...er for ... 结构∶none the+比较级+for+名词因为他有缺点,我反而更尊敬他.I like Kyoto all the better for its many narrow streets. 正因为小道多,我反而更喜欢京都.说明∶此句型意为&即使…却一点也不…& .相当於&none the+比较级+because-子句& .for 为&介系词&,之后接&名 词&为其&受词&;because 则为&副词&&连接词&,之后接&主词&+&动词&,引导&副词子句&. His health is none the better for his exercise (=because he takes exercise). 即使他运动,他的健康状况却一点也不好. She is none the more beautiful because she wears a fancy dress. 即使她身穿时髦洋装,却一点也不漂亮. He is none the happier for his great wealth. 他虽然读了不少书,可是并未因此而聪明些. none the less ... for ... 结构∶none the less+形容词/副词+for+名词 说明∶此句型意为&即使…却仍然& .相当於&none the less+形容词/副词+because-子句& .none the less 为&副 词&,译成&仍然& ,可修饰&动词&,&形容词&或&副词&;修饰&动词&时,置於该&动词&之后;修饰&形容词&时,置於该& 形容词&之前;修饰&副词&时,置於该&副词&之前. I love him none the less because he is poor. 即使他穷,我还是爱他. 即使她衣衫褴褛,却仍然美丽. 即使他失败了,却仍然用功念书. She is none the less beautiful for her shabby clothing. He studied none the less hard because he had failed. ... no more ... than ... 结构∶A+动词+no more+B+than+C+动词+D 说明∶此句型意为&A 不是 B 正如 C 不是 D&&no more ... than&等於&not ... any more than& . .若 than 之后的 词类与前面的词类相同,可以省略;若不同,则不可省略. A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 鲸鱼不是鱼正如马不是鱼一样. A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man. 没有爱的家不是家,就如同没有灵魂的身体不是人一样. He is no more able to speak English than I am (able to speak English). 和我不会说英语一样,他也不会说英语. He is no more considerate of others than his brother is. 他不体谅别人,就跟他弟弟一样. He can no more sing than I can dance. 他不会唱歌正如我不会跳舞一样. We can no more live without sleep than (we can) without water. 我们没有睡眠不能活,正如我们没有水就不能活一样. I am no more out of my mind than you are (out of your mind). 你我两人都没有疯狂. Tom was no more surprised than (he was) disappointed at this news. 汤姆听见那消息既不惊讶也不失望. He is no better (no more good) at English than I am. ... no less ... than ... 结构∶A+动词+no less+B+than+C+动词+D 说明∶此句型意为&A 是 B 和 C 是 D 一样&&no less ... than&等於&as ... as& . ,no less 之后可置&副词&或 & 形容词&修饰. A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is. He is no less clever than his elder brother. She is no less good at swimming than Mary. 他的双亲对他订婚的高兴并不亚於他自己. He studies no less hard than John. 他和约翰一样用功. Associating with good friends is no less important to us than choosing good books. 鲸鱼和马一样都是哺乳动物. 他和他的大哥一样聪明. 她和玛丽一样擅长游泳. 他的英文不好,就像我一样. 即使他有钱,却一点也不快乐. He is none the wiser because he has read many books.His parents are no less happy over his engagement than he is (happy over his engagement).交益友与选择好书对我们同样重要. A good shirt is no less expensive than a jacket.一件好衬衫的昂贵程度并不比一件夹克衫差. Sports wears, no less than suits, are very much saleable.运动服和西服套一样,非常畅销. not more ... than ... 结构∶not more…than… 说明∶此句型意为&没有比…更多;最多只是和…一样& .等於&at best as ... as& . She is not more beautiful than Mary. He is not more handsome than I. not less ... than 结构∶not less ... than 说明∶此句型意为&没有比…更少;至少与…一样& .等於&at least as ... as& . She is not less beautiful than Mary. He is not less handsome than I. no more than ... 结构∶no more than+名词 说明∶此句型意为&仅仅…& .等於&only+&名词&& ,强调稀少. It will take no more than five days to read the book. 不到五天,我就会把这本书读完. It is no more than ten minutes' walk from the station. 由车站走到这里只有十分钟的路程. I had no more than 2 or 3 mistakes on my English assignment. 我的英文作业中只有两三处错误. no less than ... 结构∶no less than+名词 说明∶此句型意为&多达…;足足有…之多& .等於&as many/much as ...& ,强调多. I received no less than ten thousand yen for my work. The audience was no less than five thousand. 那间旅馆的住宿费大约要 20 元一晚呢. No less than ten students flunked the exam. not more than ... 结构∶not more than+名词 说明∶此句型意为&最多不超过…& .等於&at most+&数词&+&名词&& . It is not more than ten minutes' walk from the station. 由车站走到这里最多十分钟的路程. I'll stay here not more than three days. 我将待在这里最多不超过三天. For safety's sake, don't drive more than 30 kilometers per hour in the city. 为了安全起见,在市内开车时速不要超过三十公里. not less than ... 结构∶not less than+名词 说明∶此句型意为&至少…& .等於&at least+&数词&+&名词&& . The audience was not less than five thousand. I'll stay here not less than three days. than six days. at best + N 结构∶at best+名词 说明∶此句型意为&充其量…;只不过是…& .等於&nothing but ...& . Don' he is at best a student. 不要对他期望过高;他只不过是个学生. She is at best a second-rate singer. 她充其量是个二流歌手. 听众至少也有五千人. 我将待在这里至少三天. 整整有十位学生在这次考试中不及格. 我的工资多达一万元. 听众有五千人之多. 她至少和玛丽一样美丽. He is not less interested in composing music than Jane. 他至少跟珍一样对谱曲很感兴趣. 他至少跟我一样潇洒. 她不比玛丽美丽--顶多只是和玛丽一样美. 我不像他那样惊讶. I was not more surprised than he (was).他不比我潇洒--顶多跟我一样潇洒.That hotel probably costs no less than 20 dollars a night.Though they think it takes no more than three days to fulfill the mission, I believe it takes not less 虽然他们认为完成这任务只需三天,但我却认为至少需要六天.Don' he is at best a child. much more /much less ... 结构∶much more/much less…不要太责骂他;他只不过是个孩子.说明∶此句型意为&更不用说…&&much more ...&等於&let alone ...&或&still more ...& . ,只用於肯定句; &much less ...&等於&still less ...& ,只用於&否定句&. She can speak English, much more/let alone/still more write it. 她会说英语,更不用说写英文了. She cannot speak English, much less/still less write it. 你有处理自己财产的权利,更有支配自己思想的权利. I enjoy singing, much more listening to music. 她连生活必需品都不能买,更不用说奢侈品. He can hardly run a mile, much less the marathon. 他连一哩都跑不了,更不用说马拉松了. That father can't discipline himself, much less set a good example for his children to follow. 那位父亲不能以身作则,更不用说做孩子的榜样了. ... more than any other N 结构∶比较级+than+any other+单数名词 说明∶此句型意为&比其他任何…都还…& .这是用&比较级&来表示&最高级&的同范围比较&句型&.也可用&&比较级&+ than+all the other+复数&名词&&来表示. John is more diligent than any other student in his class. 约翰比班上其他的同学用功. Baseball is more popular than any other sport in Japan. 在日本,棒球比其他任何运动都受人欢迎. Autumn is better for reading than any other season. ... more than anyone else 结构∶比较级+than+anyone else/anything else 说明∶此句型意为&比其他任何…都还…& .这是用&比较级&来表示&最高级&的同范围比较&句型&.anyone else 指人; anything else 指物. John is more diligent than anyone else in his class. Time is more precious than anything else in the world. 约翰比班上其他的同学用功. 时间比世上任何东西都宝贵. 秋天比任何季节都适合读书. Mt. Jade is higher than any other mountain in Taiwan. 玉山要比台湾的任何山都高. 约翰比班上其他的同学用功. John is more diligent than all the other students in his class. 我喜欢唱歌,更不用说听音乐了. She cannot buy daily necessities, much less luxuries. 她不会说英语,更不用说写英文了. You have a right to your property, much more to your ideas.Mary is more beautiful than anyone else in her company. 玛丽在公司里比其他人都漂亮. We pay less attention to time than to anything else.我们对时间的不重视超过其他任何事物. nothing is ...er than ... 结构∶nothing(或 no+名词)+动词+比较级+than… 说明∶此句型意为&没有如此…者& .这是用&比较级&来表示&最高级&的&句型&. Nothing is more valuable than time, but nothing is less valued. 没有比时间更贵重的东西,但也没有比它更受轻视的东西. No place is better than one's home. 没有一件事比待在家里听音乐更愉快的了. Nothing gives him more pleasure than helping someone in trouble. 没有一件事要比帮助陷入困境的人带给他更大的快乐. There is nothing to which we pay less attention than time and air. 我们对时间和空气的不重视超过其他任何事物. ... nothing more than N 结构∶主词+动词+nothing more than+名词 没有任何地方比得上自己的家. Nothing is more pleasant than staying home listening to music.说明∶此句型意为&…只不过…&&nothing more than&等於&nothing but& . . Others are dismissed as nothing more than entertainment. 有些只不过是被当做娱乐而不予考虑. It is nothing more than a made-up story. 她希望被对待得只不过像一般的女孩子. ...er than ever 结构∶…+比较级+than ever 说明∶此句型意为&比以前更…& .than ever 等於 than ever before,意为&比以前任何时候…& . There it was, ticking away, louder than ever. You should be more careful than ever. Does she spend more money than ever? better ... than ... 结构∶better+…+than+被比对象 说明∶此句型意为&宁可…;最好还是…& .better 之后可接&形容词&,&副词&,&名词&,&动词&等. Please try to attend the meeting. Better late than absent.请您尽量参加会议.迟来也比不来强. Better to postpone the shipment than to cancel the contract. Better reduce the price than allow a discount. with no N is it ...er than 结构∶... and with no+名词 1+is it+比较级+than+with+名词 2 说明∶此句型意为&…这种情形没有一种…比…更为…& .此种结构,由於有 no,所以用 is it 的倒装句型. It is unreasonable to regard any language as the possession of a particular nation, and with no language is it more unreasonable than with English. 有一种语言比英语更为不合理. It is bad to get ill, and with no disease is it worse than with cancer. 生病是糟糕的,而这种情形没有一种疾病比癌症更为糟糕. It is pleasant to chat with friends, and with no chat is it more pleasant than with close friends. 和朋友聊天是愉快的,而这种情形没有比和知己的朋友聊天更为愉快. Who is the most ... 结构∶Who is the+最高级…? 说明∶此句型意为&谁最…?& .此句型中若将 who 改为 which,即用来询问一组事物中最具某种特色的,如例句 4. Who is the oldest of them? Who is the youngest here? the ...est ... not ... 结构∶最高级+…not… 说明∶&最高级&词类与 not 并用时,有&甚至…都不…&的意味. The most foolish man knows his own name. 再笨的人都知道自己的名字. 再漂亮的花也比不上她的美丽. The loveliest flower cannot beat her beauty. 再伟大的学者也没有办法解答这个难题吧. The richest man in the world cannot buy everything. 即使是世上最富有的人,也无法买到一切. There is not the smallest chance of his escape. 就连最厚的夹克也不足以御寒. The strongest man (that) you can think of cannot tear the log apart with bare hands. 就连你所能想到的最壮的人也不能光用手就将木头撕裂. 他一点逃走的机会也没有. Not even the thickest jacket was enough to keep out the cold. 他们之中谁的年纪最大? 这里谁是最年轻的? 哪个科目对你来说最有趣? Who is the most beautiful in their family? 谁是他们家里最美丽的人? Which is the most interesting subject for you? 把某一种语言视为某一特定的国家所拥有是不合理的,而这种情形没 与其撤约还不如延期装运. 与其给折扣,不如减价. 它就在那里,滴答地走著,比以前更大声. 你应该比以前更小心. 她比以前花更多的钱吗? 它只不过是杜撰的故事而已. She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a common girl.The greatest scholar cannot solve this difficult problem.the ...est ... that V-ed 结构∶the+最高级…+(that)+完成式 说明∶此句型意为&最…& .that 是&关系代名词&;&完成式&中习惯使用&副词& ever 强调. That's the best book that I have ever read. 那是我读过的最好的书. 那是我遇到的最美好的事. 他是我所知道的最用功的学生. That's the nicest thing that has ever happened to me. He is the most diligent student that I have ever known. of all the N, the ...est 结构∶of+the three/the four/all the+复数名词,+最高级子句 说明∶此句型意为&在…中,…最…& .但须注意: &of the two+复数&名词&+&比较级&&子句&& ,表示&两者中…较…& , 如例句 7.&最高级&&子句&也可置於句首. Of the three students, he is the best. 三个学生中,他是最好的. 珍是班中最好的学生. Jane is the best of all the students in her class.That's the worst performance (that) I have ever seen. 那是我所看过的最糟的一次表演.Jane is the best of the three (students). 珍是三个学生中最好的一个. Of all the high mountains, Mt. Jade is the highest. 在所有高山当中,玉山为最高. Of all the four seasons, summer is the hottest. 在所有四季当中,夏天最热. Of all the girls, she is the most beautiful. A is the ...est