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& 产品供应：工业混合粗甘油
【产品供应】 工业混合粗甘油
公司名称：
南京长江江宇油脂有限公司
发布日期：
有效期限：
中文别名：
;丙三醇;三羟基丙烷;毛甘油;
英文名称：
英文别名：
;1,2,3-1,2,3-TD-GGL-PPGpropane-1,1,1-
EINECS号：
InChI=1/C3H8O3/c1-2-3(4,5)6/h4-6H,2H2,1H3
1.303g/cm3
98.3°C at 760 mmHg
>500 g/L (20℃)
物化性质：
性状 无色、透明、无臭、粘稠液体，味甜，具有吸湿性。 溶解性 与水和乙醇混溶，水溶液为中性。溶于11倍的乙酸乙酯，约500倍的乙醚。不溶于苯、氯仿、四氯化碳、二硫化碳、石油醚、油类。
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化工商业和贸易数据库甘油、氢气与尿素合成碳酸丙烯酯反应研究--《河北工业大学》2014年硕士论文
甘油、氢气与尿素合成碳酸丙烯酯反应研究
【摘要】：在生物柴油生产过程中会生成大量甘油副产物，合理利用这些甘油将有助于增加生物柴油产业的经济效益。本文以生物质甘油为起始原料，对甘油氢解与尿素醇解反应过程集成进行研究，从而实现以甘油、氢气与尿素直接合成碳酸丙烯酯（PC）反应。
首先，在固定床反应器上对尿素醇解反应（以尿素和1,2-丙二醇（PG）为原料）进行了研究。采用共沉淀法制备了Zn-Al氧化物催化剂，考察了制备条件对其催化性能的影响。适宜的制备条件为：以硝酸锌和硝酸铝为锌源和铝源（n(Zn2+):n(Al3+)=3），以氢氧化钠和碳酸钠为沉淀剂（n(OH-):n(CO32-)=16），采用并流法，沉淀过程中控制pH值为9.5，老化温度40℃，焙烧温度500℃，焙烧时间4h。结合催化剂表征和性能评价结果可知，催化剂的比表面是影响其催化性能的主要因素。采用适宜条件制备的Zn-Al氧化物为催化剂，考察了反应条件对PC合成反应的影响。确定适宜的反应条件为：PG与尿素的摩尔比6:1，Zn-Al氧化物催化剂用量3mL，反应温度140℃，液空速0.8h-1。此时，PC的收率达到最大值，为87.4%。Zn-Al氧化物催化剂在尿素醇解合成PC反应中表现出良好的稳定性，直至反应运行至60h，PC的收率仍在86%左右。
其次，在固定床反应器常压条件下对甘油氢解反应进行了研究。在Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂用量3mL、纯甘油为原料、反应温度190℃、氢气与甘油摩尔比100:1和甘油液空速0.2h-1条件下，甘油的转化率为100%，PG的收率最高可达92.9%。直至反应运行至36h，PG的收率仍然在85%以上，说明Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂对甘油氢解反应表现出较高的催化活性和稳定性。
最后，以Cu/γ-Al2O3和Zn-Al氧化物为催化剂，采用两段固定床反应器，实现了甘油氢解与尿素醇解的反应过程集成。得到适宜反应条件为：纯甘油为原料，常压，甘油氢解段反应温度190℃，尿素醇解段反应温度150℃，氢气与甘油摩尔比60:1，尿素和甘油摩尔比1:3，尿素的进料浓度为0.1g/(mLDMF)，甘油液空速0.2h-1。在此条件下，甘油的转化率为100%，PG的收率为81.2%，PC的收率为16.3%，基于单独进行甘油氢解反应生成PG的量计算，PC的选择性为60.5%。采用GC-MS对集成反应体系进行了定性分析，并推测了反应体系中可能存在的副反应以及反应集成的反应机理。
【关键词】：
【学位授予单位】：河北工业大学【学位级别】：硕士【学位授予年份】：2014【分类号】：TQ225.24【目录】：
摘要5-6英文摘要6-11第一章 绪论11-27 1.1 前言11-12 1.2 甘油氢解合成PG反应的研究进展12-22
1.2.1 贵金属催化剂12-14
1.2.2 镍基催化剂14-15
1.2.3 钴基催化剂15-16
1.2.4 铜基催化剂16-22 1.3 尿素与PG合成PC反应的研究进展22-26
1.3.1 有机锡类催化剂22
1.3.2 单金属氧化物催化剂22
1.3.3 复合金属氧化物催化剂22-23
1.3.4 金属盐催化剂23
1.3.5 负载型催化剂23-26 1.4 本课题的研究意义26 1.5 本课题的主要研究内容26-27第二章 实验部分27-35 2.1 原料与试剂27-28 2.2 实验设备及仪器28 2.3 催化剂制备28-29
2.3.1 Cu/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂28-29
2.3.2 Zn-Al氧化物催化剂29 2.4 催化剂表征29-30
2.4.1 X射线衍射测定29
2.4.2 比表面积、孔容和孔径分析29
2.4.3 NH_3程序升温脱附29-30
2.4.4 电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析30 2.5 实验操作过程30-31
2.5.1 尿素与PG合成PC反应30
2.5.2 Cu/γ-Al_2O_3催化甘油氢解合成PG反应30
2.5.3 两段床反应器上甘油、H_2与尿素合成PC反应30-31 2.6 分析方法31
2.6.1 气相色谱分析31
2.6.2 气相色谱与质谱分析31 2.7 数据处理31-35第三章 固定床上尿素醇解合成碳酸丙烯酯反应研究35-49 3.1 前言35-36 3.2 实验部分36 3.3 结果与讨论36-48
3.3.1 制备条件对Zn-Al氧化物催化性能的影响36-44
3.3.1.1 沉淀次序的影响36-39
3.3.1.2 pH值的影响39-40
3.3.1.3 老化温度的影响40-41
3.3.1.4 焙烧温度的影响41-43
3.3.1.5 焙烧时间的影响43-44
3.3.2 反应条件对尿素与PG合成PC反应的影响44-46
3.3.2.1 反应温度的影响44-45
3.3.2.2 原料配比的影响45
3.3.2.3 液空速的影响45-46
3.3.3 Zn-Al氧化物催化剂的稳定性测试46-48 3.4 小结48-49第四章 甘油、H_2与尿素合成碳酸丙烯酯反应研究49-61 4.1 前言49-50 4.2 实验部分50 4.3 结果与讨论50-60
4.3.1 Cu/γ-Al_2O_3催化甘油氢解合成PG反应50-51
4.3.2 溶解尿素用溶剂的筛选及溶剂用量的考察51-52
4.3.2.1 溶剂的筛选51-52
4.3.2.2 溶剂用量的考察52
4.3.3 甘油、H_2与尿素合成PC反应体系的建立52-53
4.3.4 反应条件对甘油、H_2与尿素合成PC反应的影响53-57
4.3.4.1 甘油氢解段反应温度的影响53-54
4.3.4.2 尿素醇解段反应温度的影响54
4.3.4.3 甘油液空速的影响54-55
4.3.4.4 H_2与甘油摩尔比的影响55-56
4.3.4.5 甘油与尿素摩尔比的影响56-57
4.3.5 反应体系组分的确定及反应路径分析57-60 4.4 小结60-61第五章 结论与展望61-63参考文献63-69攻读硕士期间所获得的相关科研成果69-71致谢71
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京公网安备75号<meta name="keywords" content="低共融溶剂,氯化胆碱,尿素,甘油,CO2分离,润滑," />
<meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="cn" content="作为绿色溶剂，离子液体在化学和物理学科引起广泛关注. 低共融溶剂，如氯化胆碱/尿素和氯化胆碱/甘油，不仅被认为是一类新型的离子液体，还具有价格低廉、环境友好及合成简便等优势. 为了促进氯化胆碱/尿素和氯化胆碱/甘油这两种低共融溶剂的应用，本文考察了氯化胆碱/尿素和氯化胆碱/甘油的微观结构、物理化学性质及水分对其物性的影响，并将其与传统离子液体进行了比较. 此外，还分析了氯化胆碱/尿素和氯化胆碱/甘油在摩擦学及CO2分离中的潜在应用. 已有研究结果表明，氯化胆碱/尿素和氯化胆碱/甘油有希望应用于摩擦学及CO2分离中，但是在大规模工业应用之前依然存在很多不确定性和瓶颈，还需要进一步在其纳米结构、实验测定及模型等方面进行研究."/>
<meta name="DC.Keywords" xml:lang="cn" content="低共融溶剂,氯化胆碱,尿素,甘油,CO2分离,润滑,"/>
<meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="en" content="Ionic liquids as green solvents have gained tremendous attention in chemical and physical science. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), such as choline chloride/urea (ChCl/urea) and choline chloride/glycerol (ChCl/gly), were proposed as a new type of ionic liquids but with additional advantages in cost, environmental impact and synthesis. To promote the application of these two DESs, in this work, the available research work on the microstructure of ChCl/urea and ChCl/gly, their physicochemical properties and the water effect on properties were surveyed and compared with the tradition ionic liquids. The potential applications and the challenges in tribology and CO2 separation were further analyzed. It was shown that ChCl/urea and ChCl/gly are promising for the application of tribology and CO2 separation according to the available research results, however, uncertainties and bottlenecks still exist before industrial applications, and further study on the nanostructure and the properties on experimental measurements and model developments should be enhanced."/>
<meta name="DC.Keywords" xml:lang="en" content="deep eutectic solvents,choline chloride,urea,glycerol,CO2 separation,lubricants,"/>
氯化胆碱/尿素和氯化胆碱/甘油的性质与应用
中国科学 化学
: 927-941&&&&DOI: 10.-00001
氯化胆碱/尿素和氯化胆碱/甘油的性质与应用
张盈盈①②, 吉晓燕②, 陆小华①*
① 材料化学工程国家重点实验室; 南京工业大学, 南京 210009;
② 瑞典吕勒奥工业大学能源系, 吕勒奥 97187, 瑞典
Properties and applications of choline chloride/urea and choline chloride/glycerol
ZHANG YingYing1,2, JI XiaoYan2, LU XiaoHua1*
1 State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, C
2 Division of Energy Science/Energy Engineering, Lule& University of Technology, Lule& 97187, Sweden
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