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科目：初中英语
来源：2012届江苏省仪征市大仪中学初三上学期期中考试英语试卷（带解析）
题型：完型填空
John Thomas was an 18-year-old student, but he had been a famous champion (冠军).& Everybody at Boston University liked this tall, quiet boy. Once he was hurt, everybody at Boston University was &36 &. People all over the country &37 &about John Thomas and often asked, "Will he ever jump again ?"John' s mother went to the hospital to see her son. She looked at his&38&leg. Then she looked into his &39 &.She knew what her son would &40 . "You're going to jump again, John, I know it," she said. " &41 &will be all right. "If John hoped to jump again, he would have a &42 &to do. He began at once. Even in his hospital bed John started to exercise. He used a wheel(轮子) and other metal things. Soon his &43 &looked like a machine shop!It was May when John &44 &the hospital. "Is it all right if I go camping( 宿营) this summer?" he asked the doctors." Yes," the doctors said.& " But take it easy on that foot. "John took only &45&walks at first. He was taking it easy on his foot. But not on anything else. He went swimming and did other kinds of exercises. He exercised &46 &his body cried for a rest. Some days later, he exercised a little &47 &. In late summer John went back to &48 &. He asked if he could practise with the football team. Football wasn't his favorite, but he had to get that leg &49 &again! He worked hard. "No one pushed him as hard as he pushed himself," said one of his friends. "To &50&a champion fighting back is a wonderful thing to watch. ":【小题1】A．sorryB．afraidC．aloneD．tired【小题2】A．thoughtB．talkedC．heardD．moved【小题3】A．brokenB．lostC．missingD．dead【小题4】A．faceB．footC．eyesD．leg【小题5】A．makeB．useC．agreeD．do【小题6】A．NothingB．AnythingC．SomethingD．Everything【小题7】A．littleB．lotC．fewD．bit【小题8】A．chairB．classroomC．homeD．bed【小题9】A．reachedB．calledC．leftD．found【小题10】A．shortB．longC．quickD．fast【小题11】A．afterB．ifC．untilD．when【小题12】A．laterB．betterC．moreD．less【小题13】A．schoolB．hospitalC．shopD．church【小题14】A．thickB．strong C．straightD．hard【小题15】A．lookB．hearC．knowD．see
科目：初中英语
来源：2011届江苏省无锡市滨湖区初三4月调研英语试题（带解析）
题型：阅读理解
Height is just one of the thousands of features (特征) that your genes (基因) decide. In fact, because you have two parents, your genes provide you a height that usually lands somewhere between the height of each parent. If both your parents are tall, then maybe you will be tall, too, but if you have questions about how tall you’re going to be, ask your doctor if he or she can help you find it out.But genes don’t decide everything. For example, eating an unhealthy diet can keep you from growing to your full potential (潜力). Getting enough sleep and enough exercise will help you grow to the right height.No doubt you’re wondering how fast you should grow. There’s no perfect or right answer. Kids grow about 2 inches (5 centimetres) a year between age 3 and the time when they start puberty (when your body starts changing and becoming more grown up).Your doctor will know how your growth has been going over the years. Two centimetres here and 2 inches there are not nearly as important as the height you’re at now, how you’ve been growing up to this point, and what other changes your body may be going through.Don’t be scared if you seem to have grown a lot in a very short time. Everyone has a very quick growth during puberty. The age for starting puberty is about 10 for girls and about 11 for boys. But it can be earlier or later – between 7 and 13 for girls, 9 and 15 for boys.You’ll usually begin to notice that you’re growing faster about a year after your body starts to show the first changes of puberty.【小题1】The Chinese for the underlined word in the third paragraph “puberty” is &&&&&&&&&&.A．童年时期B．婴幼儿时期C．习惯养成期D．青春期【小题2】If you want to know how fast and how tall you should grow, &&&&&&&&&.A．you should have enough exerciseB．you can ask doctors for helpC．you should protect the environmentD．you can record your growth during puberty【小题3】This passage is mainly about &&&&&&&&&&&.A．how the genes work in your bodyB．when is the time you grow fastC．why you look like your parentsD．how you grow to a certain height【小题4】After reading this passage, we can explain ___________.&&&A．how good it is to be a doctorB．how much sleep we needC．why genes can’t decide everythingD．what an unhealthy diet is【小题5】Which is NOT mentioned (提及) in the passage?A．Your height most probably depends on (取决于) how tall your parents are.B．Girls’ age for starting puberty is usually earlier than that for boys’.C．The time showing the first changes of puberty is never noticed.D．You may be scared sometimes when you grow too fast.
科目：初中英语
来源：学年江苏省泰州市九年级12月学业水平测试英语试卷（解析版）
题型：完型填空
John Thomas was a student, but he had been a famous champion(冠军). Everybody at Boston University liked this tall,
quiet boy. Once he was hurt, everybody at Boston University was &&&&&.
People all over the country&& &&&&about
John Thomas and often asked, &Will he ever jump again?&
&&&& John's mother went to the
hospital to see her son. She looked at his&& &&&&leg.
Then she looked into his&& &&&. She knew what
her son would &&&&&. &You're going to jump
again,
John, I know it,& she said.&& &&&&will
be all right.&
&&& If John hoped to jump again, he
would have
a& &&&&to do. He began at once. Even in his
hospital bed John started to exercise. He used a wheel(轮子) and other metal things. Soon his&& &&&looked
like a machine shop!
It was May when John &&&&&the
hospital. &Is it all right if I go camping this summer?& he asked the
doctors.
&Yes,& the doctors said. &But take it
easy on that foot.&
John took only&& &&&walks
at first. He was taking it easy on his foot. But not on anything else. He went
swimming and did other kinds of exercises. He exercised &&&&&&&his
body cried for a rest. Some days later, he exercised a little &&&&&&&.
In late summer John went back to&& &&&&.
He asked if he could practise with the football team. Football wasn't his
favorite, but he had to get that leg &&&&&&&&again!
He worked hard. &No one pushed him as hard as he pushed himself,&
said one of his friends. &To &&&&&&&&&a
champion fighting back is a wonderful thing to watch.&
1.A.
sorry&&&&&&& &&& B.
scared&&&&&&&&&&& C.
alone&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&& D.
tired
2.A.
thought&&&&&&
B. talked&& &&&&&& &&&&&&&C.
heard &&&&&&&&&&&&& D.
moved
3.A.
broken&&& &&&&&&& &&&&B.
lost&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&C.
missing&&&&&&&&& &&&& D.
dead
4.A.
face&&&&&&&& &&& B.
foot&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
eyes&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. leg
5.A.
make&&& & &&&&B.
use&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&C.
agree&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. do
6.A.
Nothing&&&&& && B. Anything &&&&& &&&&&&&C.
Something&& && &&&&D. Everything
7.A.
little&&& &&& &&&&B.
lot&&&&& &&&&&&& &&&&&&&C.
few&&&&&&&& &&& &&&&D.
bit
8.A.
chair&&&&&&&
&&& B. classroom&&&&&&&&
C. home&&&&&& &&&&& &&&&D.
bed
9.A.
reached&
&&&&B. called&&& &&&&& &&&&&&&C.
left&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&& D. found
10.A.
short&&&& &&&&&&& &&&&B.
long&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
quick&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. fast
11.A.
after&&&&&&& & B.
if&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&& &&&C.
until&&&&&&&&&&& &&& D.
when
12.A.
later&&&&&&& && B.
better&&&&&&&&&&& C.
more&&&& & &&&& D. less
13.A.
school&& &&&&& B.
hospital&&&&& &&&&&& &&&C.
shop&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&D.
church
14.A.
thick&&&&&& &&& B.
strong&&&&&&&&&&& C.
straight& &&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&D.
hard
15.A.
look &&&&&&& &&&& B.
hear&&& &&&&&& &&&&&&&C.
know&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&& D.
see
科目：初中英语
来源：学年广东省九年级9月月考英语试卷（解析版）
题型：阅读理解
&I can’t remember when I fell in love with music.
Maybe it happened when I was feeling blue sometime long ago. I can’t tell you exactly how music makes me feel better. But
while listening to music, especially light music, it makes me feel calm and
peaceful. Now I am listening to a song named Moon River. It is really a
fantastic song. I didn’t like this song at the beginning, but
later I found its slow melody and beautiful lyrics deeply touching.
&& “Oh, dream
maker, you heart breaker. Wherever you’re going I’m going your
way. Two drifters(流浪者) are off& to see the world. There’s such a lot of world to see.”
Yes. Although
there is a long way to go for the drifters and maybe there are many troubles
ahead, he seems afraid of nothing. I like music. Music reminds me that human
beings have a lot in common even if they come from different countries or backgrounds,
because we all have the same feeling or understanding of melodies and words.
1.The writer likes&&&& &music.
A.popular&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&& B.light&&&&&&&&&&&&&
C.classical&&&&&&&&& D.dance
2.The writer didn’t like the
song called Moon River&&&&&& &.
A.now&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&& B.at
all&&&&&&&&&&&&&
C.at the beginning&&& D.very much
3.From the song, we know that the drifters seem afraid
of &&&&&&.
A.everything&&&&&&&&
&&&&& B.police&&&&&&&&&&&&
C.dogs&&&&&&&&&&&&
D.nothing
4.The writer thinks people who come from different
countries have&&&&&& .
A.the same feeling of melodies and words
B.different understanding of melodies and words
C.different feelings of melodies and words
D.the same understanding of sound and words
5.The writer began to love music when he/she was&&&&&&
sometime long ago.
A.happy&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&& B.excited&&&&&&&&&&&&
C.tired&&&&&&&&&& D.blue
科目：初中英语
来源：2013届江苏省无锡市惠山区初二第二学期月考英语试卷
题型：阅读理解
&Can I see my baby?& asked the
happy new mother. When the baby was in her arms, she couldn't believe her eyes.
The baby was born without ears.
Time proved(证明) that the baby's hearing was very good though he
had no ears. He got on well with his classmates. But one day, he said to his
mother, tears in his eyes, &A big boy called me a freak (畸形的).&
　　The
boy's father asked the family doctor. &Could nothing be done?&
　　&I
believe I could graft (植入) on a pair of outer ears if they could be got,& the doctor
said. They tried to find a person who was helpful for the young man.
　　One
day, his father said to the son, &You're going to the hospital, son.
Mother and I have someone who will donate the ears you need. But we must keep
it a secret who the person is.&
　　The operation(手术) was a great success, and a
new person appeared. His cleverness and hard work made him a very successful
person. He married and lived a happy life.
　　He
once asked his father, &Who gave me the ears? I could do enough for him or
her.&
　　&I
do not believe you could, &said the father.& The agreement was that
you are not to know...not yet.&
　　For
years they kept it a secret, but the day did come. He stood with his father
over his mother's body. Slowly, the father raised the thick, brown hair. To his
surprise, the son found his mother had no outer ears.
　　&Mother
said she was glad she never needed to cut her hair,& his father said in a
low voice, &and nobody ever thought mother less beautiful, did they?”
1.The mother was surprised to see her baby
for the first time because the baby__.
A．had no outer ears
B．was born without hair
C．was in her arms
D．could not hear her
2.The sentence&...a new person
appeared.& means&______.&
A．a new baby was born in the hospital
B．a stranger came into the hospital
C．a new doctor took care of the boy
D．the boy began to live a new life
3.Why did the boy's mother never cut her
hair?
A．Because she liked her thick, brown hair.
B．Because her work didn't allow her to do that
C．Because the hair was good for her health
D．Because she wanted to keep the fact a secret
4.Which of the following is true according
to the passage?
A．The boy couldn't hear without ears at first.
B．The boy didn't know the truth (真相) until his mother died.
C．His parents often encouraged him to work hard.
D．His classmates were always making fun of him.
5.Which is the best title for the passage?
A．A Clever Boy
B．Kind Parents
C．Great Love
D．An Ear Operation
精英家教网新版app上线啦！用app只需扫描书本条形码就能找到作业，家长给孩子检查作业更省心，同学们作业对答案更方便，扫描上方二维码立刻安装！当前位置：
＞＞＞. --- Did you often e-mail your family during the first yea..
. --- Did you often e-mail your family during the first year at university? --- No. I was so busy meeting new people that I didn’t write to my family as I _____.A．ought toB．should doC．should have writtenD．should have
题型：单选题难度：偏易来源：不详
D本题两句话全部使用过去时态，因此空白处的动作也应发生在过去。我们将句子还原后，就是I should have written to my family。should have written to my family省略时只用should have
马上分享给同学
据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“. --- Did you often e-mail your family during the first yea..”主要考查你对&&虚拟语气，情态动词&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
现在没空？点击收藏，以后再看。
因为篇幅有限，只列出部分考点，详细请访问。
虚拟语气情态动词
虚拟语气的概念：
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用：
一、真实条件句：真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。时态关系句型：条件从句：一般现在时；主句：shall/will+动词原形 如：If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题： The volleyball match will be put off if it___. A. will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained 答案：B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will。如：&（错） If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.&&&&&&&&& （对） If you leave now, you will never regret it. &&&&&&&&&&& 2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 二、非真实条件句：非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。& 1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a. 同现在事实相反的假设。句型：从句：一般过去时；主句：should(would)+动词原形 如：If they were here, they would help you. b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句：过去完成时；主句：should(would)have+过去分词 如：If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. &&&&&&& The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. &&&&&&& If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. c.表示对将来的假想句型：条件从句：一般过去时；主句：should+动词原形 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&从句： were+不定式；主句：would+动词原形 should+动词原形 如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right. &&&&&&& If you should succeed, everything would be all right. &&&&&&& If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 三、混合条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 如：If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） &&&&&&& If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 比较if only与only if：
only if表示“只有”；if only则表示“如果……就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。 如：I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。 &&&&&&& If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。 &&&&&&& If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。&It is(high) time that It is(high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 如：It is time that the children went to bed. &&&&&&& It is high time that the children should go to bed.& need“不必做”和“本不该做"”didn't need to do表示：过去不必做某事，事实上也没做。needn'thavedone表示：过去不必做某事，但事实上做了。 如：John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. &&&&&&& 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。&&& &&&&&&& John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. &&&&&&& 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。) 典型例题：There was plenty o ftime. She___. A. mustn't have hurriedB. couldn't have hurriedC. must not hurryD. needn't have hurried 答案：D。needn't havedone. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。 Mustn't have done用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done,“不可能已经”。must not do不可以（用于一般现在时）特殊的虚拟语气词should 的用法：
1）It is demanded/necessary/a pity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形，should可省略。句型： 如：It is suggested that we(should) hold a meeting next week. &&&&&&& It is necessary that he(should) come to our meeting tomorrow. 2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist+(should)do 如：I suggest that we(should) hold a meeting next week.&&&&&&&&He insisted that he(should) be sent there. 注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 如：The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错：（错）You pale face suggests that you(should) be ill.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&（对）Your pale face suggests that you are ill. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& （错）I insisted that you(should) be wrong. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& （对）I insisted that you were wrong. 3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 如：My idea is that we(should) get more people to attend the conference. &&&&&&& I make a proposal that we(should) hold a meeting next week. 虚拟语气知识体系：
虚拟条件句的倒装：
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。 如：Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.&&&&&&&&&&&&Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.&&&& &&&&&&& Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be”的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。 如：If I were you, I would go to look for him.& 如果我是你，就会去找他。 &&&&&&& If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题：_____to do the work, I should do it some other day.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&A. If were I&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B. I were&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. Were I&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. Was I 答案：C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前，变成were, should, had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说Were I not to do.，而不能说Weren't I to do。情态动词的概念：
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。几组词的辨析：
1、need和dare的用法：need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。 （1）用作情态动词：&如：—Need I come? 我需要来吗？&&&&&&&& —Yes, you must. 需要。 &&&&&&&& You needn′t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。&&&&&&&&&&I don′t think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。&&&&&&&&&&She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。 &&&&&&&& How dare you say I′m unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平？ &&&&&&&& Not one of them dared mention this.他们谁也不敢提这件事。 （2）用作实义动词： 如：You don′t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 &&&&&&& We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。 &&&&&&& The table needs painting(to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。 &&&&&&& We should dare to give our own opinion.我们要敢于提出自己的观点。 &&&&&&& He did not dare(to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。 &&&&&&& I dare day he′ll come again. 我想他会再来的。2、can和be able to：（1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态形式。 如：Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。 （2）用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而was∕were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。 如：He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn′t feel like it that day. &&&&&&& 他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。 &&&&&&& Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。 3、must和have to：must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可用于表示过去时间，在直接引语中表示过去时间应该用had to代替。 如：I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必须戒烟。 &&&&&&& We had to get everything ready that night. 我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。 4、would和used to：（1）usedto表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，而would只表过去的情况。如：People used to think that the earth was flat. &过去人们认为地球是平的。（现在人们不这么认为。）&&&&&&& &She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country. &&&&&&& 在乡下时，她总是在早晨去散会儿步。（可能现在仍有散步的习惯。） （2）used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。 如：He used to∕would smoke while writing. 过去他写东西时常抽烟。 &&&&&&& She used to be fat. 她过去很胖。 情态动词的基本用法：1、can(could)： 1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。 如：Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。 &&&&&&& Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？ 2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 如：The temperature can fall to–60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing. 气温可降至-60℃，也就是零下60℃。 &&&&&&& He can′t(couldn′t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。&& &&&&&&& You mustn′t smoke while you′re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.& &&&&&&& 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。 3）表示允许。 如：Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？ &&&&&&& He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。 4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 如：Where can(could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？ &&&&&&& He can′t(couldn′t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。 &&&&&&& How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？ 5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 如：Can(Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？ &&&&&&& I′m afraid we couldn′t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。 2、may(might)： 1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。 如：You may take what ever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。 &&&&&&& He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。 &&&&&&& May(Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式：如：Yes, please./Certainly. /Please don′t./You′d better not./No, you mustn′t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。 2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。 如：He may be at home. 他可能在家。 &&&&&&& She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。 &&&&&&& He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。& 如：They might be having a meeting, but I′m not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。 3、must：1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。 如：We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。 &&&&&&& You mustn′t talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。 &&&&&&&& —Must we hand in our exercise-books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？ &&&&&&&& —No, you needn′t./No, you don′t have to.不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustn′t） 2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。 如：He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。 如：She′s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot o fmoney. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。 4、shall：1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。 如：Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？ &&&&&&& Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？ &&&&&&& What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？ 2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 如：You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令） &&&&&&& You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺） &&&&&&& He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告） 如：Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心） 5、will：1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。 如：I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。 &&&&&&& None is so blind as those who won′t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。 &&&&&&& If you will read the book, I′ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。 2）表请求，用于疑问句。 如：Will you close the window? It′s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。 &&&&&&& Won′t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？ 3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 如：Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。&&&&&&& The door won′t open. 这门打不开。 &&&&&&& The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.& &&&&&&& 那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。 6、should：1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。 如：You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 &&&&&&& You shouldn′t waste anytime. 你不应该浪费时间。 2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。 如：The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。&&&&&&& &&&&&&& They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。 7、would：1）表意愿。 如：They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。&&&&&&&&&I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 如：Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？ &&&&&&& Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？ &&&&&&& They wouldn′t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。 3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。 如：Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。8、ought to：1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。 如：You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。 &&&&&&& You oughtn′t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。 2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。 如：Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。 &&&&&&& There′ it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。 9、used to：表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。 如：He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city. 他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。 &&&&&&& There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。 &&&&&&& I usedn′t (didn′t use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。 &&&&&&& Used you(Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？情态动词的其他用法：首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作（如写，读，跑），而情态动词只是表达的一种想法（如能，也许，敢）。用法是：情态动词+行为动词原形：句：I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。 如：We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。 &&&&&&& May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？ &&&&&&& Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？ &&&&&&& You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。情态动词知识体系：
&情态动词表推测的三种句式： 1、在肯定句中一般用must(一定)，may（可能），might/could（也许，或许）。如：He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。&&&&&&&&&It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。 2、否定句中用can't/couldn't (不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。如：It can't/couldn't be the headmaster. He has gone to America.& 这不可能是校长，他去美国了&&&&&&& He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。 3、疑问句中用can/could(能……?)。如：Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗？&&&&&&& Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗？注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。情态动词表推测的三种时态：1、对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词+动词原形”。如：She must/may/might/could arrive before 5.& 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。 &&&&&&& She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.&&&&&&& 她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。 2、对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词+be”，“情态动词+bedoing”或“情态动词+动词原形”。如：He must/may/might/could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。&&&&&&& He can't(couldn't)/may(might) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。&&&&&&& Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can(could) he be late for the opening ceremony? &&&&&&& 布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢？ 3、对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词+have+过去分词”。如：It must/may/might/ could have rained last night. The ground is wet. 地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。&&&&&&& The door was locked. He can(could) not/may(might) not have been at home. 门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。&&&&&&& &&&&&&& Can/Could he have gotten the book？难道他找到书了吗？注：情态动词should/ought to表推测时，意为“想必会，理应……”但与“have+过去分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。如：It's seven o'clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. &&&&&&& 现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。（推测）&&&& &&&&&&& She should/ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital.（虚拟）&&&&&&& 她本该出席你的生日晚会的，可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。& &&&&&&& Tom should not/ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm.（虚拟）&&&&&&& 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他并无恶意。
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