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淘豆网网友近日为您收集整理了关于[简明中古英语词典].A.Concise.Dictionary.of.Middle.English.(1888).(英)A.L.Mayhew.&.Walter.W.Skeat的文档，希望对您的工作和学习有所帮助。以下是文档介绍：[简明中古英语词典].A.Concise.Dictionary.of.Middle.English.(1888).(英)A.L.Mayhew.&.Walter.W.Skeat A Concise Dictionary of Middle EnglishA. L. Mayhew and Walter W. SkeatTable of ContentsA Concise Dictionary of Middle English...........................................................................................................1A. L. Mayhew and Walter W. Skeat........................................................................................................2PREFACE...................................(来源：淘豆网[/p-7222542.html]).............................................................................................................4NOTE ON THE PHONOLOGY OF MIDDLEENGLISH...................................................................7ABBREVIATIONS (LANGUAGES),..................................................................................................11A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF MIDDLEENGLISH..........................................................................(来源：淘豆网[/p-7222542.html])..........11A.............................................................................................................................................................12B.............................................................................................................................................................34C........................................................................................................................(来源：淘豆网[/p-7222542.html]).....................................54D.............................................................................................................................................................78E.............................................................................................................................................................94F.............................................................................................(来源：淘豆网[/p-7222542.html])..............................................................104G...........................................................................................................................................................124H...........................................................................................................................................................137I (Vowel).............................................................(来源：淘豆网[/p-7222542.html]).................................................................................152K...........................................................................................................................................................158L...........................................................................................................................................................163M..................................................(来源：淘豆网[/p-7222542.html])........................................................................................................178N...........................................................................................................................................................193O...........................................................................................................................................................200P...........................(来源：淘豆网[/p-7222542.html])................................................................................................................................209Q...........................................................................................................................................................222R...........................................................................................................................................................225S...(来源：淘豆网[/p-7222542.html])........................................................................................................................................................239T...........................................................................................................................................................274U..........................................................................................................................................(来源：淘豆网[/p-7222542.html]).................294V...........................................................................................................................................................295W..........................................................................................................................................................306X...................................................................................................................(来源：淘豆网[/p-7222542.html])........................................323Y...........................................................................................................................................................324A Concise Dictionary of Middle EnglishiA Concise Dictionary of Middle English1A. L. Mayhew and Walter W. SkeatPREFACENOTE ON THE PHONOLOGY OF MIDDLEENGLISH.ABBREVIATIONS (LANGUAGES),A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF MIDDLEENGLISHABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYA Concise Dictionary of Middle EnglishFrom A.D. 1150 To 1580Produced by Greg Lindahl and Distributed Proofreaders, and AnziaKraus of the CWRU Library[ Note from the postprocessor:This book uses a variety of special characters, some of which areeasily representable in a text font, some of which are not.A deg. (eth) and A3/4/Az (thorn/Thorn) are asis. Yough is represented as theA Concise Dictionary of Middle English2twocharacter sequence 3*.The special characters A|/A (ae/AE) do not have accented forms inthe standard text font, so when accented have been written as A|*and A*.Long marks over Latin vowels have been marked as u*, etc.Endofline hyphens present a significant problem in this book, asmany different languages are used, some of which hyphenate manywords. For the most part these endofline hyphon occasion they are marked as—*.Greek words are transliterated using the standard Gutenberg scheme.Italics are marked thus, and boldface thus.Finally, the “additions and corrections” at the end have been addedinto the main text, marked by [Addition] or [Correction] after theentry.Images of this book are available at /~lindahl/concise/Corrections are e. ][Illustration]A CONCISE DICTIONARY OFMIDDLE ENGLISHMAYHEW AND SKEATA CONCISE DICTIONARY OF MIDDLE ENGLISH FROM A.D. 1150 TO 1580BY THEREV. A. L. MAYHEW, M.A. OF WADHAM COLLEGE, OXFORDAND THEREV. WALTER W. SKEAT LITT.D.; LL.D. EDIN.; M.A. OXON. ELRINGTON AND BOSWORTHPROFESSOR OF ANGLOSAXON IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE“These our Ancient Words here set down, I trust will for this time satisfie the Reader.—R. VERSTEGAN,Restitution of Decayed Intelligence, ch. vii (at the end)“Authentic words be given, or none!” WORDSWORTH, Lines on Macpherson's LXXXVIIIA Concise Dictionary of Middle English3PREFACE(BY PROFESSOR SKEAT.)The present work is intended to meet, in some measure, the requirements of those who wish to make somestudy of MiddleEnglish, and who find a difficulty in obtaining such assistance as will enable them to find outthe meanings and etymologies of the words most essential to their purpose.The best MiddleEnglish Dictionary, that by Dr. MAtzner of Berlin, has only reached the end of the letterH; and it is probable that it will not pleted for many years. The only MiddleEnglish Dictionary thathas been carried on to the end of the alphabet is that by the late Dr. Stratmann, of Krefeld. This is a valuablework, and is indispensable for the more advanced student. However, the present work will still supply adeficiency, as it differs from Stratmann's Dictionary in many particulars. We have chosen as our Main Words,where possible, the most typical of the forms or spellings of the period of Chaucer and Piers P inStratmann, on the other hand, the form chosen as Main Word is generally the oldest form in which it appears,frequently one of the twelfth century. Moreover, with regard to authorities, we refer in the case of the greatmajority of our forms to a few, cheap, easily accessible works, whereas Stratmann's authorities are mainly thenumerous and expensive publications of the Early English Text Society. Lastly, we have paid special attentionto the French element in MiddleEnglish, whereas Stratmann is somewhat deficient in respect of words ofFrench origin [Footnote 1: A new and thoroughly revised edition of Stratmann's Dictionary is being preparedby Mr. Henry Bradley, for the Delegates of the Clarendon Press.] The book which has generally been found ofmost assistance to the learner is probably Halliwell's Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial W but this isnot specially confined to the MiddleEnglish period, and the plan of it differs in several respects from that ofthe present work.The scope of this volume will be best understood by an explanation of the circumstances that gave rise toit. Some useful paratively inexpensive volumes illustrative of the MiddleEnglish period have beenissued by the Clarendon P all of which are furnished with glossaries, explaining all the important words,with exact references to the passages wherein the words occur. In particular, the three useful handbookscontaining Specimens of English (from 1150 down to 1580) together supply no less than sixtysevencharacteristic extracts from the most important literary monu and the three glossaries tothese books together fill more than 370 pages of closelyprinted type in double columns. The idea suggesteditself that it would be highly desirable to bring the very useful information thus already collected under onealphabet, and this has now been effected. At the same time, a reference has in every case been carefully givento the particular Glossarial Index which registers each form here cited, so that it is perfectly easy for any onewho consults our book to refer, not merely to the particular Index thus noted, but to the references given inthat I and so, by means of such references, to find every passage referred to, with its proper context.Moreover the student only requires, for this purpose, a small array of the textbooks in the Clarendon PressSeries, instead of a more or plete set of editions of MiddleEnglish texts, the possession of whichnecessitates a considerable outlay of money. By this plan, so great pression of information has beenachieved, that a large number of the articles give a summary such as can be readily expanded to a considerablelength, by the exercise of a and thus the work is practically as full of material as if it hadbeen three or four times its present size. A couple of examples will shew* what this really means.At p. 26 is the following entry:—'Biheste, sb. promise, S, S2, C2, P; byheste, S2; beheste, S2; byhest, S2; bihese, S; biheest, W; bihese,pl., S.—AS. behA|*s.'By referring to the respective indexes here cited, such as S (=Glossary to Specimens of English, Part I),and the like, we easily expand this article into the following:—'Biheste, sb. promise, S (9. 19); S2 (I a. 184); C2 (B37, 41, 42, F 698); P (3. 126); byheste, S2 (18 b.25); beheste, S2 (14 a. 3); byhest, S2 (12. 57, 18 b. 9, [where it may also be explained by grant]); bihese, S(where it is used as a plural); biheest, W (promise, command, Lk. xxiv. 49, Rom. iv. 13; pl. biheestis, Heb. xi.13); bihese, S (pl. behests, promises, 4 d. 55).—AS. behA|*s'A Concise Dictionary of Middle English4In order to exhibit the full meaning of this—which requires no further explanation to those who have inhand the books denoted by S, S2, &c.—it would be necessary to print the article at considerable length, asfollows:—'Biheste, sb. “dusi biheste” a foolish promise, (extract from) Ancren Riwle, l. 19; “and wel lutewule hulde A3/4e biheste A3/4at he nom,”(extract from) Robert of Gloucester, l. 184; “holdeth yourbAheste,” Chaucer, Introd. to Man of Law's Prologue, l. 37; “biheste is dette,” same, l. 41; “al my biheste”same, l. 42; “or breken his biheste“ Chaucer, sequel to Squieres Tale, l. 698; “A3/4orw fals biheste,” PiersPlowman, Text B, Pass. iii, l. 126; “to volvulle (fulfil) A3/4at byheste” Trevisa (extract from), lib. vi. cap.29, l. 25; “the lond of promyssioun, or of beheste,” Prol. to Mandeville's Travels, l. 3; “wiA3/4 fair byhest,”William and the Werwolf, l. 57; “A3/4e byhest (promise, or grant) of oA3/4ere menne kyngdom,” Trevisa,lib. vi. cap. 29, l. 9; “y schal sende the biheest of my fadir into 3*ou,” Wyclif, Luke xxiv. 49; “not bi thelawe is biheest to Abraham,” Wycl. Rom. iv. 13; “whanne the biheestis weren not takun,” Wycl. Heb. xi. 13;“longenge to godes bihese” Old Eng. Homilies, Dominica iv. post Pascha, l. 55.'We thus obtain fifteen excellent examples of the use of this word, with the full context and an exactreference (easily verified) in every case. And, in the above instance, all the quotations lie within passof the eleven texts in the Clarendon Press Series denoted, respectively, by S, S2, S3, C, C2, C3, W, W2, P, H,and G.The original design was to make use of
but it was so easy to extend it by includingexamples to be obtained from other Glossaries and Dictionaries, that a considerable selection of interestingwords was added from these, mainly for the sake of illustrating the words in the Clarendon textbooks. Theseillustrative words can be fully or partially verified by those who happen to possess all or some of the workscited, or they can safely be taken on trust, as really occurring there, any mistake being due to such authority.A second example will make this clearer. 'Brant, adj. steep, high, MD, HD; brent, JD; brentest, superl.S2.—AS. brant (bront); cp. Swed. brant, Icel. brattr.'Omitting the etymology, the above information is given in two short lines. Those who possess the'Specimens of English' will easily find the example of the superl. brentest. By consulting MAtzner's,Halliwell's, and Jamieson's Dictionaries, further information can be obtained, and the full article will appear asfollows:—'Brant, adj. steep, high, MD [brant, brent, adj. ags. brand, arduus, altus, altn. brattr, altschw. branter,schw. brant, bratt, dAn, brat, sch. brent, nordengl. Diall. brant: cf. “brant, steepe,” Manipulus Vocabulorum,p. 25: steil, hoch.—“Apon the bald Bucifelon brant up he sittes,” King Alexander, ed. Stevenson, p. 124;“Thir mountaynes ware als brant upri3*e as thay had bene walles,” MS. quoted in Halliwell's Diet., p. 206;“Hy3*e bonkkes & brent,” Gawain and the Grene Knight, l. 2165; “Bowed to A3/4e hy3* bonk A3/4erbrentest hit wern,” Alliterative Poems, ed. Morris, Poem B, l. 379]; HD [brant, steep. North: “Brant againstFlodden Hill,” explained by Nares from Ascham, “” of. Brit. Bibl. i. 132, same asbrandly?—“And thane
tille wonder heghe mountaynes, and it semed as the toppes had
and thir mountaynes were als brant upri3*te as thay had bene walles, so that ther was naclymbyng upon thame,” Life of Alexander, MS. Lincoln, fol. 38]; JD [brent, adj. high, straight, ” Mybak, that sumtyme brent hes bene, Now cruikis lyk are camok tre,” Maitland Poems, p. 193; followed by adiscussion extending to more than 160 lines of small print, which we forbear to quote]; brentest, superl. S2.13. 379 [&And bowed to A3/4e hy3* bonk A3/4er brentest hit were (MS. wern),” Allit. Poems, l. 379; alreadycited in MAtzner, above ].'The work, in fact, contains a very large collection of words, in many variant forms, appearing in Englishliterature and in Glossaries between A.D. 1150 and A.D. 1580. The glossaries in S2, S3 (Specimens ofEnglish, , and ) have furnished a considerable number of words belonging to theScottish dialect, which most dictionaries (excepting of course that of Jamieson) omit.The words are so arranged that even the beginner will, in general, easily find what he wants. We haveincluded in one article, together with the Main Word, all the variant spellings of the glossaries, as well as theetymological information. We have also given in alphabetical order numerous crossreferences to facilitatethe finding of most of the variant forms, and to connect them with the Main Word. In this way, thearrangement is at once etymological and alphabetical—adapted to the needs of the student of the language andA Concise Dictionary of Middle English5of the student of the literature.The meanings of the words are given in modern English, directly after the Main Word. The variant forms,as given in their alphabetical position, are frequently also explained, thus saving (in such cases) the trouble ofa crossreference, if the meaning of the word is alone required.An attempt is made in most cases to give the etymology, so far at least as to shew the immediate source ofthe MiddleEnglish word. Especial pains have been taken with the words of French origin, which form solarge a portion of the vocabulary of the MiddleEnglish period. In many cases the AF (AngloFrench) formsare cited, from my list of English Words found in AngloFrench, as published for the Philological Society in1882.The student of English who wishes to trace back the history of a word still in use can, in general, find theMiddleEnglish form in Skeat's Etymological Dictionary, and will then be able to consult the present work inorder to obtain further instances of its early use.The relative share of the authors in the preparation of this work is easily explained. The whole of it in itspresent form (with the exception of the letter N) piled, prepared, and written out for press by Mr.Mayhew. The original plan was, however, and I began by writing out the letter N (since augmented)by way of experiment and model. It will thus be seen that Mr. Mayhew's share of the work has parably the larger, involving all that is most laborious. On the other hand, I may claim that much of thelabour was mine also, at a much earlier stage, as having piled or revised the glossaries markedS2, S3, C2, C3, W, W2, P, and G, as well as the very full glossarial indexes cited as B, PP, and WA, and thedictionary cited as SkD. The important glossary marked S was, however, originally the work of Dr. Morris(since rewritten by Mr. Mayhew), and may, in a sense, be said to be the backbone of the whole, from itssupplying a very large number of the most curious and important early forms.The material used has been carefully revised by both authors, so that they must be held to be jointlyresponsible for the final form in which the whole is now offered to the public.A Concise Dictionary of Middle English6NOTE ON THE PHONOLOGY OF MIDDLEENGLISH.One great difficulty in finding a MiddleEnglish word in this, or any other, Dictionary is due to thefrequent variation of the symbols denoting the vowelsounds. Throughout the whole of the period to whichthe work relates the symbols i and y, in particular, are constantly interchanged, whether they stand alone, orform parts of diphthongs. Consequently, words which are spelt with one of these symbols in a given text mustfrequently be looked for as if
i.e. the pairs of symbols i and y, ai and ay, eA and ey, oAand oy, uA and uy, must be looked upon as likely to be used indifferently, one for the other. For furtherinformation, the student should consult the remarks upon Phonology in the Specimens of English (1150 to1300), 2nd ed., p. xxv. For those who have not time or opportunity to do this, a. few brief notes may perhapssuffice.The following symbols are frequently confused, or are employed as equivalent to each other because theyresult from the same sound in the Oldest English or in AngloFrench:—/* i,y;—ai,—ei,—oi,— ui, uy.a,—a, A|, e,—e, eo,—o, u, —(all originally short).a, A|, ea, e,—e, ee, eo,—o, oo,— u, ou,—(all long). */These are the most usual interchanges of symbols, and monly suffice for practical purposes, incases where the crossreferences fail. If the word be not found after such substitutions have been allowed for,it may be taken for granted that the Dictionary does not contain it. As a fact, the Dictionary only contains aconsiderable number of such words as are mon, or (for some special reason) and it isat once conceded that it is but a small handbook, which does not pretend to exhibit in all its fulness theextraordinarily copious vocabulary of our language at an important period of its history. The student plete information will find (in course of time) that the New English Dictionary which is being broughtout by the Clarendon Press will contain all words found in our literature since the year 1100.Of course variations in the vowelsounds are also introduced, in the case of strong verbs, by the usual'gradation' due to their method of conjugation. To meet this difficulty in some measure, numerous (but notexhaustive) crossreferences have been introduced, as when, e.g. ' Bar, bare' is given, with a crossreferenceto Beren. Further help in this respect is to be had from the table of 183 strong verbs given at pp. lxixlxxxi ofthe Preface to Part I of the Specimens of English (2nd edition); see, in particular, the alphabetical index to thesame, at pp. lxxxi, lxxxii. The same Preface further contains some account of the three principalMiddleEnglish dialects (p. xl), and Outlines of the Grammar (p. xlv). It also explains the meaning of thesymbols A3/4, A deg. (both used for th), 3* (used for y initially, gh medially, and gh or z finally), with othernecessary information.THE CLARENDON PRESS GLOSSARIES.This work gives all the words and every form contained in the glossaries to eleven publications in theClarendon Press Series, as below:—S.—SPECIMENS OF EARLY ENGLISH, ed. Morris, Part I: from A.D. 1150 to A. D. 1300.This book contains extracts from:—1. Old English Homilies, ed. Morris, E. E. T. S. 18678, pp. . The Saxon Chronicle, A.D. ,; 3. Old Eng. Homilies, ed. Morris, First Series, pp.4053; 4. The same, Second Series, pp. 89109; 5. The Ormulum, ed. White, ll. 9621719, pp. 3157; 6.Layamon's Brut, ed. Madden, ll.
[add 13784 to the number of the line in the reference]; 7.Sawles Warde, from Old Eng. Homilies, ed. Morris, First Series, pp. 9267; 8. St. Juliana, ed.Cockayne and B 9. The Ancren Riwle, ed. Morton, pp. 6430; 10. The Wooing of our Lord,from Old Eng. Homilies, ed. Morris, First Series, pp. . A Good Orison of our Lady, from thesame, pp. . A Bestiary, the Lion, Eagle, and Ant, from An Old Eng. Miscellany, ed. M 13.Old Kentish Sermons, from the same, pp. 2636; 14. Proverbs of Alfred, from the same, pp. .Version of Genesis and Exodus, ed. Morris, ll.. Owl and Nightingale, from An Old Eng.Miscellany, ed. Morris, ll. 194,2, , 855, . A Moral Ode (two copies), from An Old Eng. MiscellanyA Concise Dictionary of Middle English7and Old Eng. Homilies, 2nd Series, ed. M 18. Havelok the Dane, ed. Skeat, ll. . King Horn(in full).S2.—SPECIMENS OF ENGLISH, Part II, ed. Morris and S from A.D. .This book contains extracts from:—1. Robert of Gloucester's Chronicle (William the Conqueror and St.Dunstan); 2. Metrical Psalter, Psalms 8, 14(15), 17(18), 23(24), 102(103), 103(104); 3. The Proverbs ofH 4. Specimens of Lyric Poetry, ed. Wright (Alysoun, Plea for Pity, Parable of the Labourers,Springtime); 5. Robert Mannyng's Handlynge Synne, ll. . William of Shoreham, De B7. Cursor Mundi, ed. Morris, ll.
[add 11372 to the number in the reference ]; 8. Eng. MetricalHomilies, ed. Small (Second Sunday in Advent, Third Sunday after the Octave of Epiphany); 9. The Ayenbiteof Inwyt, ed. Morris, pp. 2639, and p. 262; 1O. Hampole's Prick of Conscience, ll. ,, , 011, ; 11. Minot's Songs, Nos. 3, 4, 7; 12. William of Palerne, ed. Skeat, ll.3381; 13. Alliterative Poems, ed. Morris, Poem B, ll. 51; 14. Mandeville'sTravels, Prologue, part of Chap. 12, and Chap. 26; 15. Piers the Plowman, Atext, Prologue, Passus 1, part ofPass. 2, Pass. 3, Pass. 5, parts of Pass. 6 and 7; 16. Barbour's Bruce, ed. Skeat, Book VII. ll. ;17. Wyclif's translation of St. Mark's Gospel, Chapters 16; Hereford's version of the Psalms, Ps. 14(15),23(24), 102(103); 18. Trevisa's translation of Higden's Polychronicon, lib. i. c. 41, c. 59, lib. vi. c. 29; 19.Chaucer, Man of Law's T 20. Gower's Confessio Amantis, part of Book V.S3.—SPECIMENS OF ENGLISH, Part III, ed. S from A. D. .This book contains extracts from:—1. Pierce the Ploughman's Crede, ll. ,. leve's De Regimine Principum, stanzas 8628; 3. Lydgate, London Lickpenny,and the Storie of Thebes, bk. ii. ll. . James I (of Scotland), the King's Quair, stanzas .Pecock's Represser, pt. i. c. 19; pt. ii. c. 11; 6. Blind Harry's Wallace, bk. i. ll. . Chevy Chase(earlier version); 8. Malory's Morte Darthur, bk. xxi. c. 37; 9. Caxton's History of T 10. The NutbrownM 11. Dunbar, Thistle and Rose, and Poem on being desired to be a F 12. Hawes, Pastime of Pleasure,c. 33; 13. G. Douglas, Prol. to Aneid, 14. Skelton, e Ye Nat to Courte, ll. 756; Philip Sparrow, ll. . Lord Berners, tr. of Froissart, c. 50, c. 130; 16. Tyndale,Obedience of a Christian M 17. More, Dialogue Concerning Heresies, bk. iii. c. 1416; Confutation ofTyndale, bk. 18. Sir T. Elyot, The Governor, bk. i. c. 17, 18; 19. Lord Surrey, tr. of Aneid, bk. ii. ll.0736, 2O. Sir T. Wiat, Three Satires, 21. Latimer, Sermonon the P 22. Sir D. Lyndesay, The Monarchy, bk. iii. ll. ; bk. iv. ll.. N. Udall, Ralph Roister Doister, Act iii. sc. 35; 24. Lord Buckhurst, The I 25.Ascham, The Schoolmaster, bk. 26. Gascoigne, The Steel Glas, ll. ,. Lyly, Euphues and his E 28. Spenser, Shepherd's Calendar, November, December.The remaining eight publications in the Clarendon Press Series which have also been indexed are thosemarked C, C2, C3, W, W2, P, H, and G; i.e. three books containing extracts from Chaucer, two bookscontaining parts of Wyclif's Bible, part of Piers Plowman, Hampole's Psalter, and G the full titles ofwhich are given below.We also give all the important words occurring in CM (Chaucer, ed. Morris); and in addition to this, andfor the purpose of illustration, forms are given from various texts and Dictionaries, and from the Glossaries toB (Bruce), PP (Piers Plowman), and WA (Wars of Alexander).WALTER W. SKEAT.FULL LIST OF AUTHORITIES,WITH EXPLANATIONS OF ABBREVIATIONS.NOTE.—The abbreviations referring to the authorities for the forms of English words (AD. )are printed in italics. (CP = Clarendon Press.)1. Alph.: Alphita, a MedicoBotanical Glossary, ed. Mowat, 1887. CP.2. AngloSaxon Gospels,in AS. and Northumbrian Versions, ed. Skeat.3. Apfelstedt: Lothringischer Psalter (des XIV Jahrhunderts), 1881.4. B: Barbour's Bruce, ed. Skeat, 1870, EETS. (Extra Series xi).5. Bardsley: English Surnames, 1875.A Concise Dictionary of Middle English8播放器加载中，请稍候...
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[简明中古英语词典].A.Concise.Dictionary.of.Middle.English.(1888).(英)A.L.Mayhew.&.Walter.W.Skeat A Concise Dictionary of Middle EnglishA. L. Mayhew and Walter W. SkeatTable of ContentsA Concise Dictionary of Middle English.................................................................................
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