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英语时态区别现在完成进行时与现在完成时语法和结构上有什么区别?为什么往往出题都能看到两种句子后面都可以加since时间点或for时间段?请举例说明!
现在完成时是英文时态的一种现在完成时的用法 have(has)+过去分词(done) 1.现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:已可以吃饭了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 3. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet 4. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions. 5. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year. The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful. 6. 现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性. Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语) Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(同第2点用法第一个例句) 7. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester.
现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法” 1.现在完成时的"完成用法" 现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系. 例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了.(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了.) 现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...,today等)连用. 例如： Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗? 2.现在完成时的"未完成用法" 现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去. 例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿.(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去.) I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了.(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去.) 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now,so far)等. 例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息. 注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词.如：come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等. (2)现在完成时常见两种句型： ①主语＋have / has been＋for短语 ②It is＋一段时间＋ since从句 例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了 一.have/has been doing sth. 1.现在完成进行时 当后面接有一段时间的词时,或是加表示时间的词时,可以用现在完成时.如果这件事现在还在持续或还在做,则可用 现在完成进行时. 如:I have been skating for 4 hours. I have finished my homework. 2.现在完成时的被动语态. 后接动词的过去分词. 如:The building has been built for 5 years. 现在完成进行时的谓语动词构成 I/ we/ you/ they have been workinghe/ she/ it has been working（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去.The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国有2000年的造纸历史.（动作还将继续下去）I have been learning English since three years ago.自从三年前以来我一直在学英语.（动作还将继续下去）（二）表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作.We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了.（动作不在继续下去）（三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子.They have been living in this city for ten years.They have lived in this city for ten years.他们在这个城市已经住了10年了.I have been working here for five years.I have worked here for five years.我在这里已经工作两年了.（四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子.I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）我一直在写一本书.I have written a book.（动作已经完成）我已经写了一本书.They have been building a bridge.他们一直在造一座桥.They have built a bridge.他们造了一座桥.（五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时.I have known him for years.我认识他已经好几年了.* I have been knowing...这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱,like喜欢,hate讨厌,等.比较过去时与现在完成时 1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响. 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语. 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不确定的时间状语 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等. 举例： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了.） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了.） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了.） Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争.） She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了. She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了. He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为.) I have finished my homework now. ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White? ---He's already been sent for. 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时. （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 过去完成时 1） 概念：表示过去的过去 ----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成. 那时以前 那时 现在 2） 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句. She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时；发生在后,用一般过去时. When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as. He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 现在完成进行时 :其构成形式如下： I / we / they have He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下： 1） 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动,如： Ann is very tired. She has been working hard. Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing? 2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动,如： It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下) Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently. 3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在,可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内,重复发生的行动,如： She has been playing tennis since she was eight. 4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响,而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身,如： Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car. The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
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1.75亿学生的选择
英语知识问答 现在完成时 分类讲解 例子定义 类型分析
紫霞05kdIV
现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态.[编辑本段]句型
基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句[编辑本段]过去分词
1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同.四点变化规则：
⑴、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”.
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
⑵、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”.
lived---lived---lived ,
⑶、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”.
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,
play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed
⑷、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”.
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
2 、不规则动词：
原型 过去式 过去分词
burst burst burst
cast cast cast
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt
put put put
set set set
shut shut shut
spread spread spread
beat beat beaten
become became become
run ran run
read read read
read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/
bring brought brought
build built built
burn burnt burnt
dig dug dug
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find fought fought
hold held held
keep kept kept
lay laid laid
lead led led
shoot shot shot
stand stood stood
sweep swept swept
teach taught taught
think thought thought
begin began begun
blow blew blown
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
draw drew drawn
drive drove driven
drink drank drunk
fly flew flown
forgive forgave forgiven
forget forgot forgotten
freeze froze frozen
give gave given
grow grew grown
know knew known
ride rode ridden
rise rose risen
ring rang rung
shake shook shaken
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
swim swam swum
throw threw thrown
write wrote written[编辑本段]用法
（1）定义：现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have no money to spend now.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是:简已经摆桌子.)
Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)
（2）定义： 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
注意： 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,
如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用.
2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
,如already, yet, just, before, recently,still, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet ?
3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,
如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,
如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
5. 现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性.
Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(同第2点用法第一个例句)
6. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.
We have had four texts this semester.
现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”
1.现在完成时的"完成用法"
现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系.
例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了.(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了.)
现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...,today等)连用.
例如： Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?
2.现在完成时的"未完成用法"
现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去.
例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿.(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去.)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了.(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去.)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now,so far)等.
例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息.
注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词.如：come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等.
(2)现在完成时常见两种句型：
②It is＋一段时间＋ since从句
3.一段时间+has passed+since从句
4.主语＋have / has been＋since短语
例如：He has been in the League for three years.
或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了
一.have/has been doing sth.[编辑本段]for和since的运用
for表示及“经历（一段时间）”,而since表示“从……以来”.常见结构：
for+一段时间； since+一段时间+ago； since+一个时间点； since+从句
如：He has stayed here for 3 hours .他留在这儿已经有三个小时了.
He has stayed here since 3 hours ago.他三个小时前就已经留在这儿了.
He has stayed here since 3 o'clock. 他从三点钟一直留在这儿.
He has talled English since he came here .他到这以后就教英语.
1.现在完成进行时
当后面接有一段时间的词时,或是加表示时间的词时,可以用现在完成时.如果这件事现在还在持续或还在做,则可用
现在完成进行时.
如:I have been skating for 4 hours.
I have finished my homework.
2.现在完成时的被动语态.
后接动词的过去分词.
如:The building has been built for 5 years.
二.一般现在时:用动词原形
一般过去时:用动词的过去式
一般将来时:will/shall+do
is/am/are going to do
过去将来时:could/would do
现在完成时:have/has done
过去完成时:had done
将来完成时:shall have done
过去将来完成时:would/could have done
现在进行时:is/am/are doing
过去进行时:was/were doing
将来进行时:will/shall be doing
过去将来进行时:would/could be doing
现在完成进行时:have/has been doing
过去完成进行时:had been doing
将来完成进行时:shall have been doing
过去将来完成进行时:would have been doing
此时态一般在中学学习[编辑本段]一般过去时和现在完成时
（ 1 ）、一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词 have/ has + 过去分词”.
(2) 、一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用.如： yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和 these days ,this week ,since ., for . 等表示一段时间的状语连用.
试比较以下几组句子,有什么区别：
① A:Have you seen the film ?
B:Did you see the film ?
分析：你看过这部电影吗?（ A ）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；（ B ）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容.
② A:How has he done it ?
B:How did he do it ?
分析：他是怎么做的这件事?（ A ）句强调的是他做着件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；（ B ）句单纯的询问做这件事的方式.
③ A:He has lived in Beijing for 8 years .
B:He lived in Beijing for 8 years .
分析：他在北京住了 8 年.（ A ）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年,可能还会继续在北京住下去.（ B ）句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年,现在已经不在北京了.
（2）现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果,而一般过去时与现在没有联系,只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去.
比：I have washed the car. 我洗过了车.（看上去很漂亮）
I washed the car a moment ago. 我刚才洗过车了.
She has watered the flowers. 她已经浇了花.（不需要再浇了）
She watered the flowers yesterday. 她昨天浇的花.
I have written the letter but I haven't posted it yet. 信我已经写好了,但还没有寄出.
I wrote the letter last week and I posted it three days ago. 我上周写的那封信,3天前寄出的.
（3）现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去,而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历.
比：It has rained for five hours. 雨已经下了5个小时了.
It rained for live hours yesterday. 昨天下了5个小时的雨.
He has waited for her for two hours. 他等她已经两个小时了.
He waited for her two hours and then went home. 他等她等了两个小时,然后就回家了.
I have reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我已经复习了两课.（说话时还在上午）
I reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我复习了两课.（说话时已是下午或晚上）
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现在完成时的提问对现在完成时的特殊提问,用哪些提问词?如：We have lived in that apartment building since 1990.对“since 1990" 的提问,用哪个疑问词?对现在完成时时间的提问用哪些疑问词?
守望相依ぃ88
How long have you lived in that apartmeng building?"since 1990"表示从1990开始到现在这么长的一段时间,对一段时间的提问应该用How long.用when 提问意思是你什么时候做过某事.就你那问题如果用when来提问,回答应该是in 1990
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