夯实基础（三）
第十一讲 八年级(下) Units
新课标要求
1. pollution→v.污染 pollute
2．fly→n.航班 flight
3．probably→(同义词)
maybe/perhaps
4．predict→n.预言 prediction
5．unpleasant→(反义词)
adj.令人愉快的；惬意的 pleasant→adj.高兴的；愉快的
pleased→n.高兴；愉快 pleasure
6．huge→(同义词) large
7．possible→(反义词)
impossible→adv.possibly
8．out of style→(反义短语) in
9．surprise→adj.惊奇的
surprised→adj. 令人惊奇的 surprising
10．fail→n.失败
failure→(反义词)v.成功 succeed
11．return→(同义短语)give back
12．organized→v.组织
1.fall in love
with爱上(某人或某物)
2．go skating去滑冰
3．be able to 有能力做某事；会做某事
true(希望等)实现；达到
5．in the future未来；将来
6．hundreds of大量；许多
7．keep out不让……进入
8．argue with sb. about sth.
就某事同某人争吵
9．call sb. up打电话给……
10．on the phone在通话；用电话交谈
for付……账；付买……的钱
12．the same
as与……同样的
13．get on相处；进展
14．fit...in...找到时间(做某事)
15．as... as possible尽可能……
16．all kinds of 各种各样的
17．on the one
hand(在)一方面
18．on the other
hand(在)另一方面
重点句型整理
1.Will there be less pollution?
2．—What's wrong?
—My clothes are out of style.
3．—What should I do?
—You could write him a letter.
1．Do you think
there_will_be robots in people's
你认为人们家里将会有机器人吗？(Unit 1)
本句是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，其中宾语从句是there
be句式的一般将来时。
①There
be表示“某处/某时有某人/某物”，此处的“有”表示存在关系，其主语在There
be后面。当主语是单数名词或不可数名词时，be动词用is或was；主语为复数名词时，be动词用are或were。但当主语为多个名词时，be动词的选择采取就近原则，即与离它最近的名词一致。如：
There is a book and two rulers on the
desk.& 桌子上有一本书和两把尺子。
There are two rulers and a book on the desk.
桌子上有两把尺子和一本书。
②There be句型的一般将来时，可用There will
be或There is/are going to be...表示，如：
There will/is going to be a basketball match this
evening. 今晚将有一场篮球赛。
③There
be句型中就主语提问用What's...如：
There's a_picture on the
wall.& 墙上有幅画。
What's on the
墙上有什么？
④There
be句型的反意疑问句中附加疑问句为“be动词的
肯定/否定形式＋there？”。如：
There are few people in the park，are
公园里几乎没有人，对吗？
2．Will people use money
in_100_years?&&
一百年以后人们还使用钱吗？(Unit 1)
years意为“一百年以后”，“in＋一段时间”常用于将来时的句子中，意为“在(一段时间)之后”，表示从现在算起多长时间之后，对此提问要用how
soon。如：
—How soon will he be
back？——多久他才回来？
—He will be back in two days.——他两天后回来。
【辨析】 in与after
①in表示以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后，常用于表示将来的时态中。
②after也表示“在(一段时间)之后”，但多表示过去的一段时间之后，通常用于表示过去的时态中。但若表示将来某一时刻之后，要用after而不能用in。如：
Mr. Brown will fly to Beijing in 3
hours.& 三小时后布朗先生将飞往北京。
After half an hour，the boys went to play
soccer.& 半小时后，男孩们去踢足球了
She will finish the work after 6
o'clock.&&
她将在六点后完成那项工作。
3．I'll live in
Shanghai，because I went to Shanghai
last year and fell_in_love_with
it.我要住在上海，因为去年我去了趟上海，并喜欢上了那个地方。(Unit 1)
(1)because引导的原因状语从句，表示“对方未知的原因”。通常用来回答why引导的特殊疑问句，因果关系强，从句可置于主句之前也可置于主句之后。如：
Because there was a lot of traffic，I was late
for school yesterday.
昨天因为交通拥挤，我上学迟到了。
(2)fall in love
with是一个固定短语，意为“喜欢；爱上”，通常指突然间爱上某人或某物。如：
They fell in love with each other.&
他们相爱了。
4．...because I don't like living
alone.……因为我不喜欢一个人住。(Unit 1)
【辨析】 alone与lonely
①alone既可用作副词(单独地；独自地＝by
oneself)，也可用作形容词(单独的；独身的)，表示客观情况。
②lonely只能作形容词，表示人主观上感到“孤独的”，感情色彩浓厚；也可修饰地点，意为“人迹稀少的；荒凉的”。如：
Mr. Read lives alone in the lonely village，but
he is never lonely.
里德先生寡居于偏僻的村庄中却从未感到孤单。
5．Some scientists believe that there will be
such robots in the future.
有些科学家相信未来将会有这样的机器人。(Unit 1)
【辨析】 such与so
such用来修饰名词；so用来修饰形容词或副词。两词均可以与that从句连用。
& We had such a boring weekend. == We had so
boring a weekend. 这个周末我们过得很无聊。
It's a waste of time to ask so many people to do so little
让这么多的人干这么少的活真是浪费时间。
6．Everyone else in my class was invited
except me...
除了我以外，我班其他人都受到了邀请……(Unit 2)
except，besides与but
①except“不包括；除……之外”，不包含后边的内容，前面常用表示整体的词。
②besides“除……之外(还有)”，包括后面的内容。
③but可与except换用，但but常与no
one，nobody，nothing，all，everyone，everything等连用。
They all went to the zoo except
除了汤姆，他们都去了动物园。
What other sports do you play besides
除了足球，你还做哪些运动？
There is nothing but a desk in the
room.& 房间里除了一张课桌外，什么也没有。
7．I'm very upset and don't know
what_to_do.
我很苦恼，不知道该怎么办。(Unit 2)
do是动词不定式的复合结构，其结构为“疑问代词/副词＋动词不定式”，它表示一个完整的意义，在本句中作宾语。“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。如：
When to start is
unknown.何时开始还不知道。(作主语)
The boy wanted to know when to leave.&
这个男孩想知道什么时候离开。(作宾语)
The question is how to get there.,&
问题是如何到那儿。(作表语)
Could you tell me how to get to the
你能告诉我如何到博物馆吗？(作宾补)
do意为“怎么做”，do后面要接宾语；而what
do中的what作do的宾语，故do后不能再加宾语。如：
I don't know how to do it.&
我不知道如何去做这件事。
I don't know what to do.&
我不知道做什么。
8．She's really nice，and we
get_on well，but she always borrows my
things.她非常好，并且我们相处得很好，但是她总是借我的东西。(Unit 2)
①get on＝get
along相处；进展；与……合得来
②get on/along well with sb.与某人相处得好
③get on/along well with sth.某事进展得好
④How are you getting on/along with
sb./sth.?&
你与某人相处得怎样？/某事进展如何？
How does Gina get on with her
friends?&&
吉娜与她的朋友相处得怎么样？
He's new here，but he seems to be getting on
fine. 他是新来的，但他好像挺适应的。
on也表示“上车”，反义短语为get
八年级下(1～2单元)
(训练时间：60分钟分值：100分)
基础知识过关
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(9分)
1．My clothes _____ (be) out of style.
2．My dad didn't allow me _________
(argue)with my mom.
3．The old man doesn't like my _____ __
(sister)clothes and haircut.
4．They can work out the problems by
_____ _____ (them).
5．In 100 years，people __________
(work)on a space station.
6．In 1863 Lincoln gave _____ ___(free)
to all American slaves.
7．So far, man has _____ (send) many
man&made satellites to the moon.
8．How many ____________ (toothbrush)
does your family need?
9．I think there will be _______ (few)trees in
the future.
二、根据汉语提示补全句子(16分)
1．暖和的衣服可以御风寒。& Warm clothing
will _________ the cold.
2．他将要为这种愚蠢行为而受报应。 He will have to
_________ this foolish behavior.
3．他一到上海就爱上了这个地方。 He ______________ it as soon
as he arrived in Shanghai.
4．那个农场主在他的农场里养了几百头猪。The farmer keeps
____________ pigs on his farm.
5．他的理想迟早会实现。His dream will __________
sooner or later.
6．这两位同志相处得很好。The two comrades ________
very well together.
7．也许我们该学会自己做事。Maybe we ____________ to do
things ____________.
8．现在的中学生压力不是太大了。Students in high schools today
are not under ____________
三、句型转换(15分)
getting_a_cold.(就画线部分提问)&&
_____________ with him?
2．We get on well with our
classmates.(就画线部分提问)
_____ do you _____ on with your
classmates?
3．Maybe you should telephone
him.(改为同义句)&& Maybe
you should _____ him ___.
4．My mother will come back home
in_two_months.(就画线部分提问)
___________ will your mother come back home?
5．The girl will be a doctor when she grows
up.(改为一般疑问句)
_____ the girl _____ a doctor when she grows
综合能力提高
一、单项选择(10分)
1．(2011·沈阳)I don't know the
city.Where can I find ________ good restaurant?
&&&&&&&&&&B．an&&&&&&&&&&
C．the&&&&&&&&&&&
【解析】冠词的用法。第一次提到的事物一般用不定冠词a或an，第二次提到或特指的一般用定冠词the，从本句的表达可知，是第一次提到，故答案为A。
2．Teenagers have all kinds of dreams.
________， some students would like to go to the moon
once&&&&&&
fact&&&&&&
D．For example
【解析】考查短语辨析。after
all“归根结底，毕竟”；at
once“立刻，马上”；in
fact“事实上”；for
example“例如”。故选D。
3．It's a good habit ________ breakfast every
A．had&&&&&&&&
B．have&&&&&&
C．has&&&&&&&&
D．to have
【解析】考查固定结构。It's a good habit to do
sth.意为“干某事是一个好习惯”，故选D。
4．—Is Jim at home by himself?
—No. There's another boy ________ with him.
A．playing&&&&
B．play&&&&&&
C．plays&&&&&&
D．to play
【解析】考查现在分词作后置定语的用法。playing在句中作后置定语，句意为“吉姆一个人在家吗？”“不，另一个男孩正在和他一起玩。”故选A。
5．—Excuse me, is this seat taken?
—________.That man got his books and left a few minutes
A．I'm afraid so&
B．I don't think
C．I don't know&&
D．I hope not
【解析】考查交际用语。由问句“打扰了，这个座位被占了吗？”和答语“那个人拿着书几分钟前离开了。”可知，选B。
6．—My parents always tell me ________ others
late at night.
—They're right. It's not polite.
A．call&&&&
call&&&&&&
C．to call& D．not to
【解析】考查动词不定式的用法。tell sb.to do
sth.意为“告诉某人干某事”，其否定形式为tell
sb.not to do sth.故选D。
7．(2011·凉山)—I don‘t know the new
—It doesn't matter，you can ________ in the
dictionary.
A．look up
B．look it
C．look for it
【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。look
for的意思是“寻找”；look
up的意思是“查字典”，跟代词时应该放在look与up的中间，句意“你可以在字典中查一下它”，因此答案为B项。
8．(2011·昆明)—Excuse
me，this shirt is too big for me.Would you mind giving
me a smaller one?
—________.Here you are.
A．Certainly&&&&&&
B．You'd better
D．You're welcome
【解析】考查交际用语。由Here you
are.知道对方并不介意。【答案】C
9．(2011·凉山)He doesn't tell me
________.Can you tell me his address?
A．where he
lives&& B．where
does he live&&
C．where he lives in
【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句的语序为陈述语序，表示住在某地用live，where在句中作状语，不需要介词in，故选A。
10．(2011·沈阳)—I wonder ________
like to be an astronaut(宇航员)．
—I don't know，but I imagine it's
A．what is
B．what it
C．whether is it&
D．whether it is
【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。句意“我想知道作为一名宇航员是什么样子的。”wonder后面接宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序，故选B。
四、书面表达(20分)
(2011·潍坊)假设你是某英文杂志的“知心姐姐”(Agony
Sister)，Helen，请阅读下面的这封求助信，并根据信的内容写一封回信。
1．80词左右；
2．文中不要出现作者本人的真实信息。
Dear Helen，
Last Sunday，my classmates and I went to the
park.I wanted to take some photos.My father was out at that
time，so I took his camera without telling
him.Unfortunately，the camera went out of my bag and
dropped on the ground when I was climbing the hill.It didn't work
at all.I put it back quietly after I returned home.And I haven't
told him till now.When
I face to my father，I feel terrible.What should
Dear David，
First，I think you'd better tell your father
immediately. If you tell him the truth，he'll be angry
with you. But at least you'll prove how honest you are. Then I
think you should offer to pay. But you shouldn't use your pocket
money. Yes，a camera is expensive， and
maybe you can't afford it. If you offer to do some jobs around the
house，he'll realize
that you're truly sorry. Oh，remember to be
careful next time.
Best wishes，
第十二讲 八年级(下) Units
新课标要求
1. strange→n.陌生人 stranger
2．follow→adj.下列的
3．amazing→adj.感到惊异的
amazed→(同义词)adj.令人惊奇的
surprising
4．happen→(同义短语) take
5．bright→adv.明亮地 brightly
6．close→adj.关闭的
closed→(反义词)v.打开 open
7．recent→adv.最近；近来
8．meaning→v.意思是；意味；打算
9．mad→(同义词)adj. angry
10．true→adv.真实地
truly→n.真相
truth→(同义词)adj.真的 real
11．disappointing→adj.失望的；扫兴的
disappointed
12．own→n.物主；拥有者 owner
13．danger→adj.危险的
dangerous→(反义词)n.安全 safety
1. get out 出去；离开
2．take off 起飞
3．run away 逃跑；跑掉
4．come in 进来
5．hear about 听说
6．as...as
像……(一样)
7．be mad at sb.生某人的气
8．first of all 首先
9．pass on 传递
10．be supposed to
被期望或被要求……
11．do well in
在……方面做得好
12．in good health 身体健康
13．get over 克服；恢复；原谅
14．open up 打开
15．care for 照料；照顾
1.The boy was walking down the street when the UFO
2．While the girl was shopping，the
alien got out.
3．—What did she say?
—She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday
1．The boy was walking down the street
when the UFO landed.
当飞碟着陆时，那个男孩正在街上走。
While the boy was walking down the
street，the UFO landed.
当男孩正在街上走时，飞碟着陆了。(Unit 3)
【辨析】 when与while
when和while这两个词都有“当……的时候”之意，都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同，使用时要特别注意。
①when意为“在……时刻或时期”，它兼指“时间点”与“时间段”，所引导的从句的谓语动词既可以是终止性动词，又可以是持续性动词。如：
When I came into the classroom，they were
reading.& 我进教室时，他们正在读书。
When she was young，she liked playing
tennis.&&&
她年轻时喜欢打网球。
②while只指“时间段”，不指“时间点”，从句的谓语动词只限于持续性动词。如：
While I was watching TV，she knocked at the
door.& 我正在看电视时，她来敲门。
【拓展】 持续性动词就是表示可以持续发生一段时间的动作
的动词，如wait，talk，sleep，walk，read等。它可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：for
days等。终止性动词指动作瞬间完成，如：stop，open，join等，它不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
while作连词时也可理解为“然而”，表示转折关系；while作名词表示“一会儿；一段时间”。如：
I like pears while my brother doesn't.&
我喜欢梨，弟弟却不喜欢。(连词)
The rain will fall in no
while.&&&&&&&&
马上就要下雨了。(名词)
2．What was the girl doing when the UFO
当飞碟起飞时，那个女孩在干什么？(Unit 3)
off在本句中的含义为“起飞”，反义词为land，意为“降落”。take
off还有“脱下(衣帽等)”之意，反义短语为put
on，意为“穿上”。如：
Peter took off the old jacket and put on a new one.
彼得脱下了旧夹克，又穿上了一件新的。
Whenever a plane lands at the airport，another
one will take off at the same time.
每当一架飞机降落在这座机场时，另一架飞机会在同一时间起飞。
3．You can imagine
how_strange_it_was!&
你可以想象那有多奇怪吧！(Unit 3)
此复合句中的感叹句how strange it was
是宾语从句，作动词imagine的宾语。感叹句表示说话时的惊异、喜悦、赞扬和气愤等情绪，这类句子常用what或how引导。
常见感叹句式：
What＋a/an＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
What＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
What＋adj.＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
What a beautiful mountain it is！
多么美丽的山啊！
What great inventions he has made！
他的发明多么伟大啊！
What bad weather it is today！
今天的天气多么糟糕啊！
How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
How clever a boy he is！
多么聪明的男孩！
How quickly Tom runs！
汤姆跑得真快！
4.What happened while Linda was on the telephone?
琳达在打电话时发生了什么事？(Unit 3)
【辨析】 happen与take place
两者都可以译为“发生”。
①happen指偶然发生，具有不可预测性，主语一般是某物/某事。表示“某人发生了什么事”时用sth.happen
sb.。happen还可以表示“碰巧”，常用sb.＋happen＋to
do sth.和It
happens＋that从句两种结构。
②take place指事先计划好或预先布置而发生，指某种确定事件。
happen和take
都没有被动语态。
What happened to him？& 他怎么了？
Great changes have taken place in my
hometown.&&
我的家乡发生了很大的变化。
I happened to know his brother.
＝It happened that I knew his
brother.&&
我碰巧认识他弟弟。
5．Lana said she would bring some drinks
and snacks to Marcia's house.
拉娜说她要带些饮料和小吃去马西娅家。(Unit 4)
take，bring，carry，get与fetch
这五个动词都有“拿；带”的意思，但用法各不相同：
①take(...to...)“拿去；带去”，指把某物(人)从说话处带到别处，它与bring所表示的方向相反。注意take在购物时可代替buy表示“买”。
②bring(...to...)“带来；拿来”，指把某物(人)从别处带到说话人所在的地方。
③carry“提；拿”，不强调方向性，但有负重之意。
④get“拿来；取来”，与fetch同义，指到别处去把某物(人)带来，常用在口语中，强调的是动作的往返。
Mother was ill yesterday，so I took her to
&昨天妈妈病了，因此我带她去了医院。
Bring the sugar to
给我拿糖来。
Let me help you carry the
box！&& 让我帮你搬这个箱子吧！
Get/Fetch me a glass of
去给我倒杯水来。
6．You were_supposed_to
meet at the bus stop this morning to return it...
你应当今天早上在车站见面以归还它……(Unit 4)
suppose意为“假定；认为；如果”，其用法如下：
①suppose＋(that)从句。如：
I suppose that he can finish the work on
time.& 我认为他能按时完成那项工作。
②suppose＋宾语＋宾补(不定式、形容词或介词短语)。如：
I suppose him to be over twenty.&
我猜他二十多岁了。
③be supposed
to意为“理应；应当”，后跟动词原形，相当于should，用来表示劝告、建议、义务等。在否定句中用be
not supposed to do
sth.，意为“不准做某事；不应当做某事”，表示命令和禁止，相当于be
not allowed to do sth.。如：
You're not supposed to smoke on the bus.
＝You're not allowed to smoke on the
bus.& 你不应该在公共汽车上吸烟。
①suppose后接宾语从句时，如果从句是表示否定意义的句子，要否定主句。如：
I don't suppose he will come
here.&& 我想他不会来这儿的。
②suppose可引导条件状语从句，作用相当于if。如：
Suppose it rains，what will
&如果下雨，会发生什么？
7．I said that was OK and that I was sure she
would get_over it.
我说好，并且我相信她会想开的。(Unit 4)
over意为“克服；恢复”。如：
How did you get over that problem?&
你们是怎样克服那个难题的？
It took me a very long time to get over the shock of her
我花了很长时间才从她死亡的震惊中恢复过来。
【拓展】 over构成的短语还有：
go over复习；look over检查；turn
over翻转；翻身。
over意为“克制；控制；恢复”时为“动词＋介词”结构，宾语只能放在get
over之后；look over，turn
over为“动词＋副词”结构，当宾语为代词时，只能置于中间。
八年级下(3～4单元)
(训练时间：60分钟分值：100分)
基础知识过关
一、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词(10分)
1．What h________ while you were watching
2．You are not s________ to talk loudly here.The
child is sleeping.
3．Don't c____ others' homework，do
it by yourself.
4．This is my o___ car.I bought it last
5．You speak too quickly，I can't
f______ you.
6．Where is my school ID card？I
can't find it a_________.
7．He r____ his bicycle to school
yesterday.
8．Remember to r______ the library books
9．I h______ the news just two hours
10．The shop c_______ on weekends.It only
opens from Monday to Friday.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空(14分)
1．When I _________ (arrive) in
Shanghai，it was dark.
2．What _____ you ______ (do) when
your father came back?
3．While I was ________(take) a walk in
the park，I ____ (see) some birds in the
4．Mary told me that she ___ (be) going
to have a birthday party for her mother.
5．He said he ___________ (not be) angry
with his friends anymore.
6．They felt ______ (luck) to be
volunteers.
7．There're lots of national ________
(hero) in Chinese history.
三、句型转换(6分)
walking_down_the_street when the UFO
landed.(就画线部分提问)
___________ you ______ when the UFO
2．He watched TV last night.(用at
this time yesterday改写句子)
He _____________TV at this time yesterday.
3．My mother was cooking when my father came
back.(用while改写句子)
_______ my mother _____________
，my father came back.
4．“I'm going& to your house on
Sunday afternoon，”he said to
me.(改为间接引语)
He _____ me ________ going to my house on
Sunday afternoon.
5．He said，“The earth goes around
the sun.”(改为间接引语)
He ______ the earth _____________ the
6．I suppose she will come to the
party.(改为否定句)
I _____________ she _____ come to the
综合能力提高
一、单项选择(10分)
1．(2011·昆明)Waiter，the
porridge ________.Please take it away.
B．taste good&&
C．taste terrible&
D．tastes terrible
【解析】考查系动词的用法。从主谓一致来看容易排除B、C。从Please
take it away可知稀饭尝起来不好。
2．(2011·凉山)—Look at the sign.What
does it mean?
—It means “________”．
talking&& B．No
talking&& C．Not
【解析】考查句式结构的用法。表示“不要说话”可以使用Don't
talking.两种形式，故选B。
3．Many students are easy to get ________ before
exams or contests.
A．relaxed&&&&&&&
B．nervous&&&&
C．amazing&&&&&&&
【解析】考查形容词辨析。relaxed“放松的”；nervous“紧张的，焦虑的”；amazing“迷惑的，不解的”；alone“孤单的”。句意为“很多学生考试或比赛前容易焦虑。”故选B。
4．(2011·百色)It's raining heavily
outside.Why don't you ________ your raincoat?
C．take off& D．to take
【解析】考查短语辨析。put on“穿上”，take
off“脱下”，“Why don't
you＋动词原形？”意思是“你为什么不……？”用来表示提建议，根据句子的意思，故选A。
5．He is good ________ English while his sister
does well ________ Chinese.
【解析】考查固定短语。be good
at意思是“擅长”；do well
in意思是“在……方面做得好”。句意是“他擅长英语，而他妹妹擅长汉语。”故选A。
6．—Have your parents got back from New
—Yes. They ________ home last Sunday.
A．got&&&&&
B．came&&&&&
C．returned&&&&
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。get“到达，抵达”；come“来，过来”；return“返回，回来”；go“去；离开”。句意是“你父母从纽约回来了吗？”“是的，他们上周日回家的。”故选C。
7．—Is your Chinese teacher pleased with your
—Yes. He said ________.
A．I was a little
B．he was very hard&working
C．it was so
difficult&&&&
D．I was hard&working
【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。句意为“你的汉语老师对你的课程满意吗？”“是的，他说我很用功。”将其他选项代入题干，A项“我有点懒”；B项“他很用功”；C项“它很难”均不符合题意，根据上句的意思可知，选D。
8．(2011·广元)English ________ more
and more widely(广泛)today.So we must learn it
A．uses&&&&&
【解析】考查动词语态。根据句意“如今英语越来越被广泛地应用。”可知要用一般现在时被动语态，其构成：is/am/are＋动词过去分词。故选C。
9．(2011·德州)—I really hope to get
in touch with Tony.
—Sorry，I don't know ________.
A．why he loves
China&&&&&&&&&
B．how he returned to Canada
C．what his phone number
&D．where he studied Chinese
【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句应该用陈述句语序，又根据问句句意“我非常想和托尼取得联系”及答语“Sorry”可知，不知道联系方式。故选C。
10．You shouldn't do such things again, young
man. ________， you are not a child any
A．First of
D．Above all
【解析】考查短语辨析。first of
all“首先”；after
all“毕竟，终究，别忘了”；all
over“到处，全部”；above all
“最重要的”。句意为“你不应该再做这种事情了，年轻人。毕竟，你已经不是小孩子了。”故选B。
二、完形填空(15分)
Our neighborhood used to be very
quiet.However，these days，__1__
things are happening in our neighborhood and everyone is
unhappy.Zhao Jun，the local school teacher is
extremely __2__.When he was interviewed by the local
newspaper，he said，“Every night we hear
strange noises __3__ our window.My wife thinks that it could
be an __4__，but my friends and I think it must
be teenagers having __5__.My parents called the
police，but they can't __6__ anything
strange.They think it might be the __7__.I don't think
Zhao Jun's next door neighbor Xiang Dan is __8__
，too.“At first，I thought it might be a
cat，but I can't see a cat，and I still
hear the noises outside.”Everyone in our neighborhood is
worried，and everyone has his or her own
__9__.There must be something __10__ the homes in our
neighborhood，but what is it?
1．A.interesting&&&
B．exciting&&&
C．strange&&&&&&&
D．terrible
【解析】由题意“然而，最近奇怪的事情在我们的居民区发生了……”可知选C。
2．A.worried&
B．pleased&
C．satisfied&
D．relaxed
【解析】由题意“……当地学校的老师很担心这件事”可知选A。
B．outside&
【解析】由题意“每晚我们都听到窗外有奇怪的声音”可知选B。
4．A.actor&
B．accident&
C．object&
【解析】由题意“我妻子认为那可能是一种动物……”可知选D。
5．A.trouble&
C．lessons&
【解析】由题意“……但我朋友和我认为一定是孩子取闹”可知选B。
6．A.find&
C．make& D．feel
【解析】由题意“……但他们没有发现奇怪的东西”可知选A。
7．A.water&
B．laughter&
【解析】由题意“他们认为是风声”可知选D。
8．A.nervous&
B．surprised&
C．unhappy&
【解析】此处指“老师的邻居也不高兴”，故选C。
9．A.ways&
B．matters&
C．habits&
【解析】由题意“……人们都有各自的观点”可知选D。
10．A.cleaning&
B．visiting&
C．breaking&
【解析】由题意“肯定有东西拜访这些家庭……”可知选B。
三、阅读理解(15分)
(2011·烟台)Bill Gates is head of the software
company Microsoft and one of the world's richest men.He was born on
October 28,1955 and grew up in Seattle with his two sisters.He was
a very bright boy.Science and math were his two favorite subjects
at school.And he dreamed of being a scientist.
Bill first started to play on computers at the age of 13.At
that time，a computer was a very large machine.Once he
was interested in a very old computer.He and some of his friends
spent as much time as possible on computers.In the
end，they worked out a software program.Bill sold it
for 4,200 dollars when he was only 17.
&In 1973，Bill went to Harvard
University.In 1975，Bill and his partners developed a
software program called BASIC.This was not the first program ever
created，but its inventors were the first to decide
that people who wanted to use it should pay for it.BASIC was a
success.Then Bill left Harvard to work for
Microsoft，a company he started in 1975 with his
boyhood friend Paul Allen.They thought the computer would come into
every office and every home soon.So they began developing software
for& personal computers.They improved the software
to make it easier for people to use computers.After many years of
hard work，Microsoft becomes one of the most
successful companies.And Bill Gates also becomes one of the richest
businessmen in the world.
根据文章内容将信息卡补充完整。
Information about Bill Gates
birth：__October_28,1955__
position：__Head_of_Microsoft__
Dream job in the childhood：1.________
Thing first done in 1968：2.________
Name of the software program：3.________
Reason for developing personal
software：4.________
Achievements：5.________
1．(a)scientist 【解析】由第一段最后一句“And
he dreamed of being a scientist.”知他的理想是成为一名科学家。
2．He/Bill(first)started to play on
computers./Starting to play on computers.
【解析】由第二段第一句“Bill first started to play on computers at
the age of 13.”及他的出生时间知他1968年首次接触电脑。
3．Basic/BASIC 【解析】由第三段中“In
1975，Bill and his partners developed a software
program called BASIC.”知这个软件的名字叫BASIC。
4．They thought the computer would come into
every office and every home soon.
【解析】弄清题目要求“开发私人软件的原因”便能从原文中直接找到答案。
5．Microsoft becomes one of the most successful
companies.Bill Gates also becomes one of the richest businessmen in
the world.
【解析】题目要求中“achievements”意为“成就，伟绩”，全文最后两句话便是对比尔·盖茨及微软公司成就的评价。
五、书面表达(20分)
李老师想了解班级同学的状况， 请你根据下面的内容要求， 给李老师写一封信，
说明自己的情况。
内容要点：
1．学习任务重， 睡眠不足，缺少体育活动。同学间缺乏沟通和交流；
2．在家不允许看电视、上网、 听音乐等。
Dear Ms Li，
I'm very glad to write to you. I have a lot of troubles
these days. Every day I have a lot of homework to do. I don't have
enough time to sleep. I nearly have no time to do sports. My
friends and I can hardly find time to talk, or play together. When
I get back home from school, I'm not allowed to watch TV, surf the
Internet or listen to my favourite music. I feel worried about
myself. I don't know what I should do. Could you please give me
some suggestions?
Best wishes.
Zhang Meng
第十三讲 八年级(下) Units
新课标要求
1. against→(反义词)prep.支持；拥护
2．injured→v.受伤 injure
3．explain→n.解释
explanation
4．collect→n.搜集
collection→n.搜集者 collector
5．skate→n.溜冰者
skater→v.溜冰 skate
6．European→n.欧洲 Europe
7．Russian→n.俄罗斯 Russia
8．Australian→n.澳大利亚
9．foreigner→adj.外国的
10．quite→(同义词)adv.很；非常
11．certain→adv.确定地
12．miss→adj.丢失的 missing
1.have a great time 玩得愉快
2．take away 拿走
3．around the world 在世界各地
4．make a living 谋生
5．all the time 一直；总是
6．a pair of skates 一双溜冰鞋
7．run out of 用完；用尽
8．by the way 顺便一提；附带说说
9．be interested in
对……感兴趣
10．the capital of
……的首都；……的省会
11．let sb. in
让……进来
12．get injured 受伤
13．get an education 受教育
14．have a difficult time doing sth.
做某事有困难
1.If you go to the party，you'll have a great
2．—How long have you been skating?
&& —I've been skating since
nine o'clock.
3．—How long did you skate?
&& —I skated for two
1．If you become a professional
athlete，you'll be able to
make_a_living doing something you
love.如果你成为一名职业运动员，你就可以做你喜爱做的事来谋生。(Unit 5)
make a living
(by)意为“(以……)谋生”，介词by后面可接名词、代词、动词&ing形式，有时by也可以省略。如：
The young woman makes a living by
singing.& 这个年轻的妇女以唱歌为生。
2．—How long have you been skating?
—I’ve been skating
since_nine_o’clock.&
——从九点钟起我一直在滑冰。
—I've been skating
for_five_hours.&&&&&&&
——我已经滑了五个小时了。(Unit 6)
【辨析】 since与for
①since意为“自……以来”，所表示的是一个时间点，既可作介词，后接时间名词或短语；也可作连词，引导时间状语从句，前面的谓语动词或主句的谓语动词必须是延续性的且句子用完成时态，从句用一般过去时态。如：
Mr.Brown has worked in that factory since 1998.
自1998年以来，布朗先生就在那家工厂工作了。
I have been collecting stamps since I was five years
我自五岁起就一直在收集邮票。
②for作介词，后面接时间段，多用于完成时态，句中的谓语动词用延续性动词。如：
I have had the dictionary for 2 weeks.&
这本字典我买了两个星期了。
对since短语或从句及for短语提问用how
long。如：
Lucy has been swimming
since_she_was_10.(对划线部分提问)
How long has Lucy been swimming？
3．...students are skating to
raise_money for charity.
……学生们正在滑冰来为慈善机构筹集资金。(Unit 6)
raise意为“筹集；筹募”。另外还有“举起；抬高；养育”之意。
【辨析】 raise与rise
这两个词都有“举起；上升”的意思，但用法不同：
①raise是及物动词，后面一定要有宾语。说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的。
②rise是不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语。说明主语自身移向较高的位置。
On Monday morning，we were watching the children
raising the national flag，and we saw it rising slowly
in the wind.
星期一早上，我们在观看孩子们升国旗，我们看到国旗在风中徐徐升起。
4．My mom says I have to
stop，because we've
run_out_of_room to store them.
妈妈说我必须停下来，因为我们已经没有空间去储存它们了。(Unit 6)
(1)【辨析】run out of与run out
①run out
of“用完；用尽”，主语通常是人，与use
up意思相同；run out
of还可以表示“从……跑了出来”。
②run
out“(时间、金钱、事物等)用尽；用完”，此时主语是时间、金钱等。
Tom has run out of all the money.&
汤姆已经花光了所有的钱。
The ink has run out.墨水已经用完了。
(2)room在本句中是不可数名词，意为“空间”，此外，它还可作可数名词，意为“房间”。如：
The table takes up too much room in this
room.& 这张桌子占去了这个房间太多的空间。
5．In fact，the first Jews probably
came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years
ago...实际上，第一批犹太人大约在一千多年前就来到了开封……(Unit 6)
thousand的用法：
①thousand是基数词，意为“千”，在表示确切的数字时，不能使用复数形式，且后面不能加of。如：
There are two thousand students in our
school.& 我校有两千名学生。
②thousand作基数词表示不确定的数字时，意为“成千上万的”，这时要用复数形式，且后面还要加of。如：
Thousands of trees must be planted every
每年必须种植成千上万棵树。
some，several，many等可以用来修饰thousands
of，与thousand用法相同的词还有：hundred，million，billion等。
口诀：具体数字用单数；模糊数字用复数，后面还要跟of。
6．For a foreigner like
me，the_more I learn about
Chinese history，the_more I enjoy
living in China.&&
对于像我这样的一个外国人来说，对中国的历史了解越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。(Unit 6)
“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”这种结构，表示“越……，就越……”。如：
The busier he is，the happier he
他越忙，越感到高兴。
The more，the
better.&&&
越多越好。
【拓展】 比较级的用法：
①主语＋谓语(系动词)＋比较级＋than＋比较对象。
②“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构，表示“越来越……”。
③比较级前可用much，a
lot，still，a
little，even等修饰，来加强比较的语气。
Lily's room is bigger than
莉莉的房间比我的大。
It's getting warmer and warmer in
春天天气变得越来越暖和。
It is much colder today than
yesterday.&&
今天比昨天冷得多。
八年级下(5～6单元)
(训练时间：60分钟分值：100分)
基础知识过关
一、根据所给的汉语提示及句意写出单词(4分)
1．There were some beautiful _______
(鲜花) in a glass of water on the table.
2．We had great difficulty in
_________(筹集) the money.
3．I wrote him _______(几个) letters
but he didn't answer.
4．Are you for it or
_________(反对) it?
5．My gloves are worn out, I’m going to buy a
new ______(双)．
6．You must put a
______(邮票) on the envelope before you post
7．I've __________(收集) over
three hundred Chinese stamps.
8．We are very happy to have the
_______(机会) to take part in the sports
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空(10分)
1．Jack is ___________ in the
___________ (interest)computer games.
2．The football player got ________
(injure)in the match.
3．There are two __________
(thousand)students in our school.
4．The __________ (foreign)speaks
5．I _______ (miss)my parents very much
when I studied in Australia.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子(16分)
1．他辞去了办公室的工作，改以务农为生。
He left his office job to try to ____________ on the
2．我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。
I want to ___________the book which you showed me
yesterday.
3．我养了一只猫和一只狗，但它们老是打架。
I have a dog and a cat, but they fight
_____________.
4．我对音乐不太感兴趣。&&&
I'm not very much _____________
5．成千上万的人到车站给他们送行。&
&_____________ people went to see them off
at the station.&
6．我们可以用电话和住在远处的人说话。
We can talk to those who live _________ by
telephone.
7．顺便问一下，我给你的那些钱呢？
&_____________, what happened to all
the money I gave you?
8．假设你的钱用完了呢？你将怎么办呢？
What if you were to ____________money? What would you
综合能力提高
一、单项选择(10分)
1．(2011·淄博)—Look！There
is a big river.Let's swim in it!
—No，I think it's ________ dangerous.
A．much too&
B．too much& C．too
many& D．much more
【解析】考查副词区别。much
too“太”，用作副词修饰形容词；too
much“太多”，修饰不可数名词；too
many“太多”，修饰可数名词；much
more“更多”。 【答案】A
2．—I'll go to the West Lake this weekend. What
about you?
—________. Let's go together.
A．No, I won't&
B．I won't go& C．Me,
too& D．Sorry, I'm busy
【解析】考查一般将来时的答语。由答语“让我们一起去。”可知，回答是肯定的，直接排除A、B、D项，选C。
3．—It is said that a new zoo will be built in
—I'm& ________ it.& Zoos
are terrible for animals.
A．through&&&&&
&&&&&&B．besides&&&&&&&&
C．against&&&&&&&&
【解析】考查介词的用法。through“通过”；besides“除了……还有”；against“反对”；except“不包括在内，除……没有”；根据句意选C。
4．(2011·邵阳)We didn't go home
________ the old man was sent to the hospital.
A．until&&&
B．when&&&&
【解析】考查连词的用法。not...until...“直到……才……”。句意为“直到把老人送去医院，我们才回家。”故选A。
5．(2011·广安)—How much is the pair
—Twenty dollars ________ enough.
A．is&&&&&
B．are&&&&
【解析】考查be动词的用法。twenty
dollars看成一个整体，表示单数概念，故用is。
6．________ away this dirty shirt and bring me a
clean one.
A．Pick&&&&&&
B．Bring&&&&&&&&&
C．Carry&&&&&
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。pick“拾起，捡起”；bring“带来”；carry“搬走”；take“带走，拿走”。句意为“拿走这件脏衬衫，给我拿件干净的来”。故选D。
7．I'll go for a walk with you if it ________
rain&&&&&&&
B．doesn't
rain&&&&&&&
D．not rains
【解析】考查条件状语从句的用法。含条件状语从句的主从复合句，当主句是将来时态时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，故选B。
8．(2011·湘西)—What are you
doing?&& —I'm ________
A．watching&&&&&
B．watches&&&&
C．watched
【解析】考查时态。上句用进行时提问，所以答语也用进行时，构成进行时用“be＋现在分词”，所以选择答案A。
9．Don't ________ out of money, I think you
should save money for your future.
A．try&&&&&
B．run&&&&&
C．get&&&&&
【解析】考查固定短语的用法。run out
of“用光”，句意为“不要用光钱，我认为你应该为将来攒钱。”【答案】B
10．(2011·邵阳)________ trees were
cut down.And many birds lost their home.
A．Two thousands&
B．Thousands of&&
C．Thousand of
【解析】考查数词的用法。thousand前边有数字不加s；后边有of加s。
二、完形填空(20分)
(2011·山西)根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。方框中有两个词为多余项。
ago，I lived in a house in a large city.The house next
door was only a few meters away from __1__.Through the
window，I could often see a woman __2__ I had
never met doing
some reading in the house every afternoon.
&& Several __3__
went by，I began to notice that her window was
dirty.Everything was not very clear through the dirty windows.i
wondered why the woman didn't wash her windows.it __4__
looked terrible.
&& One bright
morning，I decided to clean my
house，including __5__ the window inside.Late
in the afternoon when I finished all the cleaning，I
sat down by the window with a cup of coffee for a rest.How
__6__！I found that the woman's window was
actually so clean that she could __7__ clearly sitting by
the window.
That was quite an __8__ lesson for me.How often had I
looked at others through my own
shortcomings(缺点)!
Since then，I __9__ used to asking myself
whether I am looking through my own dirty window.Before I want to
judge(判断)someone，I always think
__10__ than before and try to clean the dirty window so that
I may see the world around me more clearly.
【解析】由句意“隔壁房子距我的房子仅仅几米远”可知用I的名词性物主代词mine表示“我的(房子)”。
【解析】先行词是人，并且关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，故用who引导定语从句。
3．months 【解析】go
by表示“(时间)逝去”，故此处应填一个时间名词；
several后接名词复数，故用months。
【解析】修饰动词用副词形式，故填really。
5．washing 【解析】wash the
window“擦窗户”；including是介词，后接动词时用动名词形式。
6．surprising
【解析】作者擦完窗户之后发现，并非隔壁妇女的窗户不干净，而是自己的窗户脏了。所以这是一件非常令人惊讶的事。how后接形容词，故填surprising。
7．be seen
【解析】由句意“……她能被很清楚地看到坐在窗户旁边”可知用被动语态；含情态动词的被动语态的构成为“情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”，故填be
8．important
【解析】此处应填入一个形容词作定语修饰名词lesson。由句意“对我来说，那是一个非常重要的教训”可知填important。
9．have been 【解析】be used
to“习惯于”；由since
then可知用现在完成时。
【解析】句中有than说明要用比较级；由句意“……我总是想得比以前多……”可知填much的比较级more。
五、书面表达(20分)
(2011·扬州)在家庭里、在社会中，只要我们从自身做起，我们的行为就可以为实现和谐社会(harmonious
society)起到推进作用。你们学校的English
Newsletter正在以Doing Our
Part(从自身做起)为题举行征文活动，请根据下列表格提示的内容，用英语写一篇征文。
(1)帮助父母做家务事
(2)和父母多交流
(1)让父母不太累
(1)不乱扔垃圾
(1)使环境美化(2)……
展望：如果我们每个人……
(1)表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；
(2)必须包括所有相关信息，并作适当发挥；
(3)词数：100左右(征文的开头已给出，不计入总词数)；
(4)不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。
Doing Our Part
We have grown up and it's time for us to do something for our
family and society.
At home, we can help our parents do housework.Then
our parents won't be so tired.We should also spend time chatting
with them so that parents and we can understand each other
When we are out，it's more
important to pay attention to our behavior.To make the environment
beautiful，we should pick litter up
instead of dropping it.Besides，it's bad
manners to talk loudly in public places.Others will be
disturbed.Finally，we should help those
people in need and they'll live a better life.
第十四讲 八年级(下) Units
新课标要求
1.task→(近义词) n. work/job
2．waitress→n. 男服务生
waiter→v.等候 wait
3．annoy→adj. 生气的；恼怒的
annoyed→adj. 使生气的；使恼怒的 annoying
4．polite→(反义词)adj.
impolite→adv. 有礼貌地；客气地 politely
5．behavior→v.举止；表现 behave
6．uncomfortable→(反义词)adj.
comfortable→v.安慰 comfort
7．voice→(近义词)n.
sound/noise
8．personal→n.人 person
9．mouse→(pl.) mice
10．asleep→adj. 困倦的
sleepy→v.睡觉 sleep→adj.失眠的
11．choose→(过去式)
chose→(过去分词)chosen→n.选择 choice
12．clearly→adj.清楚的 clear
13．winner→v. 赢；获胜 win
14．suggest→n. 建议；提议
suggestion
1.not at all 一点也不
2．turn down
把……调低；关小
3．right away 立刻；马上
4．wait in line 排队等候
5．cut in line 插队
6．at first 首先
7．keep...down 控制；抑制
8．take care 当心；小心
9．break the rule 违反规则
10．put out
扑灭、熄灭(火)；关灯
11．pick...up 捡起
12．fall asleep 入睡
13．give away 赠送；分发
14．make progress 取得进步；取得进展
15．hear of 听说
16．take an interest in
对……感兴趣
17．make friends with
与……交友
1.Would you mind moving your car?
2．Would you mind not playing baseball
3．Could you please wash the dishes?
4．Why don't you get her a scarf?
5．What should I get my sister?
6．What about a watch？
1．...but there are other places where talking
loudly is_not_allowed.
……但是有些(其他)地方大声谈话是不允许的。(Unit
allow意为“允许”，具体用法如下：
①allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人干某事
②allow doing sth. 允许做某事
③be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
④allow sb. sth. ＝allow sth. to sb.
给某人某物；让某人得到某物
My parents won't allow me to stay out
late.& 我的父母不允许我在外面待很晚。
We don't allow smoking
here.&& 我们不允许在此吸烟。
The students are allowed to design their own
学生们被允许设计他们自己的校服。
2．...it is better
to keep your voice down in public
……在公共场合最好低声说话。(Unit 7)
(1)It's better to do sth.相当于had better do
意为“最好干某事”。本句也可表达为：you'd
keep your voice down in public places。
(2)keep...down意为“控制；抑制”，与keep连用的短
语还有：keep
off意为“(使)离开；(使)不接近”；keep
out意为“不让……进入”；keep
on意为“继续(做某事)”
Keep your dog off the
别让你的狗进入草地。
Keep that dog out of my
别让那条狗进入我的书房。
It was raining hard，but they kept on
雨下得很大，但他们仍继续工作。
voice，sound，noise与shout
四者都可以表示“声音”，区别如下：
①voice指人的嗓音或说话、唱歌时发出的声音，也可指鸟鸣声。
I didn't recognize her voice on the telephone.
在电话里，我没听出她的声音。
②sound泛指人们听到的大自然的任何“声音”。可以指人和动物的声音，也可以指物体碰撞发出的声音等。
Sound travels slower than light.&
声音比光传播得慢。
③noise指人们不愿听到的、不悦耳的“噪音”，如嘈杂声、喧哗声、吵闹声等。
There is so much noise in this restaurant，I can
hardly hear you talking.
这个餐厅太吵了，我几乎听不到你说话。
④shout指人或动物的叫喊，也可指予以警告或引起注意而发出的叫喊。
Suddenly，the patient raised a shout of
pain. 突然，病人发出痛苦的叫声。
3．Later，the same gift may be
given_away to someone else.
以后，这份礼物或许会被赠送给别人。(Unit 8)
这是一个含有情态动词may的被动语态的句子，其中give
away是固定短语，意为“赠送；分发”。如：
Mr. Brown often gives away money to the
poor.& 布朗先生经常把钱分给穷人。
【拓展】 give构成的短语：
give up 放弃；中止& give
in让步；屈服
give out 分发；发出(气体、光、热等)
give back 归还
My father has given up drinking.&
我父亲已经戒酒了。
The sun gives out light and heat.&
太阳发出光和热。
4．In the USA，some people ask
their families and friends to give money to charity
rather_than buy them gifts.
在美国，一些人要求家人和朋友把钱捐给慈善机构而不是给他们买礼物。(Unit 8)
rather than是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂，现归纳如下：
①rather
than与would连用时，构成“would
rather...than...”句式，意为“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。如：
I would rather stay at home than go to the park.
我宁愿待在家里，也不愿去公园。
②rather
than不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式等。如：
He is an explorer rather than a
与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。
than后可跟带to或不带to的不定式。
③rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather
than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。如：
You rather than I are going to the zoo.&
是你而不是我要去动物园。
5．Instead，making a meal is
enough.&& 相反，做顿饭已经足够了。
instead adv.
意为“代替；取而代之的是”，在句中充当状语，常用在句末。如：
He didn't travel to Dalian，but went to Hangzhou
他没有去大连旅行，反而去了杭州。
【辨析】 instead与instead of
①instead意为“代替”，是副词。在句中作状语，通常位于句尾。位于句首时常用逗号与后面隔开，在顺接句子中作“代替”讲，而在转折句子中作“然而”讲。
②instead
of是介词短语，其后要接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。用instead
of时，of后面的事情是不去做的。
He is too tired to go；let me go
instead.& 他太累了，去不了，让我去吧。
We went there on foot instead of taking a
bus.& 我们没乘公交车，而是步行去了那儿。
有时二者可以进行转换。如：
She went swimming instead of playing tennis.
＝She didn't play tennis. She went swimming
instead. 她去游泳了，而没有打网球。
6．This kind of contest encourages people
in China to speak English.这种比赛鼓励中国人讲英语。(Unit
encourage sb. to do
sth.意为“鼓励某人干某事”。如：
Peter，my English teacher，never
fails to encourage us to study hard.
我的英文老师彼得总是鼓励我们要好好学习。
【拓展】 ①courage
n．勇气；胆量；encouraged
adj.受鼓舞的；encouraging
adj.鼓舞人心的
②encourage sb. in sth.在某方面鼓励某人
My parents always encourage me in my
study.& 父母总是在学业方面鼓励我。
八年级下(7～8单元)
(训练时间：60分钟分值：100分)
基础知识过关
一、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词(8分)
1．It is p_____ to say “Please” when you ask for
something.
2．What's the difference between the
A_____ elephants and African elephants?
3．I can not a_____you to do
4．Be c_______ that you don't drop
5．This letter is p_______,_and I don't
want anyone else to read it.
6．Is there anything s______ in the
papers today?
7．We r________ much help from our
8．I can't decide which one to
c________.
二、根据汉语提示完成句子(14分)
1．她请求邻居把收音机关小点声。
She asked her neighbor to _____ ______ the
2．孩子们在海边捡到许多贝壳。
The children
______&&&&&
&many sea shells at the seashore.
3．起初我不知道怎样做，但渐渐地我就习惯了。
___ ____ I didn't know how to do it. By and by
I have got used to it.
4．我们得谨慎，免得让人听见。
We must ____ _____& to let
nobody hear about this.
5．我从来没听过这样的事。&&
I never _________ such a thing.
6．这位老教师把他的全部藏书捐送给了学校。
The old teacher _________ all his books to the
7．他太累，在汽车里睡着了。& He was so
tired that he _________ in the car.
三、句型转换(10分)
1．Could you pick up the
paper？(改为同义句)
______________________ up the paper?
2．Would you mind wearing that old
hat？(改为否定句)
Would you mind __________ that old hat?
3．Why don't you get her a
scarf？(改为同义句)&&&
________ get her a scarf?
4．I should get my mother
some_flowers on Mother's
Day.(就画线部分提问)
___________ you _____ your mother on
Mother's Day?
5．Betty was so angry that she couldn't say a
word.(改为同义句)
Betty was _____ angry ___ say a word.
综合能力提高
一、单项选择(10分)
1．—Would you mind my smoking
here?&& —________ It's not
allowed here.
A．Of course not.&
B．Better not.&&
please.&&&
D．No, not at all.
【解析】考查交际用语。由答语“这儿不允许。”可知，回答是否定的。故用Better
not.意思是“最好不要。”
2．(2011·清远)I want to watch the
basketball match.Would you please ________ the TV?
B．turn off&&
C．turn down& D．turn
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意为“我想看篮球赛，请打开电视，好吗？”“打开”为turn
3．—Would you please bring your CDs bought in
Hong Kong to me tomorrow? I'd like to have a look.
—________. I will introduce something to you.
problem&&&
D．Never mind
【解析】考查交际用语。由答语“我将向你作一些介绍。”可知，答语是肯定的，故用No
problem.意为“没问题。”
4．—This box is ________ heavy for me to carry.
Can you help me?
—Certainly.
A．so&&&&&&&
B．much&&&&&
C．very&&&&&
【解析】考查too...to...的用法。too...to...表示“太……而不能”。句意为“这箱子太重了我搬不动，你能帮我吗？”“当然可以。”
5．—Jenny, please ________ your young sister
carefully.& —OK, Mum.
B．take care
C．take from
【解析】考查固定短语。take care
of意为“照看，照顾”。句意为“杰尼，请小心照看你的妹妹。”“好的，妈妈。”故选B。
6．(2011·贵阳)“For your coming
vacation，why ________ coming to
Guiyang？”“Good idea！”
consider&&&&
consider&&&
C．to consider
【解析】这里考查的是why not
do结构，B和C选项的结构都是错的。【答案】A
7．(2011·广安)—Do you mind my
opening the window?& —________.Please do it
A．Of course
C．Certainly
【解析】考查情境交际。根据句意“我打开窗户你介意吗？”“当然不介意。打开就行”。A是委婉的回答。
8．(2011·安顺)—Dinner is ready.Help
—Wow！It ________ delicious.Could you please
tell me how to cook it?
A．tastes&&&
B．looks&&&&
C．sounds&&&
【解析】考查词义辨析。根据句意“你能告诉我怎样做的吗？”说明它应该尝起来非常美味。
9．________ listening and speaking more, we have
many other ways to improve our English.
A．Besides&
B．Except&
C．But& D．For
【解析】考查词义辨析。besides“除了……之外，还有”；except“除了”，but“但是”；for“为了”。故选A。
10．(2011·哈尔滨)English people can't
give up hamburgers or fried chicken because they're
delicious.However，the French are changing.They aren't
interested in ________ food like before.
A．fast&&&&&
B．healthy&&&&&
C．natural
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意为“英国人依然留恋汉堡和炸鸡，因为它们非常美味。而法国人在改变。他们不再像从前那样对快餐感兴趣了。”故选A。
二、完形填空(30分)(2011·宁波)
When I was about 12 years old，I really wanted a
new bike！I __1__ my parents my birthday
wish，but I knew there was little hope because my
family could __2__ have that money.
On my birthday my parents told me they had my __3__
outside in the backyard.At once I __4__ out to the yard.
There was my bike，__5__it wasn't the bike that
I thought it would be.This one was pink，old and worn
with age.It was so __6__！I thought I
__7__ my parents' feelings because I could see the
disappointment __8__ their faces and I was sure they could
see it on mine.I __9__ the old bike and rode
it，feeling __10__ that I had made my parents
feel this way.So I put on a smile，rode as fast as I
could and didn't __11__...
&As time went by，I began to
understand my parents gave me __12__ much more than just a
rusty(生锈的)old bike.They gave me a life lesson about
__13__.When you give something out of love，it
doesn't matter what it is in fact.What matters is the love that is
in it.I like to remember this __14__ because giving a gift
is not about money.It's about how much love you can feel from it.Do
remember，a gift that __15__ two dollars isn't
any less valuable(有价值的)than one that costs one
hundred dollars，or even more.
1．A.talked&
C．said& D．told
【解析】本题考查易混动词辨析。talk，speak，say和tell这四个动词中只有tell能跟双宾语。此处句意为“我告诉了我父母我的生日愿望……”。故选D。
2．A.hardly&
B．quickly&
C．slowly&
【解析】本题考查副词的用法。句意为“……但是我知道几乎没有希望，因为家里几乎没有买自行车的钱。”hardly“几乎不”，符合句意，故选A。
3．A.guitar&
C．cake& D．card
【解析】句意为“在我生日那天，我的父母告诉我他们给我买了礼物，放在外面的后院里。”gift“礼物”符合题意。【答案】B
4．A.rushed&
C．climbed&
【解析】因为父母赠给礼物，“我”的心情很激动，所以急切地冲向后院，故选A。
D．because
【解析】那儿尽管有辆自行车，但却不是“我”理想中的自行车，表转折关系用but。故选C。
6．A.exciting&
B．interesting&
C．relaxing&
D．disappointing
【解析】那辆又旧又破的自行车不是“我”理想中的自行车，所以disappointing“令人失望的”符合题意。故选D。
7．A.liked&
D．thanked
【解析】联系上下文可知，那辆自行车尽管又旧又破，却满载着父母的爱，“我”却感到失望，这伤害了“我”父母的感情。故选C。
C．at& D．for
【解析】本题考查介词的用法。on one's
face是固定短语，意为“在某人脸上”。故选A。
9．A.got in&
B．got on& C．got
off& D．got up
【解析】本题考查由get构成的动词短语的用法。get
in“收获，进入”；get
on“上车”；get
off“下车”；get
up“起床，起来”。由句意“我上了那辆旧自行车并骑着它……”可知选B。
10．A.surprised&
B．excited&
C．happy& D．bad
【解析】本题考查表达人的感受的形容词的用法。因为“我”的失望让父母也感到失望，所以“我”骑在自行车上心情不好，故选D。
11．A.look
ahead&&&&&
B．look back
D．come down
【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。look
ahead“向前看”；look
back“向后看”；come
up“过来”；come
down“下来”。句意为“所以我带着微笑尽可能快地骑车，头也不回……”look
back符合句意。【答案】B
12．A.anything&&&
B．nothing
C．something&
D．everything
【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。anything“任何东西/事情”；nothing“没有东西/事情”；something“某种东西/事情”；everything“一切东西/事情”。由句意“随着时间的推移，我开始明白我父母给了我比一辆生锈的旧自行车更多的东西”知选C。
13．A.love&&&&&&&&
C．friendship&
D．knowledge
【解析】根据下文“When you give something out of
love，it doesn't matter what it is in fact.What
matters is the love that is in it.”以及“It's about how
much love you can feel from
it.”可知他们给“我”上了一堂关于爱的生活课，故选A。
14．A.idea&
C．advice&
【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。根据短文内容可知这是发生在作者生活中的一件事，而不是“想法”“新闻”或“建议”。故选D。
15．A.spends&
【解析】本题考查易混动词辨析。spend，cost，pay这三个词都有“花费”的意思，但只有cost的主语是物，有“价值……，值……钱”的意思，根据句意“……一件价值两美元的礼物……”可知选B。offer“提供”，不符合题意。
三、阅读理解(8分)(2011·温州)
DIY，which means Do It Yourself，is
quite popular in UK.Lots of stores and supermarkets sell DIY
things.TV programmes show people how to DIY.
&& English people like
DIY.There is a saying in UK—“An Englishman's home is his
castle”．Huge numbers of people spend their holidays
making their homes beautiful“castles”．If there is
anything that needs fixing around their houses，such
as painting the walls or putting in a new shower，they
will do the jobs themselves.They share DIY experiences with their
friends.More and more people have discovered the joy of
DIY.Sometimes people also DIY for saving money.With the economic
downturn at present，many people can not afford to buy
a bigger house.They are looking at how they can make their houses
better without spending a lot of money. It is not surprising that
DIY is so popular.
can be difficult.There is a huge market for DIY furniture which
people need to put together themselves with a few basic
tools.However，people often find it not easy to build
a piece of furniture because they can't understand the
instructions.Sometimes the instructions are simple and
clear，but the furniture itself is difficult to
build.One thing is for sure，though most DIY projects
are started with the best intentions，many of them may
not get finished.DIY can also be dangerous.For
example，anything electrical should be done by a
professional worker.Unluckily，many people don't care
about this warning and put themselves in danger.It is reported that
in just one year over 230,000 people were hurt while doing DIY in
UK，including 41,000 who fell off ladders.
Therefore，DIY can bring us fun and help us save
money，but it is not always as easy as it is thought
we_bite_off_more_than_we_can_chew.Maybe
factories should make products that are easier and safer for us to
1．How do many English people spend their
holidays according to the passage?
A．Making their homes
beautiful.&&&&
B．Visiting their friends.
C．Travelling all over the
D．Making a lot of money.
【解析】由第二段的第三句“Huge numbers of people spend their
holidays making their homes beautiful
‘castles’．”可知许多英国人利用假期时间使他们的房子变美，故选A。
2．Why do English people like DIY?
A．Many stores sell DIY
things.&&&&&&&
B．DIY can bring them fun.
C．TV programmes teach them to
D．All DIY projects are easy.
【解析】根据第二段中“More and more people have discovered the
DIY.”可以判断英国人喜欢DIY的原因是DIY能给他们带来乐趣。故选B。
3．What can we learn from the passage?
A．DIY is a waste of money.
B．It is always difficult to DIY.
C．We should be careful while doing DIY.
D．It's very safe for us to DIY.
【解析】根据第三段的内容“DIY can also be
dangerous.”和“It is reported that in just one year
over 230,000 people were hurt while doing DIY in
UK，including 41,000 who fell off
ladders.”说明DIY有时很危险，我们应当小心。故选C。
4．In the passage，“we bite off
more than we can chew”probably means ________.
A．we can eat everything we like
B．we should do something difficult
C．we do something that is too difficult
D．we eat too much food that is not safe
【解析】由最后一段中的句子“...but it is not always as easy as it is
thought to be if we bite off more than we can chew.Maybe factories
should make products that are easier and safer for us to
DIY.”说明DIY不总是和想的一样容易，我们做的事情有时太难了，故选C。
四、书面表达(20分)
根据中英文提示词语，写出意思连贯，符合逻辑，词数100左右的文章，所给英文提示词语必须都用上。
中文提示：保护我们的环境是十分重要的，它有利于我们的身体健康，我们仅有一个地球，我们就生存在这个地球上，所以保护环境是我们义不容辞的责任。那么，我们应该做些什么呢？我们该怎么办呢？
提示词：take good care of, important, only one earth, good
for, our duty, pick up, rubbish, throw, dustbin, collect, battery,
plastic bags, spit, public places
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Taking good care of our environment is very important because
it's good for our health. We're living on the earth and we have
only one earth.
What can we do for it? I think we should begin with the
following things. We should pick up the rubbish and throw it into a
dustbin, and we should collect waste things like batteries, plastic
bags and so on. We should plant trees and flowers. And we shouldn't
spit in public places or litter waste things anywhere.
&& It's our duty to keep
our environment clean. If everyone does such useful things, our
environment will become much better.
第十五讲 八年级(下) Units
新课标要求
1.neither→(反义词) both
2.attraction→v.吸引 attract
3.route→(同义词) road
4.especial→adv.特别地 especially
5.discover→n.发现 discovery
6.requirement→v.要求 require
7.fear→(同义词)v.使惊恐；吓唬
8.brave→adv.勇敢地 bravely
9.wake→adj.醒着的 awake
10.sandy→n.沙子 sand
11.cross→prep.穿过；越过
across→n.交叉点；十字路口 crossing
12.low→(反义词)adj.高的 high
13.little→(最高级) least
1.on board 在船上
2.end up 以……结束；结果为……
3.flight attendant (飞机上的)空中服务员
4.tour guide 导游
5.three quarters 四分之三
6.wake up 醒来；睡醒
7.all year round 一年到头；终年
8.look through 浏览
9.feel like感觉像；想要
<e along (意外地)出现；发生；来到
11.get along 相处
12.at least 至少
1.—Have you ever been to an aquarium？
& —No，I haven't.
2.—I have been to the zoo a lot of times.
& —Me，too.
3.—I've never been to a water park.
&&—Me neither.
4.It looks like rain，doesn't it？
5.It's really windy today，isn't
1．—I've never been to a water
——我从未去过水上公园。
—Me_neither.&
——我也没去过。(Unit 9)
neither表示说话者的情况与上述否定句所说的内容一样，是省略句。常用于口语。用于正式场合本句应是Neither/Nor
have I。如：
—I didn't go to the park last
——上星期天我没去公园。
—Me neither./ Neither did
——我也没去。
(1)neither/nor，so引导倒装句。
&#9312;“Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be＋主语”表示与上述否定情况相同。如：
—He doesn't want to go shopping.&
——他不想去购物。
—Neither/Nor do I.&&
——我也不想去。
&#9313;“So＋助动词/情态动词/be＋主语”表示与上述肯定情况相同。如：
—I like swimming.——我喜欢游泳。
—So does Lily.——莉莉也喜欢。
“so＋助/情/系＋主”和“so＋主＋系/助/情”的区别：
“so＋主＋系/助/情”结构表示同意对方说的话，用来加强语气，意思是“的确如此”。前后两句话主语是同一个人或事物。而“so＋助/情/系＋主”中，前后两句话主语为不同的两个人或物。如：
—It's too cold today.——今天太冷了。
—So it is.——的确如此。
(2)neither adj. &
pron.二者都不(的)；conj.既不……也不……
&#9312;在单数名词之前
&#9313;与其所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词用单数
&#9312; 作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
&#9313;常与of连用，neither
of＋名词复数
neither...nor...连接两个并列成分；反义短语both...and...连接同等成分。
&#9313;连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”
Neither article is made in Beijing.&
这两种物品都不是北京制造的。
He answered neither of the letters.&
他两封信都没有回。
Neither he nor I am
well&educated.&&&
他和我都没受过良好教育。
2．There are also many attractions on
board，just like any other
Disneyland.在船上也有许多吸引人之处，就像其他的任何一个迪斯尼乐园一样。(Unit
attraction是可数名词，意为“有吸引力的人或事物”。如：
The attraction of the city's bright lights is hard to
城市里五光十色的生活非常诱人。
attract是动词，意为“吸引；招引；有吸引力”。如：
He attracted large numbers of
followers.& 他吸引了大批追随者。
The moon attracts the earth's sea towards her.
月球对地球上的海水有吸引力。
3．... more than three_quarters of
the population are Chinese...
……超过四分之三的人口是中国人……(Unit 9)
(1)population
&#9312;作“人口”讲是集合名词，没有复数形式。当它作主语，表示整体概念时，其后的谓语动词用单数；如果指一个整体人口中有多少人是干什么的，则强调的是一个群体，是复数概念，这时谓语动词用复数。
&#9313;指人口“多”或“少”时，一般用large或small来表示，而不用many或few。
&#9314;表示某国、某城市有多少人口时，要与of连用。其句式
有两种：The population
of＋某国(某城市)＋is...，某国(某城市)＋has
a population
of...，有时，表达“有多少人口的城市”时，用a
city with a population of...
&#9315;提问“有多少人口”时用what或how
large，而不用how many或how
much。如：
Eighty percent of the population of China are peasants.
中国百分之八十的人是农民。
The country has a large population. 那个国家人口众多。
The population of the village is about 4,000.
＝The village has a population of about
4,000.& 这个村庄大约有4
What/How large is the population of
Beijing?&&&
北京有多少人口？
quarters“四分之三”，也可以说“three
fourths”。
【拓展】 英语中分数的表达：
&#9312;分数是由基数词和序数词合成的，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是1时，分母用单数形式；分子大于1时，分母用复数形式，当分数前面有整数时，要用连词and连接。
&#9313;英语中的分数常与of连用后接可数名词的复数或不可数
名词。作主语时谓语动词的形式取决于所修饰的名词，若是可数名词，则用复数，若是不可数名词则用单数。如：
Two thirds of the students in my class are girls.
我班里三分之二的学生是女孩。
One third of the water is
polluted.&&
三分之一的水被污染。
英语分数不费事，“母序子基”四个字。分子若是大于一，分母还须加&s。
4．Two people waiting to cross a busy
street. 正等着穿过一条繁忙街道的两个人(Unit 10)
cross意为“越过；横过”，相当于go
across。如：
Go across(Cross) the bridge and turn left，then
you will find the hospital.
走过这座桥然后向左拐，你就会找到医院的。
【拓展】 across prep. 横过
crossing n．十字路口
The man went across the desert on a
camel.& 那个人骑骆驼穿过了沙漠。
There are traffic lights at the
crossing.&&
十字路口有信号灯。
5．I feel_like part of the group
现在我感到像是他们中的一员了。(Unit 10)
like表示“觉得像……似的”，feel是系动词，like是介词。如：
I felt like a fool at that time.&
那时我觉得像个傻瓜似的。
【辨析】 feel like与would like
feel like与would
like意思相同，都表示“想要；希望”。
&#9312;feel like后接名词或动名词。
&#9313;would like后接名词或不定式短语。
I don't feel like walking after
dinner.&&&
饭后我不想散步。
I'd like to go for a walk in the
我想在花园中散步。
6．I was having a hard time finding it until you
came_along.
在你来之前我一直在费劲地寻找这所学校。(Unit 10)
along是固定短语，在本句中意为“出现；来到”，此外它还有“沿着……行进”或“快点儿”之意。如：
The party was going fine until Mary came along.
在玛丽到达之前，聚会进展得挺顺利。
I saw him coming along the
我看见他顺着马路走过来。
Come along，it's nearly twelve
o'clock.&&
快点儿，快十二点了。
【拓展】 come构成的短语：
come around (round)顺便来访
back回来&&&
come from来自
on加油&&&&&&&&&
come true实现
come out出版；出现& come up
with想出；提供出
八年级下(9～10单元)
(训练时间：60分钟分值：100分)
基础知识过关
一、根据句意及括号内所给的汉语提示补全句子(9分)
1．Yesterday, I had breakfast at a
_________(一刻钟) past seven.
2．The house itself is not particularly to my
mind, but I like its
____________(环境)．
3．There is heavy
________(交通) during the rush hours.
4．Sally made a ______(笔记)
of the meeting in her diary.
5．The boy made up his mind to become an
__________(优秀的) architect.
6．The Chinese people are a
_______(勇敢的) and hardworking people.
7．I love cold drinks,
__________(尤其是) in summer.
8． ________(春季) is
the best season of the year.
9．Please ____(唤醒) me up at
five o'clock tomorrow morning.
二、根据汉语提示完成句子(16分)
1．我用半小时浏览晚报。
I spent half an hour _______________ the evening
2．你一个月至少应该看一本书。& You should
read one book a month _________.
3．我今早醒来时，突然想起这个主意。
This idea hit me when I _________ this
4．他照这样开车，早晚得死于非命。
If he carries on driving like that, he'll _______
5．飞机上的食品是免费供应的。
The food _________ is free of charge.
6．随后出现了一些新的见解，促使科学家们去研究人体的磁性。
Then some new ideas ____________ that enabled the
scientists to study the magnetism of the human body.
7．我的英语写作很好，但我需要提高我的听力技巧。
____________________________________________________________________.
8．穿过马路时当心向两边看看。
________________________________________________________
三、句型转换(10分)
1．I have been to Hong
Kong.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
_____ you _____ to Hong
Kong?&&&&&
Yes，I _____.
2．He has worked in Beijing
for_a_year.(就画线部分提问)
_____________ he worked in Beijing?
3．You will find Chinese food easily in
Singapore.(改为同义句)
You won't _________ _________ finding Ch