it is true or
禽兽放开水果9a
是真还是假?true 和 false 是逻辑运算中的真和假,是或非的意思.
为您推荐：
其他类似问题
它是真的假的？
说出对与错如果有错 订正错误 说出真实或者错误，如果有必要的话并改正 5TTREWTY4YEWT2 说得真或假。如果有错误,请改正过来
这是正确的还是错误的
这个是对的还是错的。
假这个选哪个，要看上下文了，可以有多种翻译
扫描下载二维码July 05, 2016
Call for Papers: Ethics in Business Transactions
Posted by Gordon Smith
The AALS Section on Transactional Law and Skills is seeking paper proposals for its program on &Ethics in Business Transactions& at the 2017 Annual Meeting in San Francisco, California. This program will feature a panel discussion to be followed by scholarly presentations selected from the Call for Papers, which is reproduced below.
The program on Ethics in Business Transactions is co-sponsored by the Section on Professional Responsibility and is scheduled to take place on Friday, January 6, 2017 from 1:30-3:15 pm.
The Section on Transactional Law and Skills is also hosting a second program entitled &Transactional Law and Entrepreneurship,& which is scheduled to take place on Saturday, January 7, 2017 from 8:30-10:15 pm.
June 30, 2016
The SEC Pinterest Page
Posted by David Zaring
From , I'm guessing you all want to see the .  Prettiest pictures I think I've ever seen on Pinterest.
June 28, 2016
Michigan Supreme Court Embraces Corpus Linguistics
Posted by Gordon Smith
In the case of , the Michigan Supreme Court became the first state supreme court in the United States to embrace corpus linguistics. (I have written
about Justice Thomas Lee's concurrence in the Utah Supreme Court's
case, which is
in this Michigan opinion.) The consolidated cases relate to the &Disclosures by Law Enforcement Officers Act& (DLEOA), which bars the use in a subsequent criminal proceeding of all &information& provided by a law enforcement officer under threat of any employment sanction. While the act does not distinguish between true and false statements, the court used corpus analysis to investigate whether &information& must be true. The majority concludes, &false or inaccurate information cannot be used against a law enforcement officer in subsequent criminal proceedings. To hold otherwise would defeat the Legislature's stated intent....&
Three police officers in Detroit were involved in the assault of Dajuan Hodges-Lamar. In a Garrity hearing, all three officers lied about the incident. As the majority noted, &A video recording of the incident [that] surfaced after defendants had made their statements ... is wholly at odds with the statements provided by defendants.& The officers were subsequently charged with various crimes, including obstruction of justice, but they moved to dismiss these charges on the ground that the only evidence against them was their false statements, which were excludable under DLEOA. The district court excluded the statements, and a divided court of appeals reversed. The Michigan Supreme Court reversed, holding that DLEOA prohibits the use of all officer statements, whether true or false.
In reaching this conclusion, the majority opinion by Justice Brian K. Zahra relied on corpus linguistics:
Keeping in mind that we must interpret the word &information& as used in the DLEOA &according to the common and approved usage of the language,& we apply a tool that can aid in the discovery of &how particular words or phrases are actually used in written or spoken English.& The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) allows users to &analyze[] ordinary meaning through a method that is quantifiable and verifiable.& [Citing Stephen Mouritsen, Hard Cases and Hard Data: Assessing Corpus Linguistics as an Empirical Path to Plain Meaning, 13 Colum Sci & Tech L Rev 156, 202 (2012).]
The dissent claims that, in ordinary usage, &we should not think of someone who provided inaccurate statements as having imparted `knowledge' or `information' ....& Empirical data from the COCA, however, demonstrates the opposite. In common usage, &information& is regularly used in conjunction with adjectives suggesting it may be both true and false.* This strongly suggests that the unmodified word &information,& can describe either true or false statements. Moreover, by reading each identified use of the word &information& in its surrounding context, it is clear that &information& is often used to describe false statements. Quite simply, &information& in common parlance describes perceptions conveyed about the world around us, which may be true or false.
*The footnote states:
In conducting a COCA search, the word &accurate& is the most common adjective collocated with &information& to bear a meaning that refers to truth or falsity. The words &false& and &inaccurate& are also commonly collocated with &information.&
Ok, that's interesting enough, but it gets much more interesting when Justice Stephen Markman in dissent engages the majority's corpus analysis:
The majority relies on the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), a truly remarkable and comprehensive source of ordinary English language usage compiled by linguistic scholars at Brigham Young University, in particular Professor Mark Davies. The COCA, available at (accessed June 7, 2016), is an online &resource [that can be used by courts] for assessing the ordinary meaning of a statutory term.& State v Rasabout, 2015 Utah 72, ? 72; 356 P3d ) (Lee, A.C.J., concurring in part) (assessing with an impressive thoroughness, in ?? 40-134, the strengths and limitations of using a corpus to facilitate the interpretive processes of the judiciary). By using the COCA, &we can access large bodies of real-world language to see how particular words or phrases are actually used in written or spoken English.& Id. at ? 57. However, notwithstanding the majority's invocation of the COCA, I believe that the COCA actually supports the proposition set forth in this dissent that the common and most reasonable understanding of the term &information& excludes false statements.
The term &information& is found within the COCA 168,187 times and yet it is only modified by the term &truthful& 28 times, &true& 18 times, &accurate& 508 times, &inaccurate& 112 times, and &false& 271 times. In other words, the term &information& is modified by one of these adjectives 937 times. The other 167,250 times that the word &information& is used it is unmodified by one of these adjectives. That is, 99.44% of the time &information& in the COCA is unmodified by any of these adjectives related to veracity. Therefore, I disagree with the majority's contention that the COCA affords support for the proposition that the term &information& is &regularly& or &commonly& modified by one of these adjectives. I find to the contrary. And where &information& is unmodified by one of these adjectives, I believe it is overwhelmingly used to refer to truthful information.... 
I do not believe that a judicial interpretation of &information& drawn from use of the term in
of 1% of all of its appearances in a corpus constitutes an ordinary, common, or reasonable interpretation of the term. There is no word that cannot be abused, misused, or employed in an exotic or puzzling way in everyday discourse, and a corpus will
it is not, however, the purpose of a corpus to transform every such use of a word into a reasonable construction of the words of the law....
Furthermore, the reader may wish to peruse at random any number of the 167,250 uses of &information& in the COCA and assess whether the term was reasonably used and understood as indistinguishably referring to true and false information. When, for example, the doctor is offered &information& from a patient concerning the latter's condition, would either party suppose that the latter was not intending in a reasonably accurate manner to describe his symptoms as he then believed them to be? Or, by further example, when a &contract& or &trade-off& of some kind is delineated by the elected representatives of the people in the Legislature, with an explicit quid pro quo defined in terms of the production of &information,& and presumably with some measure of public benefit to be derived by the production of that &information,& could that Legislature genuinely have been disinterested in whether such information was true or false?
Here we see judges struggling with the rules of application under corpus analysis, an issue that was a central topic of conversation in the recent
held at BYU. We clearly have a long way to go before corpus analysis is regularized in judicial proceedings, but this case represents an nice step forward, where both majority and dissenting justices agree that corpus linguistics could inform their interpretation of the statute.
I am working with the BYU Law Review to organize a symposium on corpus linguistics to be held next winter semester. If you would like more information about the symposium, please do not hesitate to .
June 15, 2016
Michael Jensen and the Continuing Doubts about Shareholder Primacy
Posted by Matt Bodie
Last night, as part of the NPR Marketplace series &,&  a  provided an intellectual history of shareholder primacy, from Milton Friedman through Gordon Gekko and on to the present.  The overview was fairly long for a news program -- my wife wondered if we had stumbled into a podcast -- and sought to provide an in-depth look at the shareholder primacy phenomenon.  Lynn Stout was quoted in her role as the loyal opposition.  Perhaps the newsiest part of the segment was the perspective of Michael Jensen, long one of the intellectual godfathers of primacy.  Although Jensen defended the initial discipline that shareholder primacy imposed on markets, he backed away from any sort of muscular approach to the doctrine.  Here's the excerpt:
“Has it happened the way I wanted it to happen? Eh, probably not,” Jensen said. “There’s always going to be some people who take it too far. And then cause damage.”
Jensen said focusing solely on stocks and stockholders is a “misreading” of his scholarship. He wrote in 1990 that CEOs should “do what’s in the shareholders’ best interests.”
“I wouldn’t put shareholders at the center,& he said. &I’m still unhappy about the situation where people end up thinking that shareholders are primary. That they are our only bosses. No.”
Jensen has backed away from his scholarship -- or, at least, the commonly understood ramifications of his scholarship -- before.  In 2007, he told the
that &I would never award the standard executive stock option again,& despite his early advocacy for such compensation packages.  
June 09, 2016
Boston Tenure Track: Bentley
Posted by David Zaring
See below: it's a good group there:
The Bentley University Law Taxation and Financial Planning Department has been approved to hire a tenure-track Assistant Professor.  The position is funded to begin teaching in the fall of 2017, with a July 1, 2017, start date.  Here is a direct link to the Assistant Professor job posting:
If you are interested in the position and believe yourself to be qualified, please apply electronically. Please note that, although the deadline for submission of applications is September 30, we hope to interview at the ALSB annual conference in San Juan in August due to our limited budget for bringing candidates to campus in Massachusetts. To that end, we will begin reviewing applications in July so as to schedule San Juan interviews. Therefore, if you plan to attend the August ALSB conference in San Juan, we encourage you to apply by mid-July to ensure that your application can be reviewed before the conference.
June 07, 2016
The State Of Play With Business And Human Rights
Posted by David Zaring
I've got a post on the increasing efforts to create voluntary, or in some cases mandatory, responsibility for businesses regarding human rights up over at RegBlog.  Here's a :
International businesses must now decide whether to sign on to a lengthy and disparate list of principles and standards that aim to promote human rights. Sometimes associations of regulators promulgate these human rights stan other times non-governmental organizations promulgate them and ask businesses to sign them. Regardless of who adopts them, these “voluntary” standards constitute a different form of regulation, and not just because of their subject matter. In promulgation, content, and authority, these efforts do not entail traditional rulemaking or adjudication.
But human rights standards are a growth industry. In fact, it is fair to say that the obligation of businesses to consider human rights is at a turning point. Although business-based standards to improve human rights are all less than a decade old, they are gaining adherents, even among regulators. Even the
(SEC) and the European Union have now announced rules that discourage the use of conflict minerals in manufacturing. Other countries are following suit in restricting trafficking in conflict diamonds, a phenomenon which I examine further in this .
You can find the rest over , if it's the sort of thing you like.
June 06, 2016
The Likely Survival of the Payday Lending Rule
Posted by David Zaring
Over at DealBook, I try to forecast
to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's Payday Lending Rule.  Here's the start:
The , once complete, will force many payday lenders out of business. That means that a legal challenge is certain, and also the courts, which worry about regulations that require bankruptcies, will take it seriously.
That is good news for challengers of the rule. The bad news is that their claims will probably fail.
Payday lenders will challenge the authority of the
to issue the rule, the cost-benefit analysis behind the rule and the constitutionality of the consumer agency itself.
When they fail, we will know that we have a new and powerful financial regulator, one that can touch not just banks but any source of credit, including credit cards, payday lenders and other informal ways to get money.
Go give it a !
May 26, 2016
More On Enforcement Discretion At The SEC
Posted by David Zaring
The Texas Law Review has
my article on the SEC ALJ controversy, which I argue should be constitutionally uncontroversial, and in which I defend ALJ adjudication.  Here's the :
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act allowed the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to bring almost any claim that it can file in federal court to its own administrative law judges (ALJs). The agency has since taken up this power against a panoply of alleged insider traders and other perpetrators of securities fraud. Many targets of SEC ALJ enforcement actions have sued on equal protection, due process, and separation of powers grounds, seeking to require the agency to sue them in court, if at all. This Article evaluates the SEC’s new ALJ policy both qualitatively and quantitatively, offering an in-depth perspective on how formal adjudication— the term for the sort of adjudication over which ALJs preside—works today. It argues that the suits challenging the SEC’s administrative proceedin agencies have almost absolute discretion as to whom and how they prosecute, and administrative proceedings, which have a long history, do not threaten the Constitution. The controversy illuminates instead dueling traditions in the increasingly intertwined doctrines of corporate and administrative law: the corporate bar expects its agencies and their adjudicators are more inclined to privilege procedural regularity.
You can find the article
or .  The constitutional claims against SEC ALJs are coming fast and furious, so it's worth taking a step back and seeing how the program actually works.  So do give it a look!
May 23, 2016
Call for Papers: International Economic Law Conference at Georgetown Sep 30-Oct 1.
Posted by David Zaring
I'm co-chairing ASIL's biennial conference on international economic law this year, and I hope that many friends of the Glom will consider attending, and even giving a paper.  You can find the call for papers here, and Georgetown's International Law Journal is willing to serve as a publication outlet for those interested in pursuing that, their announcement is .  As we say in the ,
We encourage submissions on all aspects of international economic law, including those that do not focus on cross-cutting issues. The themes listed below are illustrative only and non-exhaustive. If your paper fits within one or more of these themes, please make a note of it in your proposal. Illustrative Themes:
Cross-fertilization opportunities between trade, tax, monetary and finance law: How does monetary law impact trade and finance, and vice-versa?
Soft law in international economic law: Are there lessons to be drawn from financial regulation for trade and investment? ? How does regionalism shape and challenge international economic law?
Dispute resolution in the face of trade and investment treaty convergence: What are the opportunities and challenges raised by recent innovations? Is a unified system possible or desirable?
International economic law and systemic risk
Public-private partnerships in international economic law
I hope you'll consider
in DC in September (it is a great time to be there, inter alia).
May 20, 2016
Pomp, Circumstance, and the Repeat Player
Posted by Usha Rodrigues
Georgia Law's graduation ceremony is tomorrow.  We do commencement well here at Georgia-- on our historic North Campus,
trees.  Professors have funny roles on graduation day.  The ceremony is not about us, of course, although we do play an important part in it.  (I mean, surely they'd miss us if we weren't there?)  It came to me while watching another ceremony, --the professors are the repeat players at commencement.
Now, the phrase &repeat player& has a particular connotation in the legal academy, one stemming from Marc Galanter's excellent article &Why the 'Haves' Come out Ahead: Speculations on the Limits of Legal Change.&1 Whether in litigation or in transactions, those who repeatedly interact with a given legal system have an advantage over &one-shotters& that engage with it only once. The more I learn about the law, the more explanatory power Galanter's insight seems to hold. 
Luckily, faculty and students are not adversaries at graduation.  Nor are professors the only repeat players in the ceremonies of our lives.  As I reflected on Vice-Chancellor Montgomery-Reeve's investiture, where Chancellor Bouchard and other Chancery Court employees guided us expertly through the ceremony, I recollected myself being helped at ceremonies where I played the one-shotter.  Weddings, funerals, christenings.  Sit here, step to the podium, wait for the music.  Priests, rabbis, and ministers, often serve as the repeat players in these ceremonies, singular for the participants, familiar for them. 
Familiar, but not routine.  Sometimes my students ask, &It's probably no big deal for you, Professor Rodrigues, right?  After all the graduations you've attended?&  No, it's still a big deal.  But it's different kind of deal.  Being the repeat player at commencement grants us the luxury of observing the students and their families-- chuckling self-consciously over their old fashioned robes and mortar boards, nervous and uncertain.  We know they'll adjust their caps at least 6 times, and fidget with their tassels.  It's a big day for them and their families, and although they've longed for it, when it comes to it, they're a little unsure of what they're supposed to do and what it all will mean. 
Perhaps this is the value of the repeat player in a ceremony.  For each graduate, there is a sense of joy and singularity, but overlaying it is a sense of tradition and continuity. I think perhaps that combination is what makes these ceremonies so meaningful. We celebrate the singular nature of this particular day, these celebrants--be they graduates, bride and groom, or judge.  But we celebrate with the knowledge that the ceremony-- with its rituals, words, and trappings-- has unfolded more or less like this many times in the past, and will continue in the future. It's a link to celebrants past and future, and the repeat player can appreciate that in a way that those enveloped in the giddiness of the moment cannot.
No matter the reason, it's still one of my favorite days of the year. Congratulations, Class of 2016.
May 18, 2016
Trump's All-White Supreme Court Slate is the Story
Posted by Matt Bodie
about  of potential replacements for Justice Scalia's open seat.  The stories I have seen thus far are largely of the &,& &,& or && varieties.  But to me, the biggest story is that this list of eleven potential jurists is entirely white people.
I certainly don't mean that as an attack on the nominees themselves.  They are all established jurists with distinguished records and solid credentials.  Given their qualifications, it is not surprising that a number of conservative commentators have reacted positively.  And the nominees didn't ask for this scrutiny.  For the most part, it looks like they were not asked or even informed that they would be on any sort of Supreme Court list -- a fairly shocking lack of professional courtesy.  (Of course,
-- remember that?)
But there's no getting around the fact they they are all white.  This list is a purely symbolic gesture.  Trump has made
and it's kind of absurd to be releasing a list of eleven -- eleven! -- names for one nomination that is entirely hypothetical at this point.  The list is , at least in terms of an actual nomination -- it's just political theater.  And in many ways, the list is &,& in terms of geography and background.  But they are all conservative -- and they are all white.
So for this purely symbolic gesture, which Donald Trump put out to show what types of people he would choose to run the country, Trump could not find one African-American, one Latino, one Asian-American, or any other non-white person to put on this list.  And it's not like he just had a list of two or three people.  This one goes to eleven!  It's strange enough to put out a list of eleven potential nominees.  But then to have such a lack of racial diversity -- that is a statement.  And this statement in the context of accusations that Trump was , that Trump doggedly
well past their plausibility, that Trump's .  For Trump to put out an eleven (eleven!) person list with all white people on it is at best incredibly tin-eared, and at worst diabolically intentional.
People may not want to highlight this issue for fear of being accused of playing the race card.  But with this list, Trump has already played it.
Some Facts, Opinions, and Questions on Donald Trump's Eleven Potential Supreme Court Nominees
Posted by Matt Bodie
All sitting judges.
Eight men, three women.
All white/Caucasian.
No one from D.C. Circuit.
Questions:
Were these judges contacted ahead of time?
Would they agree to a nomination by Trump?
Would Trump agree to limit his pick to this list?
Why eleven for one seat?  Are we going to have a new show on NBC this fall -- &The Apprentice: Supreme Court Nominee&?
Why no racial diversity?
May 17, 2016
Family Film Blogging:
Disney's The Jungle Book
Posted by Christine Hurt
I know, I know, I'm behind.  That's what happens when you become the Associate Dean for Faculty and Curriculum.  But, I have been to the movies a couple of times, including to see   (Not to be confused with the  which is also in production.)  Funnily enough, though we were all eagerly anticipating this movie after seeing the trailer, the old folks loved it, but our eight year-old (target audience?) did not.  Why not?  This is our hypothesis:
So, the movie has one speaking actor that is not animated.  Mowgli, played by Neel Sethi) interacts with a jungle filled with animated mammals, reptiles and birds.  Those animals are voiced by great actors, though some animals oddly don't seem to have language abilities.  The result is really quite impressive, and I'm sure if you had a time machine and showed the movie to folks in the 1980s, they would wonder at how the director was able to train the real-live animals to do all of these things.  The movie is also very impressive when you realize that a little boy had to basically film an entire movie by himself with Iron-Man director and actor Jon Favreau.  The scene-stealers are Bill Murray voicing an animated Baloo (the bear) and Christopher Walken as King Louie (the orangutan).  Watch closely for the &cowbell& reference -- I was embarrassed that my fourteen year-old got it before I did.  
So, why did the only real &kid& in our midst not like the movie?  My teenage girl's hypothesis is &.&  According to this aesthetic theory, humans find animation that is very close to real to be &creepy,& while animation that is cartoon-y (like Frozen, etc.) to be just fine.  Apparently, this theory explains audience revulsion to animated movies such as Christmas Carol, Polar Express, and Mars Needs Moms.  These are all movies that my kids hate, btw.  So, the &almost real& animals may be too creepy -- not cute, not real, just creepy.  However, none of the over-12 set that went with us had this reaction.
You probably know at least the set-up:  Man-cub Mowgli is somehow separated from the humans and is raised in a wolf pack.  In the 1967 version, the takeaway seemed to be that the jungle was no place for Mowgli, and he is eventually reunited with the humans (after a lot of fun singing and dancing).  In this version, the takeaway seems to be more that humans and animals have a symbiotic relationship and can help one another thrive.  The movie opens with a &water truce,& in which animals during a drought tacitly agree not to prey upon one another at the lone remaining water hole.  Perhaps the message is that here in these days on Earth, we should all live in peace with one another, or maybe that's reading a bit too much into it.  While the animated movie was a funny road trip movie -- Bagheera escorting Mowgli to the Man-village, and along the way they meet friends and enemies, quarrel with one another, then reunite at the end -- the new movie has more of an internal journey than an external one.  Shere-Khan, the tiger, sets his sights on Mowgli, but the vindictiveness is personal and acute, not just &tiger eats human.&  Shere-Khan is also a little more brutal than as a cartoon.  Baloo is the buddy Mowgli meets, but he is also the voice of wisdom beyond his &bare necessities& persona.  Mowgli learns not just that the jungle has dangers, but also that he has skills and abilities.  The movie is much more a coming-of-age story than a road trip story.
I heartily recommend it, notwithstanding one young critic's review.
| Bookmark
SSRN Acquired by Elsevier
Posted by Matt Bodie
It looks like the Social Science Research Network will be a private, independent company no longer.  && Elsevier has &snapped up& the company for &an undisclosed sum.&  A publishing consultant framed Elsevier's strategy : &The positioning is well thought out: lock up revenues to the legacy publishing business, move into areas where piracy is not much of an issue, create deeper relationships with researchers and become more and more essential to researchers even as librarians become less so.”  The acquisition follows Elsevier's purchase of , a sciences-oriented research sharing site, three years ago.  That purchase did stir concerns in the scientific community -- e.g., 
This is relatively big news in our neck of the woods, if only because SSRN seemed like it enjoyed its independence.  In 2006, I asked Gregg Gordon if SSRN would ever sell itself to a larger corporation. :
As for a future sale, other than myself, the shareholders are academics.  They have invested their own money and time into SSRN with the goal of changing how research is distributed, value their reputations and relationships within the scholarly community, and would not risk them by selling in a manner that would jeopardize our central goal. Our intention is to never sell, but it is hard to guarantee that.
One question that leaps to mind: will the policy of free uploads and downloads continue?  In , Gordon states: &SSRN will continue to enable users to 'submit for free and download for free.' For SSRN users, you are assured that our ethos will remain intact.&
about the effects of the ownership change:
We realize that this change may create some concerns about the intentions of a legacy publisher acquiring an open-access working paper repository. I shared this concern. But after much discussion about this matter and others in determining if Mendeley and Elsevier would be a good home for SSRN, I am convinced that they would be good stewards of our mission. And our copyright policies are not in conflict -- our policy has always been to host only papers that do not infringe on copyrights. I expect we will have some conflicts as we align our interests, but I believe those will be surmountable.
One change that is plausibly on the horizon: a crackdown on published papers posted to SSRN, especially if Elsevier is the publisher!  There was
about Elsevier cracking down on published papers in 2013.  I think SSRN has been relatively &don't ask, don't tell& on this issue.  But perhaps there will now be an effort to cleanse the repository of published papers for which the author does not hold sole copyright.  If that happens, I think you will see some norms changing in how law profs interact with SSRN.
And some real concern on Twitter:
SSRN has been one of the real treasures of the open Web. Sale to Elsevier seems like disastrous news.
— James Surowiecki (@JamesSurowiecki)
Terrible news that Elsevier—who profit from limiting access to research—have acquired open access archive SSRN.
— Justin Wolfers (@JustinWolfers)
May 10, 2016
More On The Global Influence On American Financial Regulation, from a MetLife Designation Dissent
Posted by David Zaring
This is very out of time, but I've been reading the
on the designation of MetLife as systemically significant by the independent member of the committee that does those designations - the Financial Stability Oversight Council.  I disagree with the dissent because I think it requires too much of financial regulators, who want to avoid catastrophe, not encourage scientific rationality about it.  But still, plenty of fine arguments.  One that caught my eye, , the international influence on the decision, emphasized by the decision of the global Financial Stability Board to designate MetLife as risky before the FSOC did:
Although it may be technically accurate to say that the FSB’s declaration is not legally binding on the Council, the FSB explicitly acts in collaboration with the standard-setters and national authorities with the expectation that the intended effects will be achieved by FSB member countries. The FSB’s framework for the identification of systemic risk in the financial system is clear about this intended influence: “The FSB’s decisions are not legally binding on its members – instead the organisation operates by moral suasion and peer pressure, in order to set internationally agreed policies and minimum standards that its members commit to implementing at national level.” As the FSB continues to consider other U.S. financial firms for designation as G-SIFIs, I encourage my fellow Council members whose agencies are members of the FSB to not again allow the FSB to “front-run” or pressure decisions that must be made first by the Council as a whole.
In my view, delegating policymaking to an international body is not that consistent with American administrative law principles, and entirely necessary in financial regulation.  It will be fascinating to see how the courts grapple with the problem.
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