英语翻译4.DiscussionBased on the data obtained,we suppose the drastic increasein the activity of glycolytic enzymes and accumulationof reserve carbohydrates within the first week of agingto be an adaptation step,which enables cells to maintainviability.The first step in reali_作业帮 英语翻译4.DiscussionBased on the data obtained,we suppose the drastic increasein the activity of glycolytic enzymes and accumulationof reserve carbohydrates within the first week of agingto be an adaptation step,which enables cells to maintainviability.The first step in realization of these mechanismsis increase of the upper branch of glycolytic enzyme activitythat further promotes glucose utilization.Enhanced formationof glycolytic intermediates and their involvement invarious biochemical reactions constitute the second stage.Finally,the eventual accumulation of reserve carbohydratesin the cell takes place as a consequence of these processes.In such a way,cells were able to efficiently maintain their viabilityright up to the end of the second week.Further agingof the culture,with the activity of glycolytic enzymes fallingand the cells losing their ability to accumulate glycogen andtrehalose,led to a decrease in the intensity of cell adaptationmechanisms.This very fact might well have been an immediatereason of cell viability decrease in the aging population.The similar regularity of first an abrupt increase and thena slapping fall of trehalose content in E.coli cells under coldshock is described in the work (Kandor et al.,2002).Nodoubt,it is interesting that in our conditions the cells maintainedtheir viability after 4 weeks of aging,when they werealready unable to accumulate reserve carbohydrates.Meanwhile,in the work of Lillie it is reported that yeast cellsquickly die after having lost the ability to accumulate reservecarbohydrates (Lillie and Pringle,1980).We could explainsuch discrepancies.Lillie used the model of stationary phasewhen cells are in conditions of carbon-depleted medium,which undoubtedly increases a lot the percentage of celldeath.In our conditions,the aging culture was maintainedon a regularly renewed medium.Cell aging under conditionsof regularly replaced growth medium not only lacksthe cross effects of medium exhaustion and toxic metabolicproducts,but also promotes the development of adaptationmechanisms,enabling the aging cells to maintain their viabilityfor some time without reserve carbohydrates.At furtheraging of the culture,these adaptation mechanisms maystrengthen due to selection within the population.This leadsto the appearance of long-living cells,which acquire a numberof new biochemical characteristics in their metabolismas a result of selection.At the same time,even the developmentof adaptation mechanisms could not provide long-termsurvival of aging cells unable to accumulate reserve carbohydrates,because the cell culture died completely by week 8of aging. 4. Discussion4.探讨Based on the data obtained, we suppose the drastic increase基于获得的数据,我们认为大幅增加in the activity of glycolytic enzymes and accumulation糖酵解酶的活性和积累of reserve carbohydrates within the first week of aging在衰老的第一周的储备碳水化合物to be an adaptation step, which enables cells to maintain能适应的步骤,使细胞维持viability. The first step in realization of these mechanisms活力.在这些机制实现的第一步is increase of the upper branch of glycolytic enzyme activity是糖酵解酶的活性增加,上支that further promotes glucose utilization. Enhanced formation进一步促进葡萄糖的利用.增强的形成of glycolytic intermediates and their involvement in糖酵解的中间体和它们的参与various biochemical reactions constitute the second stage.各种生化反应构成的第二阶段.Finally, the eventual accumulation of reserve carbohydrates最后,最终的储备碳水化合物的积累in the cell takes place as a consequence of these processes.在细胞发生作为这些过程的结果.In such a way, cells were able to efficiently maintain their viability在这样一种方式,细胞能够有效地保持其活力right up to the end of the second week. Further aging一直到第二周的结束.进一步老化of the culture, with the activity of glycolytic enzymes falling的文化,与糖酵解酶的活性下降and the cells losing their ability to accumulate glycogen and而细胞失去他们的能力和积累的糖原trehalose, led to a decrease in the intensity of cell adaptation海藻糖,导致的细胞适应强度降低mechanisms. This very fact might well have been an immediate机制.这一事实很有可能会被立即reason of cell viability decrease in the aging population.在人口老龄化的细胞存活率下降的原因.The similar regularity of first an abrupt increase and then第一,然后突然增加的规律a slapping fall of trehalose content in E. coli cells under cold拍掉海藻糖含量在大肠杆菌细胞在冷shock is described in the work (Kandor et al., 2002). No冲击是在所述的工作（kandor等人.,2002）.没有doubt, it is interesting that in our conditions the cells maintained怀疑,有趣的是,在我们的条件下的细胞保持their viability after 4 weeks of aging, when they were其可行性后4周的老化,他们的时候already unable to accumulate reserve carbohydrates. Meanwhile,已经无法积累储备碳水化合物.同时,in the work of Lillie it is reported that yeast cells在莉莉工作据悉,酵母细胞quickly die after having lost the ability to accumulate reserve很快死亡失去积累储备能力后carbohydrates (Lillie and Pringle, 1980). We could explain碳水化合物（莉莉和普林格尔,1980）.我们可以解释such discrepancies. Lillie used the model of stationary phase这样的差异.当采用固定相模型when cells are in conditions of carbon-depleted medium,当细胞在条件培养基的碳耗尽,which undoubtedly increases a lot the percentage of cell这无疑增加了许多细胞百分比death. In our conditions, the aging culture was maintained死亡.在我们的条件下,老化的文化保持on a regularly renewed medium. Cell aging under conditions对定期更新中.细胞的老化条件下of regularly replaced growth medium not only lacks定期更换培养基不仅缺乏the cross effects of medium exhaustion and toxic metabolic中的疲惫和有毒的代谢交叉效应products, but also promotes the development of adaptation产品,而且促进适应的发展mechanisms, enabling the aging cells to maintain their viability机制,使老化细胞保持活力for some time without reserve carbohydrates. At further有一段时间没有储备碳水化合物.在进一步的aging of the culture, these adaptation mechanisms may文化的老化,这些适应机制strengthen due to selection within the population. This leads由于加强在人群中选择.这导致了to the appearance of long-living cells, which acquire a number长的活细胞的出现,取得了一批of new biochemical characteristics in their metabolism在他们新的生化代谢as a result of selection. At the same time, even the development作为一个结果,选择.同时,即使开发of adaptation mechanisms could not provide long-term适应机制不能提供长期survival of aging cells unable to accumulate reserve carbohydrates,衰老细胞无法积累储备碳水化合物的生存,because the cell culture died completely by week 8由于细胞完全死亡8周of aging.老化. 4。讨论　　基于获得的数据,我们假设急剧增加　　在糖酵解酶的活性和积累　　碳水化合物的保留在第一星期的老化　　是一个适应步骤,使细胞保持　　生存能力。第一步在实现这些机制　　是增加上层分支的糖酵解酶的活动吗　　进一步促进葡萄糖利用率。增强形成　　糖酵解的中间体和他们的参与　　各种生化反应构成第二阶段。
1)">1" ng-class="{current:{{currentPage==page}}}" ng-repeat="page in pages">