请问，什么是完全倒装、形式倒装、部分倒装？如何区分？
请问，什么是完全倒装、形式倒装、部分倒装？如何区分？
倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装 1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。 例如：In came the teacher and the class began. （老师走了进来，然后开始上课。） 2) there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都译成"有"的含义，构成完全倒装句。 例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。） 3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came. 4）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装 5)在强调状语时1）当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如： 1 Up went the plane. 2 In came the chairman and the meeting began. 注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如： 1 Out they rushed! 2 Lower and lower he bent. (2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如： 1 Round the corner walked a large policeman. 2Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man. 3 当句首状语由“only +副词”，“only +介词词组”，“only +状语从句”构成时，句子须倒装。例如： 1 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. （不属于完全倒装） 2 Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. （6）当句首状语为here, there, now, then等时，句子须倒装，主语是代词时，句子不用倒装。例如： 1）Here is a ticket for you. 2）Now comes your turn. 3）Here he comes. （7）以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如： 1）So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 2）So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus. 3）So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night. 注：在该结构中，“so +形容词”是表语的前置；“so +副词”是状语的前置。 ．在直接引语之后 在叙事性书面语中，直接引语后常跟asked Mary, answered John, said the old lady, grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些 词语中，动词常的主语之前，主语是代词时，不用倒装。例如： 1）“What do you mean?” asked Henry. 2）“What do you mean?” he asked. . often, many a time等表示频度的状语置于句首时 例如：Often did they think of going there, but they never had a chance. 12．在as, though引导的让步状语从句中 在as, though引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。例如： 1）Small as the atom is, we can smash it. 2）Big as the workpiece is, it is turned out with Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。 Out he rushed. 注意： 1) 在here, there引出的倒装句中，当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句，但当主语是代词时，就要用部分倒装句。 例：Here comes the postman!（邮递员终于来了！注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。） Here we are.（我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。） 2) 当主语是代词，谓语是系动词，表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时，可以使用完全倒装句，起强调作用。 例：Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.（他真幸运，被一所名牌大学录取了。） Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.（中国典型的是相声表演，两个喜剧演员通过文字游戏逗乐观众）部分倒装解析 1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。 Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about（疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活） 2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法： 例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。） In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.（据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化） 3) 以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。 Only in the country can you learn the “true English”. 4）一些如scarcely……when, no sooner ……than, hardly……when引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。 注意：在部分倒装句中，只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前，其它部分都要置于主语之后。 5）此外，一些介词+no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装，这些结构包括 b in/un at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 注意： a) 如果含有从句时，只要求主句倒装： 例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.（只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。） b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装： 例： It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.（直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。） c) 如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。 例：Hardly any people having been invited went there.（几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。） 6) 由no matter how, however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装，因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面，然后才是主语和谓语，形成形式上的部分倒装句： 例：I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.（我一点也不了解这条河，不知道它有多长，多宽或多深。） 7) 由as引导的部分倒装句： a) 当as作为比较意义时，即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时，如果把第一个as省略掉，就形成部分倒装句。 例：Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.（正如她家里人一样谨慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。） She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).（她跑上楼去，跑得象兔子那么快！） b) 当 as引导让步状语时，和although, though一样，当用作“尽管”之义时，可以用于部分倒装句。 Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.(虽然他很用功，但他还是没及格) c) 表示原因时，为了强调起见，也可以倒装。 例：Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.（因为他太累了，我们决定不打扰他。） d) 等于so时，意义是“也，也是” 例：She worked hard, so/ as did her husband. （她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。）so, neither, nor倒装 除了构成上述倒装句以外，还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话，构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。 a) 当so表示“也，相同，那样”时，通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容，要求使用完全倒装句： He promised to finish my homework, so did I. b) so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句，表示强调so /such和that之间的部分： 例：So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her. c)也存在such+be+主语的情况用以强调，例如Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.(阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦是一个有伟大成就的普通人) d) neither和nor共有4种倒装形式，其含义分别为： 1) 完全倒装时：表示"也不"，和上文a）用法正好相反，表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。 例：You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I .（你不知道现在该做什么，我也不知道。） 2) 和其它否定副词连用，表示"也（不）"，也要求用完全倒装句： 例：The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither retreat could they .（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。） 注意：若把这句话改成："The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。）"就不必倒装。 She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper. 3) 用在肯定句里，构成一般否定倒装： 例：All that is true, nor must we forget it.（那全都是真的，我们可不能忘记。）部分倒装作用 有承上启下作用，表示同意和赞同： 例：A: I couldn't do anything for her.（我帮不了她。） B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.（你是不能帮她，但你本可以找人帮她的。） 2) 在进行比较的句子里，如果主语不是代词时，可以倒装： 例：America consumes more energy than did our country.（美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。） 3）在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒装。如May you happy. 4）在文学作品中常出现倒装，有些是由于语法习惯，有些是为了简单的修辞，如Not even one cloud will I bring away（不带走一片云彩）.不用倒装的地方 注:如果only后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装. Only Wang Ling knows this . 如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，用倒装结构；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。 " Let's go ," said the man .
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外语领域专家帮我讲解一下倒装句，全部倒装和部分倒装_百度知道
帮我讲解一下倒装句，全部倒装和部分倒装
提问者采纳
全部倒装和部分倒装用法详解一、使用全部倒装的情况
1.在there be/lie/stand/live/seem/appear/exist/come/go/seem句型中。如：
There goes the ambulance.救护车来了。
2.表示地点、方向、时间的副词（here, out, in,up, down, back off, away, now, then等）位于句首时。谓语动词多为表示运动的不及物动词（go, come, leave, move, run, rush, ny, jump等）。如：
Here is a telegram for you.这儿有你一封电报。
Down jumpedthe man from the horse.那人从马上跳下来。
在上述情况中，主语是代词时，则不用倒装。如：
Here you are.给你。
In he came and the meeting began.他进来，会议就开始了。
3.表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。如：
Between the two buildings stands a tall pine.两座楼之间有棵大松树。
4.直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时，点明说话人的部分主谓语要倒装。如：
&Are you listening to English on the radio?& said Mother.
但，引述动词后有间接宾语或状语时，不倒装。如：
5.在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如：
Long live our great country!伟大的祖国万岁！二、使用部分倒装的情况
1.only修饰的状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）位于句首时。如：
Only after three operations was he able to walk without sticks.做过三次手术之后，他才能不用拐杖行走。
Only with more practice can you pass the driving test.只有多练习你才能通过驾驶考试。
但only修饰主语时，则不倒装。如：
Only that girl knew how to work out the problem.只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。
2.含有否定意义的副词（never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere等）位于句首时。如：
Seldom in all my life have l met such a brave man.我一生很少见过这么勇敢的人。
Never did she care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.虽然她处于极大的危险之中，但她根本不顾自己的安全。
3.not until位于句首时。如：
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19世纪初，人们才知道热是何物。
在复合句中，只有主句用倒装，until引导的从句不倒装。如：
Not until he loses his health will he give up drinking.他直到失去健康才会戒酒。
4.在no sooner...than..., hardly/scarccly/barely...when...结构中，前面部分位于句首时，其后的分句要部分倒装（谓语用过去完成时）。如：
Hardly had the baby seenthe dogwhen she cried.那女婴一看到狗就哭了起来。
NO sooner had the interpreter returned home than he was told to go to another country.那位翻译刚踏进国门就又受命要去他国。
5.not only...(but also)...位于句首引导两个分句时，前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装，第二个分句则不倒装。如：
Not only does he teach in school, but hewrites novels.他不但在学校教书，而且还写小说。
Not only did she speak correctly, but also she spoke fluently.她不但说得正确，而且说得流利。
6.so/neither/nor开头的句子，说明前面的内容也适用于后者时，用倒装句“so/neither/nor+be/have/助动词／情态动词＋主语”。如：
She hasbeen to Dalian and so have I.她去过大连，我也去过。
John can't speak Japanese, nor can Helen.约翰不会讲日语，海伦也不会。
但同意对方的看法，表示“是的、确实”之意时，用“so+主语＋be/have／助动词／情态动词”句式，即主谓不倒装。目前考查这种句式的省份较多。如：
—Maggie had a wonderful time at the pany.
—_______________, and so did I.
A. So she had
B. So had she
C. So she did
D. So did she
（05安徽）
7.as/thoush引导让步状语从句时，可将谓语部分的形容词／名词／动词等提到句首，采用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。如：
Brave as they were, the danger made them afraid.尽管他们很勇敢，但这样的危险仍使他们感到畏惧。
8.在so/such...that...结构中，so/such及其修饰部分位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。如：
So beautiful was the girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest.那女孩那么漂亮，她在选美比赛中获得冠军。
Such an instructive speech did he make that all the listeners were moved.他发表的演说那么有教育意义，以至于所有的听众都很感动。
9.在含有were/had/should虚拟条件句中，省去if，把这三个词放在句首时。如：
Were she here now(=If she were here now), she would take good care of her parents.如果她现在在这儿，她就能照顾她的父母了。
Had you attended the graduate ceremony(=If you had attended the graduate ceremony), I should haveseen you.要是你参加了毕业典礼，我就会见到你了。
10.在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如：
May you be happy!祝你幸福！
祝你学习进步，更上一层楼！请记得采纳，谢谢！(*^__^*)
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出门在外也不愁什么是倒装句_百度知道
什么是倒装句
就是正常的主谓宾结构颠倒，或者宾语前置，主语后置等。。。
倒装句，就是主语谓语位置是颠倒的句子。
一般句子，主语在谓语前；倒装句，谓语在主语前。
具体情况如下：
1. “某些副词+不及物动词+主语”的句式，需要全部倒装。常用的副词主要有：here , there , now , then , out , in , down , up , away 等，表示强调。主语是代词时，不必倒装。
Out rushed the boy .
Down came the brown wave .
2. 表示方...
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其他2条回答
在英语中 将谓语或谓语的一部分提到主语前面就叫倒装。将谓语提到主语前叫完全倒装，将谓语的一部分（情态动词。助动词。系动词等）提到主语前叫部分倒装。汉语的倒装我不知道。
倒装句（必修五Unit 4 语法）英语句子中存在两种语序：一种是正常语序，一种是倒装语序。倒装语序分两种情况：谓语动词全部置于主语前面的叫完全倒装。谓语动词只有一部分（如助动词、情态动词或be 动词）置于主语前面的叫部分倒装。完全倒装考点一△表示方位的副词（here, there, down, in, up, off, out, ahead、away）或介词短语（表方位、地点的）置于句首时，句子要用完全倒装。此类倒装结构中谓语动词多为表示运动的词，如go, come, rush.①The door opened and in came the headmaster.②By his side stood a little boy.③There lived an old man in Rome.④On the teacher’s desk are the new books for the pupils.⑤Before us lay a vast expanse of golden crops.⑥Along the wall stood four big book cases.⑦Ahead of us lay ten days of intensive training.⑧South of the city lies a big zoo.
⑨ This is our building, on top of which is flying a red flag.We will visit the school, in front of which flows a small river. △副词now，then，thus等置于句首引导的句子，谓语动词是come，go，begin，follow，end，be等词时，句子要用完全倒装。①Now comes your turn.②Then began our new lesson.③Then came the news that the president would visit our city.Then followed a shot of gun.④Thus ended the meeting.△注意：当句子的主语是人称代词时，句子不倒装。请看以下例句：①Out rushed the boy.
Out he rushed.②Here you are.
Here it is.考点二 为了句子的平衡或强调表语，将表语置于句首时，句子用完全倒装。此类倒装句的结构：adj/ v-ed/ v-ing/ 介词短语+系动词+主语①Present at the meeting was Professor White.(形容词)②Greatly loved in China are the English Romantic poets.(过去分词)③Hanging on the wall was a painting.(现在分词)④Typical for China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.(形容词)⑤Gone are the days when I was looked down upon.(过去分词式的形容词)部分倒装结构：部分谓语（助动词/情态动词/系动词）+主语+实义动词+…
考点三 Only位于句首+状语（副词/介词短语/状语从句）+部分倒装句①Only then did he know who was his mother.②Only by working hard can we succeed.③Only when one is away from home does he realize how nice home is. ④Only after every doctor got ready could the patient be operated on.考点四 否定词或半否定意义的词位于句首时。这类词有never, little, few, seldom, hardly, nowhere, scarcely, barely, rarely；常见的短语有not + 副词或副词短语：not until, by no means, in no way, in no case, at no time, on / under no circumstances, not only… no sooner… hardly/ scarcely…when…; neither… nor…等。①Never have I seen such a person (06.安徽考查了Never在句首)②Not only does he like English, but also he learns it well.③Nowhere else in the world can you see such a wonderful sight.④Not a single mistake did he make.⑤At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
On no account should the house be left unlocked.⑥Not until his health was lost, did he know what it was worth.(部分倒装句)
It was not until his health was lost that he knew what it was worth .（强调句）⑦Hardly had I reached the bus station when the bus started. = No sooner had I reached the bus station than the bus started.(要注意主句和从句的时态)(06.天津) No sooner had she gone than it happened.考点五△ So + 助动词/ be/ 情态动词 + 主语（……也一样）△ Neither/ nor+ be/ 助动词/ 情态动词 + 主语（……也这样）①I don’t enjoy singing, nor do I like computers.②If you don’t go, neither will I. ③I have been to B so has she.△ He can dance well but cannot sing. So it is with Jack./ It is the same with Jack.
So it is/ was with sb (前面所提情况有人也有物或动词有肯定也有否定或有be 也有情态动词)，“某人也是这种情况”。△Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life.
Our eating habits have changed, and so has our way of life.考点六 △Such a + adj + n. +部分倒装 + that从句△So + adj/ adv + 部分倒装 + that从句△So + adj + a + n +部分倒装 + that从句①So interesting is the book that he can’t tear himself away from it. So interesting a book is it that he can’t tear himself away from it.②So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.③Such an instructive speech did he make that all the listeners were moved.④So instructive a speech did he make that all the listeners were moved.⑤Such would be our home in the future.Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.△ So many/ few/ much/ little + 名词+部分倒装+ that 从句So many falls have I had that I’m black and blue all over.So much noise did they make that we couldn’t hear the teacher.考点七
if 的虚拟条件中含有should, had或were，省略了if要把should, had, were 放在句首。请记住以下基本用法（必背）：if从句主句例句与现在事实相反if+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）主语+would/ shouldcould/ might+动词原形If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.与将来事实相反①If+主语+动词过去式②if+主语+were to+动词原形③if+主语+should+动词原形主语+would/ shouldcould/ might+动词原形If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. If you should not came, we would put off the meeting.与过去事实相反If+主语+had +过去分词主语+would /should /could /might +have +过去分词If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed the exams.
①If it should rain, the crops would grow better.→Should it rain, the crops would grow better.②If there were no steel, there would be no modern industry. →Were there no steel, there would be no modern industry.③If it had not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk. →Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk.考点八
形/ 副/ 名词/ 动词原形/ 分词+ as / though + 主语+…①Poor as he was, he was honest.②Child as he is, he knows a lot about history.（名词之前无冠词）③Much as I like this book, I like others much better.④(05.广东)Try as he might, he couldn’t open the door.⑤Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward.⑥Strange as his idea sounds, it seems to be performing well.其他情况：①May you succeed!
May all your best wishes come true!②Thus did he finish the job. (也可以不倒装) Thus he finished the job.③（07.上海）Rarely did a debate attract so much media attention.(07.陕西) So successful was her business that Marie was able to set up new branches. (09.四川)Not until I came back last night did Mum go to bed.(08.湖北)Seldom have they played video games ever since they entered college.(06.重庆)By no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.(08.辽宁)Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report, and neither was I.
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你可能喜欢英语中的倒装句是什么概念？_百度知道
英语中的倒装句是什么概念？
我不太理解英语中的倒装句究竟是怎么变得？最好可以举几个句子来说明，谢谢！急！
有很多情况下句子要用倒装比如:以否定开头的像Never/Seldom....Never did I see such a beautiful woman before.我以前从来没见过这么漂亮的女人．这里的did是助动词提前，实义动词在后面，这叫做半倒装，也就是你说的情况（当然还有像have/had等等助动词提前的情况，这取决于句子）．而有些情况下是完全倒装，主要是地点状语或地点名词开头，等等（你以后会学到的）．例如：There stands a tree.那里有棵树．这里就是完全倒装，谓语动词完全提前．还有就是固定的表达，像Here comes the bus车来了，There rings the bell．铃响了
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英语倒装句(Inversion)　　主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序：　　一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序（Natural Order）；　　二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序（Inverted Order）。　　而倒装语序中又有完全倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion）　　完全倒装（Full Inversion）:又称&全部倒装&,是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。　　部分倒装（Partial Inversion）:指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。　　英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。　　前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。 　　 一、 表示强调:　　倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下: 　　1.only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。 　　例子:　　Only in this way can you solve this problem. 　　只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。 　　Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.　　只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。 　　2. hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no more, no longer,not, not only, no sooner, not only … (but also),not until… 等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。　　例子:　　No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 　　我刚到家就下起了雨。 　　Seldom do I go to work by bus. 　　我很少乘公共汽车上班。 　　她还没来得及坐下来，就听见有人敲门。　　Not until twelve o'clock did he go to bed last night .　　3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。 　　例子:　　So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 　　他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。 　　To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 　　她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。 　　以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。 　　 二、 承上启下　　1.为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复，常用&so+be动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语&或&neither/nor + be动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语&的倒装句式。　　其中第一个句式表示&与前面所述的肯定情况相同&，第二个句式表示&与前面所述的否定情况相同&。　　例子:　　A:His brother
B:so is mine.(nor is mine .)　　A:他弟弟是大学生，B:我弟弟也是。(我弟弟也不是。)　　A:He used to have his
B:so did I.(neither did I.) 　　A:他曾去国外深造过。B:我也去过。(我也没有。) 　　A:One of my friends can speak thr B:so can his wife.(neither can his wife .)　　A:我的一个朋友会说三门外国语。B:他的妻子也会。(他的妻子也不会。)　　2.倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。 　　例子:　　They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 　　他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。 　　We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 　　我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。 　　 三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛　　在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。　　如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节: 　　Out of the bosom of the Air, 　　Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken, 　　Over the woodlands brown and bare, 　　Over the harvest-fields forsaken, 　　Silent, and soft, and slow, 　　Descends the snow. 　　在这一节诗里,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露,造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。 　　 四、 平衡结构　　英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。 　　1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。 　　　　例子:　　A.To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. 　　B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. 　　一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。 　　A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities. 　　B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities. 　　地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。 　　从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。 　　2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。　　例子:　　Such would be our home in the future. 　　我们将来的家就是这个样子。 　　3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。　　例子:　　Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 　　你盼望已久的信在这儿。 　　 五、 使描写生动　　有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。 　　例子:　　Up went the rocket into the air. 　　嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。 　　Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 　　当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。 　　Boom went the cannon! 　　轰隆一声大炮开火了! 　　Bang came another shot!　　砰!又是一声枪响! 　　以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。 　　“Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell, helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ... 　　“Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens ) 　　作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。 　　倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 , 对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力。
1、倒装句（Inversion）英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。一、倒装的类型类型 例句说明完全倒装 Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友。 整个谓语移至主语之前。部 分 倒 装Seldom does he go to school late.他上学很少迟到。 只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语之前。二、倒装结构的基本用法1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装情况例句说明疑问句中 Have you got a dictionary?你有一本字典吗？Where did he go last Monday?上星期一他去什么地方了？Are you listening to the radio?你在听广播吗？Who told you the news?谁告诉你那个消息的？Which boy broke this glass?哪个男孩子把这个玻璃打破了？ 用完全或部分倒装，但以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用正常语序。“there be”结构中 There are three wells in our village.我们村里有三口水井。There stands a big paper making factory by the river.河边有座大型造纸厂。 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中 Here is a letter for you.这儿有你一封信。There goes the bell. 铃响了。Now comes your turn to play.现在轮到你玩了。Away went the crowd one by one .人们一个一个地离去。Look, there he comes!
看，他来了。Down she went
她下来了。 使用完全倒装结构。但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。在以neither nor 或no more开头的句子中 I can’t swim, nor (neither)can she .我不会游泳，她也不会。He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。He did not turn up. No more did his wife. 他没有来，他妻子也没有来。 表示……也不这样， neither和nor意思相同，可以替换使用，no more表示动作的程度并不比前面提到的稍强。意为也不…。用在as（尽管）引导的让步状语从句中 Proud as the nobles are ,he is afraid to see me .尽管这些贵族很傲慢，他却害怕见我。Young as he is, he knows a lot .虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西。 从属连句as用于特殊语序，含义与though, although相同，但“as”这种结构可表示非常强烈的对照，必须用倒装（表语提前）2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装。（使句子更加流畅，更加生动）情况例句说明含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时 Never before have we seen such a sight.以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。Little did I think that he could be back alive.我没有想到他竟能活着回来。Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift.我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.不仅他所有的一切被没收了，而且连他的德国公民权也被剥夺了。 常用否定词有：
never, not, hardly, scarcely seldom, little, not until, not only…but also, no sooner …than, hardly (scarcely)…when等。一般主句用部分倒装结构。副词only放在句首时 Only then did he realize his mistakes .只有在那时，他才认识到自己的错误。Only in this way can you learn maths well .只有用这种方法，你才能学好数学。Only Mother can understand me .只有母亲最理解我。Only three of us failed in the exam.我们中只有三个人考试不及格。 only 起强调作用，其句型为“only +状语+部分倒装”。如置于句首的only修饰主语，则不用倒装结构。虚拟语气条件从句中 Were they here, they would help us .他们要是在这儿，他们会帮助我们的。Had I been informed earlier. I could have done something.我要是早得到通知，我就能干事了。Should you fail, take more pain and try again.万一你失败了，就要更加刻苦，重新再干。
把从句中if省略将were，had或should放在主语的前面。直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时 “He is a clever boy”said the teacher.老师说：“他是个聪明的孩子。”“Go, Dick, go!”cried Tom,“Go home and get help”“走，狄克，走！”汤姆呼喊着，“快回家去求援”“What do you think of the film? ”he asked.他问“你认为这部电影怎么样？”“I’m leaving for Hongkong next month”Mary told me yesterday.玛利告诉我“我下月要去香港”。 主句主语和谓语次序颠倒，用完全倒装。但如果主句主语为代词时或谓语部分比主语长，一般不用倒装。表示祝愿的句子中 May you succeed!
祝你成功。Long live the Communist Party of China.中国共产党万岁！ 谓语动词或谓语的一部分放在主语的前面。副词so在句首 He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I .他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。They will learn chemistry next term, so will I .他们下学期学化学，我也学。I can drive a car, so can my younger brother.我会开汽车，我弟弟也会开车。 表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中。—Tom won the first prize for the English
competition.－So he did.英语竞赛汤姆获得了一等奖。确实如此。It was cold yesterday. So it was .昨天天气冷。的确冷。 如果后面的句子只是单纯重复前句的意思，不表示也适用于另一人或事，则不用倒装结构。在频度状语often, always, many a time等开头的句子中 Often did we warn them not to do so.我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。Many a time has she helped me with my English.她不止一次地帮助或学习英语。 在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首 Thus ended his life.这样结束了他的生命。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him .他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。 介词短语作状语，放在句首 In the middle of the room stood a little girl.在房间中央站着一个小女孩。In the distance was a horse.马在远处。 在强调表语的句子中 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.阿尔伯特??曼因斯坦就是这样一个人，一个纯朴而又取得巨大成就的人。Such is life. 生活就是这样。Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.附近有两只他们来这个岛乘坐的独木船。 表语提前，不仅为了强调，而且为了使句子结构达到平衡协调，或使上下文紧密衔接。
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