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你可能喜欢英语时态区别现在完成进行时与现在完成时语法和结构上有什么区别?为什么往往出题都能看到两种句子后面都可以加since时间点或for时间段?请举例说明!
现在完成时是英文时态的一种现在完成时的用法 have(has)+过去分词(done) 1.现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:已可以吃饭了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 3. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet 4. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions. 5. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year. The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful. 6. 现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性. Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语) Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(同第2点用法第一个例句) 7. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester.
现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法” 1.现在完成时的"完成用法" 现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系. 例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了.(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了.) 现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...,today等)连用. 例如： Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗? 2.现在完成时的"未完成用法" 现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去. 例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿.(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去.) I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了.(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去.) 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now,so far)等. 例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息. 注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词.如：come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等. (2)现在完成时常见两种句型： ①主语＋have / has been＋for短语 ②It is＋一段时间＋ since从句 例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了 一.have/has been doing sth. 1.现在完成进行时 当后面接有一段时间的词时,或是加表示时间的词时,可以用现在完成时.如果这件事现在还在持续或还在做,则可用 现在完成进行时. 如:I have been skating for 4 hours. I have finished my homework. 2.现在完成时的被动语态. 后接动词的过去分词. 如:The building has been built for 5 years. 现在完成进行时的谓语动词构成 I/ we/ you/ they have been workinghe/ she/ it has been working（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去.The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国有2000年的造纸历史.（动作还将继续下去）I have been learning English since three years ago.自从三年前以来我一直在学英语.（动作还将继续下去）（二）表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作.We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了.（动作不在继续下去）（三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子.They have been living in this city for ten years.They have lived in this city for ten years.他们在这个城市已经住了10年了.I have been working here for five years.I have worked here for five years.我在这里已经工作两年了.（四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子.I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）我一直在写一本书.I have written a book.（动作已经完成）我已经写了一本书.They have been building a bridge.他们一直在造一座桥.They have built a bridge.他们造了一座桥.（五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时.I have known him for years.我认识他已经好几年了.* I have been knowing...这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱,like喜欢,hate讨厌,等.比较过去时与现在完成时 1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响. 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语. 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不确定的时间状语 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等. 举例： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了.） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了.） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了.） Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争.） She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了. She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了. He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为.) I have finished my homework now. ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White? ---He's already been sent for. 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时. （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 过去完成时 1） 概念：表示过去的过去 ----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成. 那时以前 那时 现在 2） 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句. She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时；发生在后,用一般过去时. When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as. He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 现在完成进行时 :其构成形式如下： I / we / they have He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下： 1） 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动,如： Ann is very tired. She has been working hard. Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing? 2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动,如： It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下) Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently. 3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在,可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内,重复发生的行动,如： She has been playing tennis since she was eight. 4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响,而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身,如： Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car. The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
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其他类似问题
扫描下载二维码一道高二英语选择Will somebody go and get Mr White ? --He’s already been___________. A. asked for B. sent for C. called for D. looked for选什么?为什么?知6t道 滚！
sent for邀请,召唤的意思有人去请怀特先生了吗?已经有人去叫过他了.
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其他类似问题
sent for 邀请，召唤的意思 有人去请怀特先生了吗？已经有人去叫过他了。
扫描下载二维码英语语法的时态问题.....速求 ----一个高三学子的提问_百度知道
英语语法的时态问题.....速求 ----一个高三学子的提问
have been done
had (been) done
were&#47.;was/进行时&#47，过去完成时&#47....
等等 关于一系列关于时态的语法问题
过去时，谢谢你们了，我明年要高考;.
一般现在时.，现在进行时，现在完成时.
最好配有例句的讲解.
将来时.，主要是关于英语的时态问题 最主要的是谁能给我说下高中英语语法啊，急于求接
现在、完成时也分过去、2、had been done是过去完成时的被动形式、have done是现在完成时;have&#47，将来时就比较简单了。5;is/现在就是has&#47，表示已经做了、have been done表示被动.如果是被动的话就是had/were+动词的ing形式。过去就是had +done。例如，现在时，现在式形式和be going to&#47.3;will+动词现在时形式就行了，将来进行时.2.（看1;have+done，不难的、进行时分过去;will have been done，分别用动词的过去式形式，过去进行时就是was&#47，就是1的过去式而已4。例如;将来will have+将来进行时就是will be+动词has&#47.具体是过去现在还是将来就要看句意了，而不是人;are+动词ing、一般过去时：I have finished my homework，也是一种完成时：This work has been done，主语要求是物1：现在进行时就是am&#47，现在和将来完成时、3就明白了）6
其他类似问题
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时态的相关知识
其他4条回答
一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习高考资源网惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
时间状语： every…, sometimes,at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
1.一般现在时
1)通常以动词原形表示。主语为第三人称单数时，一般在动词原形后加s或es
2)动词be（am第一人称、is第三人称、are第二人称）have第一，第二人称has第三人称
例如：I am a student. 我是个学生
He has a uncle. 他有个叔叔
It is fine today. 今天天气好
They are hungry。他们饿了
You look pale. 你脸色苍白
He knows a lot of English. 他英语懂得多
现在进行时
be（am is are）+现在分词（动词+ing）
例如：I am writing a letter 我正在写信
They are learning English 他们正在学习英语
He is translating a novel 他正在翻译一本小说
3 一般将来时
1）will/shall+动词原形
The sky is black,It think it will rain.天...
楼上ms已经说得很明白了，当然前提是你有耐心看完
我就说一下这几个时态的区别吧（一开始我也不懂，后来去问老师才明白的）
have done 现在完成时 表示事情已经做完（顾名思义~~），很多人不明白它和一般过去式的区别，其实在很多情况下如果没有上下文或者明显的时态标志，它们都可以用的，例句就不说了，太多了。但，对于高考，你要记住两点1、完成时表示的是 事情已经做了，而且对现在造成了影响（这个很重要，至于怎么判断，你自己多做题吧，确实说不清楚）2、看见明显的这些词像already，yet，never，ever，since（since这个词一般用于状语从句，主句完成时，从句过去式）常考的应该就这些，一定用完成时，相信lz有体会；看见明显的过去式的词 像yesterday，just now，often等具体时间状语一定用过去时，...
绝对原创！5分钟内记不住找我！
请拿一张纸，画一条横的长线，在这条线上点四个点
再分别在这四个点上，每个点上竖着拥有4个时态
英语总共有16种时态，4个时间点：过去，过去将来，现在，将来
一般过去时 was/were/did
过去进行时 was/were+doing
过去完成时 had+done
过去完成进行时had+been+doing
2：过去将来
一般过去将来时would+do
过去将来进行时would+be+doing
过去将来完成时 would+have+done
过去将来完成进行时would+have+been+doing
一般现在时is/am/are/do
现在进行时is/am/are+doing
现在完成时has/have+done
现在完成进行时has/have+been+doing
4：将来将来
一般将来时will+do
将来进行时will+be+doing
等待您来回答
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完全是自己的经验，学会这些英语就对你没问题收藏
先学习动词，分为很多种大家仔细看动词，就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。基本上每个完整的子句都有一个动词，要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。动词的类别表示动作和状态的词叫做动词。1） 四类句中功能分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词动词（Modal Verb）。还可以分成及物动词和不及物动词说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如：We are having a meeting.　我们正在开会。　（having是实义动词。）He has gone to New York.　他已去纽约。（has是助动词。）2）两类其后是否带有宾语分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。　说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：She can dance and sing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）3） 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。）She wants to learn English well.她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。4）根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（Phrasal Verb）、动词短语（Verbal Phrase）例如：The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。）Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。）The young ought to take care of the old.年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。）
5)动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular Form in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。动词系动词系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词。有些不具词义；有些具有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：He felt ill yesterday.　他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）He fell off the ladder.　他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher.　他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：He always kept silent at meeting.　他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery.　此事仍是一个谜。3）表像系动词用来表示&看起来像&这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：He looks tired.　他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad.　他看起来很伤心。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.　这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet.　这朵花闻起来很香。5）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：He became mad after that.　自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time.　她没多长时间就富了。6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,trun out,表达&证实&，&变成&之意，例如：The rumor proved false.　这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult.　搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success.　他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）助动词最常用的助动词有：be,have,do,shall,will,should,would 1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)2） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：a. 表示时态，例如：He is singing. 他在唱歌。He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态，例如：He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。c. 构成疑问句，例如：Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗？d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。e. 加强语气，例如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。半助动词功能介绍 在功能上介乎主动词和助动词之间的一类结构，称为半助动词。常见的半助动词有be about to,be due to,be going to,be likely to,be meant to,be obliged to,be supposed to,be willing to,have to,seem to,be unable to,be unwilling to等。情态助动词情态助动词1.情态助动词包括will(would),shall(should),can(could),may(might),must,need,dare,ought to,used to,had better后接原形不定词。2.情态助动词不受主词的人称和数的限制。3.两个情态助动词不能连用。中文：他将能够及时完成此事。(误)He will can finish it i......基本助动词基本助动词基本助动词只有三个：be,do,have,他们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行体，完成体，被动态，否定句，疑问句等。例如 He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划The small animals are kept in the cages. 小动物都关在笼子里。He doesn't smoke.......短语动词动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词（Phrasal Verb）。例如：Turn off the radio.　把收音机关上。（turn off是短语动词）短语动词的构成基本有下列几种：1） 动词+副词，如：black out；2） 动词+介词，如：look into；3） 动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词（Particle）。非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)2） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：a. 表示时态，例如：He is singing. 他在唱歌。He has got married. 他已结婚。b. 表示语态，例如：He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。c. 构成疑问句，例如：Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗？d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。e. 加强语气，例如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。半助动词功能介绍 在功能上介乎主动词和助动词之间的一类结构，称为半助动词。常见的半助动词有be about to,be due to,be going to,be likely to,be meant to,be obliged to,be supposed to,be willing to,have to,seem to,be unable to,be unwilling to等。情态助动词情态助动词1.情态助动词包括will(would),shall(should),can(could),may(might),must,need,dare,ought to,used to,had better后接原形不定词。2.情态助动词不受主词的人称和数的限制。3.两个情态助动词不能连用。中文：他将能够及时完成此事。(误)He will can finish it i......
先学习下所有动词。 其实不难仔细推敲动词，就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。基本上每个完整的子句都有一个动词，要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。动词的类别表示动作和状态的词叫做动词。1） 四类句中功能分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词动词（Modal Verb）。还可以分成及物动词和不及物动词说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如：We are having a meeting.　我们正在开会。　（having是实义动词。）He has gone to New York.　他已去纽约。（has是助动词。）2）两类其后是否带有宾语分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。　说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：She can dance and sing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）3） 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。）She wants to learn English well.她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。4）根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（Phrasal Verb）、动词短语（Verbal Phrase）例如：The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。）Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。）The young ought to take care of the old.年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。）5)动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular Form in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。动词系动词系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词。有些不具词义；有些具有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：He felt ill yesterday.　他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）He fell off the ladder.　他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher.　他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：He always kept silent at meeting.　他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery.　此事仍是一个谜。3）表像系动词用来表示&看起来像&这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：
He looks tired.　他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad.　他看起来很伤心。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.　这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet.　这朵花闻起来很香。5）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：He became mad after that.　自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time.　她没多长时间就富了。6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,trun out,表达&证实&，&变成&之意，例如：The rumor proved false.　这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult.　搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success.　他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）助动词最常用的助动词有：be,have,do,shall,will,should,would 1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)2） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：a. 表示时态，例如：He is singing. 他在唱歌。He has got married. 他已结婚。b. 表示语态，例如：He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。c. 构成疑问句，例如：Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗？d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。e. 加强语气，例如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。半助动词功能介绍 在功能上介乎主动词和助动词之间的一类结构，称为半助动词。常见的半助动词有be about to,be due to,be going to,be likely to,be meant to,be obliged to,be supposed to,be willing to,have to,seem to,be unable to,be unwilling to等。情态助动词情态助动词1.情态助动词包括will(would),shall(should),can(could),may(might),must,need,dare,ought to,used to,had better后接原形不定词。2.情态助动词不受主词的人称和数的限制。3.两个情态助动词不能连用。中文：他将能够及时完成此事。(误)He will can finish it i......基本助动词基本助动词基本助动词只有三个：be,do,have,他们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行体，完成体，被动态，否定句，疑问句等。例如 He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划The small animals are kept in the cages. 小动物都关在笼子里。He doesn't smoke.......短语动词动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词（Phrasal Verb）。例如：Turn off the radio.　把收音机关上。（turn off是短语动词）短语动词的构成基本有下列几种：1） 动词+副词，如：black out；2） 动词+介词，如：look into；3） 动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词（Particle）。非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.3)　be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4)　be about +不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。be going to / will用于条件句时， be going to　表将来will　表意愿If you are going to make a journey,you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to和be going tobe to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.　(客观安排)I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中。When Bill comes (不是will come),ask him to wait for me.I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在动词hope,take care that,make sure that等后。I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.用现在进行时表示将来意为：&意图&、&打算&、&安排&、常用于人。常用词为 come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。I'm leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week现在完成时现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状　态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去　但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或　状态。其构成：have (has) +过去分词。用于现在完成时的句型1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy have been late.2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.　这是我第一次听他唱歌。3）最基本句型主语+have/has+（already/just）+动词的过去分词+其他比较since和forSince 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born..My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.　Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.　My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.　I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。I worked here for more than twenty years.(我现在已不在这里工作。)I have worked here for many years.　(现在我仍在这里工作。)小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。1)　(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.= Tom began to study Russian three years ago,and is still studying it now.2)　(错) Harry has got married for six years.= Harry began to get married six years ago,and is still getting married now.显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.　或 Harry has been married for six years.since的四种用法1) since +过去一个时间点　(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,last month,half past six)。I have been here since 1989.2) since +一段时间+ agoI have been here since five months ago.3) since +从句　Great changes have taken place since you left.Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.4) It is +一段时间+ since从句It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.5）since和for在现在完成时态，since后面加时间点，for后面加时间段。延续动词与瞬间动词1) 用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。He has completed the work.　他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)I've known him since then.　我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)2)　用于till / until从句的差异延续动词用于肯定句，表示&做……直到……& 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示&到……，才……&He didn't come back until ten o'clock.他到10 点才回来。He slept until ten o'clock.　他一直睡到10点。过去完成时1） 概念：表示动作发生在过去，并在过去完成（即是常说的过去的过去）。用一示意图表示如下：动作发生------|----------------|----------|----&过去的过去 过去 现在其基本构成是：had+动词过去分词。2） 用法a.　在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示&原本…，未能…&We had hoped that you would come,but you didn't.3)　过去完成时的时间状语before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as。He said that he had learned some English before.By the time he was twelve,Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.注意：　had no … when　还没等…… 就……had no sooner… than　刚…… 就……He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.将来完成时1) 构成是由&shall/will + have +过去分词&构成的。　a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或已获得的经验。They will have been married for 20 years by then.You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.现在进行时现在进行时的基本用法：a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。We are waiting for you.b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr. Green is writing another novel.　(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.c. 表示渐变的动词有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。The leaves are turning red.It's getting warmer and warmer.d. 与always,constantly,forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always changing your mind.不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continueI have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词Know,realize,think see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hateI need your help.He loves her very much.3．) 瞬间动词accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.I accept your advice.4) 系动词seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turnYou seem a little tired.过去进行时1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3) 常用的时间状语this morning,the whole morning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,while将来进行时1) 概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。She'll be coming soon.I'll be meeting him sometime in the future.注意：将来进行时不用于表示&意志&，不能说 I'll be having a talk with her.2）常用的时间状语Soon,tomorrow,this evening，on Sunday,by this time，tomorrow,in two days,tomorrow eveningBy this time tomorrow,I'll be lying on the beach.时态的相互代替与比较一般现在时代替将来时时间状语从句，条件句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时When,while,before,after,till,once,as soon as,so long as,by the time,if,in case (that),unless,even if,whether,the moment,the minute,the day,the year,immediatelyHe is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。一般现在时代替过去时1 )&书上说&，&报纸上说&等。The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow.报纸上说明天会很冷的。2) 叙述往事，使其生动。Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins.一般现在时代替完成时1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时：hear,tell,learn,write,understand,forget,know,find,say,　remember.I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.
2) 句型 & It is … since…&代替&It has been … since …&3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met.一般现在时代替进行时1) 句型：Here comes… ； There goes…Look,here comes Mr. Li.现在进行时代替将来时1) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。Are you staying with us this weekend? 这周和我们一起度周末吗We are leaving soon.　我们马上就走。2) 渐变动词，如：get,run,grow,become,begin及die。He is dying.用一般过去时代替完成时1)　两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。When she saw the mouse，she screamed.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.2．) 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。When I heard the news,I was very excited.3)　叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.比较过去时与现在完成时1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,last week，…ago,in1980,in October,just now,具体的时间状语共同的时间状语：　this morning,tonight,this April,now,once，before,already,recently，lately　现在完成时的时间状语for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,　till / until,up to now,in past years,always,不确定的时间状语3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married等。举例：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）　Why did you get up so early（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）Who hasn't handed in his paper?　（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）She has returned from Paris.　她已从巴黎回来了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)He joined the League three years ago.　( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)I have finished my homework now.　---Will somebody go and get Dr. White---He's already been sent for.　句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday,last,week,in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.语态语态有两种主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。1）若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态　时，该不定式前要加&to&。此类动词为感官动词。feel,hear,help,listen to,look at,make,observe,see,notice,watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.--& I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).We saw him play football on the playground.--& He was seen to play football on the playground.2）情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.let 的用法1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。They let the strange go.---& The strange was let go.2） 若let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.----& I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.　Such a thing has never been heard of before..表示&据说&或&相信& 的词组believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understandIt is said that…　据说　It is reported that… 据报道　It is believed that…　大家相信　It is hoped that…　大家希望It is well known that… 众所周知　It is thought that…　大家认为It is suggested that…　据建议　It is taken granted that…　被视为当然　It has been decided that… 大家决定　It must be remember that…务必记住的是It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.语态的注意事项不用被动语态的情况1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear,die disappear,end (vi. 结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreak out,come true,fall asleep,keep silence,lose heart,take place.After the fire,very little remained of my house.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。(错) The price has been risen.(对) The price has risen.(错) The accident was happened last week.　(对) The accident happened last week.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch agree with,arrive at / in,shake hands with,succeed in,suffer from,happen to,take part in,walk into,belong toThis key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.3) 系动词无被动语态：appear,be become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnIt sounds good.4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die,death,dream,live,lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night.5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。(对) She likes to swim.(错) To swim is liked by her.主动形式表示被动意义1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,drive…
The book sells well.　这本书销路好。This knife cuts easily.　这刀子很好用。2)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,buildI was to blame for the accident.Much work remains.3) 在need,require,want,worth (形容词),deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。This book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。被动形式表示主动意义be determined,be pleased,be graduated (from),be finished,be prepared (for),be occupied (in),get marriesHe is graduated from a famous university.他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。He married a rich girl.He got married to a rich girl.need/want/require/worth注意：当 need,want,require,worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。Your hair wants cutting.　你的头发该理了。The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。The book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。被动语态更多介绍一、 被动语态的用法：2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch agree with,arrive at / in,shake hands with,succeed in,suffer from,happen to,take part in,walk into,belong toThis key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.3) 系动词无被动语态：appear,be become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnIt sounds good.4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die,death,dream,live,lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night.5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。(对) She likes to swim.(错) To swim is liked by her.主动形式表示被动意义1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,drive…The book sells well.　这本书销路好。This knife cuts easily.　这刀子很好用。2)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,buildI was to blame for the accident.Much work remains.3) 在need,require,want,worth (形容词),deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。This book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。被动形式表示主动意义be determined,be pleased,be graduated (from),be finished,be prepared (for),be occupied (in),get marriesHe is graduated from a famous university.他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。He married a rich girl.He got married to a rich girl.need/want/require/worth注意：当 need,want,require,worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。Your hair wants cutting.　你的头发该理了。
The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。The book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。被动语态更多介绍一、 被动语态的用法：6． You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1． 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 yearsThe dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2． 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well.This new book sells well.3． 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.4． 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.5． 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.动词的分类动词分为五种：记物动词，不及物动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词1．及物动词：是指后面需要使用宾语是其意义完整的动词.如：那条狗是这个孩子高兴起来。That dog makes the boy happy.2．不及物动词：是指后面不需要宾语而意义完整的动词如： 我住在北京. I live in Beijing.3．连系动词：一个表示谓语关系的动词，后面必须接表语（通常为名词或形容词）一起使用。最主要的联系动词是&be (am is are)&. 其他常用的连系动词还有：seem 似乎 look 看起来 appear 好象 become 变成 keep 保持 get （成为）如：他是一位好教师。He is a good teacher.这花很好闻。The flower smells good.4．助动词：是指用来帮助主要动词完成语法功能的动词。这类动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语。他们可以在句中与实义动词一起帮助构成疑问句，否定句，进行时态，完成时态和将来时态。6． You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1． 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 yearsThe dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2． 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well.This new book sells well.3． 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.4． 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.5． 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.动词的分类动词分为五种：记物动词，不及物动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词1．及物动词：是指后面需要使用宾语是其意义完整的动词.如：那条狗是这个孩子高兴起来。That dog makes the boy happy.2．不及物动词：是指后面不需要宾语而意义完整的动词如： 我住在北京. I live in Beijing.3．连系动词：一个表示谓语关系的动词，后面必须接表语（通常为名词或形容词）一起使用。最主要的联系动词是&be (am is are)&. 其他常用的连系动词还有：seem 似乎 look 看起来 appear 好象 become 变成 keep 保持 get （成为）如：他是一位好教师。He is a good teacher.这花很好闻。The flower smells good.4．助动词：是指用来帮助主要动词完成语法功能的动词。这类动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语。他们可以在句中与实义动词一起帮助构成疑问句，否定句，进行时态，完成时态和将来时态。
朋友有心啊，收了，谢谢。
来不及看了
能不能做成一个txt文件啊，这样也方便大家。
学习外语最重要的就是语言环境，要经常跟别人交流，其他还有通过电话和互联网，这些培训方法是利用他们自己研发的一套系统跟外教一对一地学习英语口语，不用特意留到周六日进行培训，每天只要有空都可以上课的方法也是很有效!
英语是工具，别忘了他的本质（搞英语文学的除外）
楼主太有爱了
好，学习了。
哈哈，一起学习，我这里有个好好的学习英语网站和大家分享，大家不妨来看看，我也经常去觉得好才推选给大家哦！
have a seat
大爱楼主，这个是完整的吗？
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