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2014中考英语语法专项复习:被动语态 英语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,又叫施动者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,又叫受动者。区分主动语态和被动语态,主要看主语是执行者还是承受者。如:
The flowers and grass should be watered .(____语态)
We should water the flowers and grass .(____语态)
◆一 构成
1.被动语态是由“助动词be +过去分词”构成的,助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。Tom broke the cup .(主动语态) → The cup was broken by Tom .(被动语态)
2.被动语态有以下8种:
一般现在时:be(am / is are) +过去分词 Trees are planted in spring .
一般过去时:be(was / were) +过去分词 The house was built last year .
现在进行时:be(am / is are) + being +过去分词 The car is being repaired .
过去进行时:be(was / were) + being +过去分词
现在完成时:have / has + been +过去分词 The light has been turned off .
过去完成时:had + been +过去分词
一般将来时:will be +过去分词 Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever .
含情态动词的:情态动词+ be +过去分词 My homework can be finished in two hours . 3.被动语态常用于以下场合:
①不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。如:My bike was stolen yesterday .我的自行车昨天被偷了。
②强调动作的执行者时,使用“by +动作的执行者”。如:The pen was used by my father .这支钢笔是我父亲用过的。
※ 只有及物动词才有被动形式,不及物动词如rise / come / go / take / place / happen等,没有被动形式。
◆二 主动语态变被动语态的步骤
通常遵循以下三个步骤:
1. 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2. 把主动语态的谓语动词变为与其时态相对应的被动形式,且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。
3. 将主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,置于句末。“by +宾语”在句中常省略。
主动语态:Many people speak English . 这里还需要连线!
被动语态:English . is spoken by many people .
如:Lu Xun wrote this book .→ This book was written by Lu Xun .这本书是鲁迅写的。
People are cutting down many trees now .→ Many trees are being cut down now .现在许多树正被砍伐。
◆三 主动语态和被动语态的转换
1.双宾语的被动形式
双宾语的句子在变为被动语态时,有两种变法:
① 如果把指人的间接宾语变为主语,那么指物的直接宾语保留不动。如:His teacher gave him a book .→He was given a book by his teacher . He has bought me a present .→I have been bought a present .
② 如果要将指物的直接宾语变为主语,那么动词后要用介词to / for,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定的。如:His teacher gave him a book .→A book was given to him by his teacher . He has bought me a present .→A present has been bought for me .
※ 常见的能接双宾语的动词有give / show / bring / lend / send等,这些词与介词to搭配;buy / make / draw等,这些词与介词for搭配。
2.动词短语的被动语态
许多不及物动词加上介词或副词后构成的短语动词相当于及物动词,是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时不能把短语动词分开,也不能漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词。 如:
① We should speak to old men politely .→Old men should be spoken to politely .
② He always takes care of his sister .→His sister is always taken care of (by him).
③ She turned off the radio .→The radio was turned off (by her).
3. 省略的to动词不定式用于被动语态
在主动语态中,一些表示感官或使役的动词,如hear / watch / see / feel / notice / listen to / look at / let /make / have和help等后面的宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式,但句子在变为被动语态后要加to。如:
① He made the girl stay at home .→The girl was made to stay at home .
② We often hear her sing in the room .→She is often heard to sing in the room .
③ The boss made them work for 16 hours a day .→They were made to work for 16 hours a day (by the boss).
4. 主动形式表被动意义
① 动词need,want以及短语be(well)worth等后面常接动名词,以主动形式表示被动意义。如:
The room needs cleaning .这房子需要打扫。 The piece of music is worth listening to .这首曲子值得听。
② 某些表示主语质地、自身特征的动词,如write / wash / sell / clean / cook等,常和副词well或easily连用,用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
The cloth washes easily .这种布容易洗。 The pen writes well .这支笔很好用。
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你可能喜欢主动语态表被动意义和被动语态表主动意义
一、主动形式表被动意义 1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive,peel等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动形式表被动意义。如: This orange peels easily. 这个橘子很容易剥皮。 This kind of skirt sells well here. 这种样式的衬衫很好卖。 This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布耐洗。 The car drives well. 这辆车很好开。 2.look,sound,taste,smell,feel等系动词用主动形式表被动意义。如: Uniforms look ugly on us.我们穿着制服很难看。 Mooncakes taste delicious.月饼尝起来很好。 The song sounds wonderful.这首歌听上去极棒。 3.在be worth doing中,doing表被动意义。如: This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。 The topic is well worth talking about. 这个话题很值得讨论。 The football match is well worth watching.&&& ' 这场足球赛很值得观看。 4.want,need,require等动词表示"需要",后面常可跟口.-ing形式表被动,相当于to be done。如: My bike needs repairing.→My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。 The room needs cleaning. 这个房间需要打扫。 5.当break out,take place,shut off,turn off,work out等动词表示"发生、关闭、制定"等意思时表主动。如: The plan worked out successfully.很切实可行。 An earthquake took place in Tangshan in 年唐山发生地震。 二、被动形式表主动意义 常见的用被动形式表主动意义的词或词组有以下这些: 1.be seated坐着,就座,相当于seat oneself。如: He is seated on a bench.→ He seats himself on a bench. 他坐在凳子上。 Please be seated,ladies and gentlemen! 女士们,先生们,请就座! 2.be hidden躲藏,相当于hide oneself。如: He was hidden behind the door. →He hid himself behind the door.他藏在门后。 3.be lost迷路。如: He was lost in the forest. 他在森林里迷路了。 4.be drunk喝醉 5.be dressed穿着。如: The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.这个女孩穿着一件红色的短裙。
【】【】【】【】【】 &&
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3秒自动关闭窗口[转]初中英语语法大全:语态的概述
&&&英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。&&&
被动语态的谓语部分的结构是be+过去分词。被动语态的句子有时态和人称,数的变化,这个变化都由be来承担,后面的过去分词不变。被动语态中的动词一定是及物动词或构成及物动词短语的词语。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。
例如:Many people speak English.谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。例如:English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。例如:He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。&&&
一般现在时:am/is/are+taught&&&
一般过去时:was/were+taught一般将来时:will/shall be+taught&be going to +be+taught现在进行时:am/is/are being+taught过去进行时:have/has been+taught&&&
现在完成时:have/has been+taught&&&
过去完成时:had been +taught&&&
过去将来时: should/would +be+taught&&&
带情态动词:can/may/must+ be+taught&&
1.一般现在时
History is made by the people.
历史是人民创造的。
&&2.一般过去时
These new cars were made in Tianjing in 1994.
这些新车是1994年在天津生产的。
&&3.一般将来时
Li Ming will be asked to attend the lecture.
李明将被邀请参加讲座。
&&4.现在进行时
A new railway is being built.
一条新铁路正在修建。
&&5.过去进行时
The roads were being widened.
路那时正在加宽。
&&6.现在完成时
He has been sent to work in Shanghai.
他已经被派往去上海工作了。
&&7.过去完成时
A new hotel had been built when I got there.
我到那儿时,一座新旅馆已经建好了。
&&8.过去将来时
He said a new hotel would be built in two months.
他说两个月后新旅馆就会建好了的。
被动语态的否定句和疑问句
English is not used in European countries.
欧洲国家不使用英语。
Is English used in European countries?
欧洲国家使用英语吗?
&&1.否定句
凡是有be动词的句子,其否定句都是在be动词的后面加not,被动语态也不例外。