InTech uses cookies to offer you the best online experience. By continuing to use our site, you agree to our .
Science, Technology and Medicine open access publisher.Publish, read and share novel research.
&>>&&>>&, book edited by P. Giridhar Kini, ISBN 978-953-307-579-2, Published: August 1, 2011 under . & The Author(s).
Methodology Development for a Comprehensive and Cost-Effective Energy Management in Industrial Plants
By Capobianchi Simona, Andreassi Luca, Introna Vito, Martini Fabrizio and Ubertini Stefano
Share this page
&Show thumbnails
&Show tables
&Show equations
Figure 1. Framework of the proposed methodology for Energy Management improvements
Figure 2. Representative model of a trigenerator
Figure 3. ASME process description
Figure 4. Distribution of energy consumption (a) and cost (b)
Figure 5. Distribution of electrical consumption (a) and natural gas (b)
Figure 6. Contour map: electrical consumptions in March
Figure 7. Mean load profile for a weekday
Figure 8. Statistical parameter for model validation
Figure 9. Distribution of electrical and gas meters
Figure 10. CuSum of the hydraulic press energy consumption
Figure 11. CuSum of the hydraulic press energy consumption after maintenanceTable 6.
Open Access
Work With Us您好，欢迎来到新东方
托福写作的用词常见错误
来源：新东方网整理
　　托福写作词汇常见错误主要是分为以六个类别做的整理：容易混淆的词汇、固定搭配问题、表达受中文影响的问题、动词形式不正确以及名词的单复数、冠词的使用及用词与文章风格不符等。
　　容易混淆的词汇
　　考生由于对形似、意近的词辨别不清，不知道他们各自的具体用法，而在托福写作中出现失误。比如，有的词虽然意思相同，但他们表达同一个意思的程度是不同的;有的英语单词的汉语意思相同，但他们所限定修饰的词、使用的范围或者连接的成分是不同的;有的单词的文体风格不同，有正式和非正式之分。
　　要注意自己写文章的总体风格，在正式文体中避免使用非正式的语言。鉴于选词的难度，考生应在平时注意多查词典，注意其中所举得例句，在看英语材料时留心写作词汇的具体使用环境，并摘录一些自己能看明白但说不出的表达。
　　1、Original: Bill Gates gives a definite answer that college education does
　　Revised: Bill Gates gave a definitive answer: college education does
　　Definite意思是“明确的”、“一定的”，指意思明确，不会误解;definitive也是“明确”的意思，但往往指“权威性、最后决定的”。此话出自比尔·盖茨之口，体现权威性，故将definite改为definitive。
　　2、Original: …people may attend a university or college for various
reasons...
　　Revised: …people attend university or college for a multitude of
reasons...
　　此处将various改为短语a multitude of更为正式，体现人们读大学的原因很多。
　　3、Original: The kinds of education that we got on school are formal and
intense ones...
　　Revised: The kinds of education that we receive at school is formal and of
tentimes very intense.
　　不必用kinds of education，直接用education(教育)即可;“受教育”不同get，改为“在学校”不必用at
把one去掉，用oftentimes very intense指出学校教育常常是非常严格的。
　　4、Original: They can foster their interests in some fields to make life
more colorful and meaningful.
　　Revised: They can even pick up hobbies to make life more colorful and
enjoyable.
　　Foster their interests是“培养兴趣”，此处用pick up
hobbies(开始各种各样的兴趣)更为合适;不同的兴趣是我们生活的调味剂，使我们的生活多姿多彩，乐趣无穷，把meaningful换成enjoyable，与colorful搭配更合适。
　　5、Original: Needless to say, more employment means more income and less
idle life, so that people can enjoy a better life and make investment in their
　　Revised: Needless to say, more employment means income and less idle time,
so that people can enjoy a better life and invest in their own futures.
　　把idle life改为idle time更为合适，表示“闲散时间”;make
investment可改为动词invest，与and前的动词enjoy词性一致;人们各自有自己的未来，故将in their future改为in their
own futures。
　　6、Original: Another important factor that contributes to the extension of
life expectancy is the development of medical science.
　　Revised: Another imortant factor that contributes to the rise in life
expectancy is the development of medical science.
　　“人的寿命的延长”可以表示为life extension，但是如果用life expectancy，则要用the increast of 或the
rise in life expectancy。
　　7、Original: the growth of life span.
　　Revised: the rise in/increase of life span.
　　Life span意思是“寿命”，growth指“生长，增长”，“寿命的延长”用growth不合适，life span“寿命的延长”可以用rise
in/increase of/extension of.
　　8、Original: energy saving
　　Revised: energy efficiency
　　Energy saving一般作定语，此处名词短语“节能”最好用energy efficiency。
　　9、Original: with the increasing complicatedness of the job profile
　　Revised: with the increasing complexity of the modern jor profile
　　Complicatedness意思是“错综复杂”，但是这种错综复杂是有逻辑的;complexity也是“复杂”的意思，但这种复杂是杂乱无辜的，现代的工作情况用complexity较为合适。
　　10、Original: Such experience will difinitely be helpful in children's later
　　Revised: Such experience will benefit them later in life.
　　Helpful是“提供帮助”的意思，而benefit是“使…受益”。这里作者想说的是孩子将来的人生会受益于这样的经历，用benefit合适，因为这样的经历不一定能对孩子将来的人生提供什么具体的帮助。
　　11、Original: In my submission, people should sometimes do things that they
do not enjoy doing.
　　Revised: Because of these circumstances, I believe it is inevitable that
people must do what they don't enjoy doing.
　　In one's
submission虽然也可以表示某人所持的观点，但是这是一种非常formal(正式)的表述，用在这里和整体文章的风格不太相符。
　　12、Original: For no one can promise what will happen in the future, if you
don't save some money, an emergency will probably make you a cat on a hot
　　Revised: Because no one can predict the future, if you don't save money an
unforeseen emergency can be financially crippling.
　　Promise的意思是“承诺、允诺”，用在这里不合适，作者要说的是没有人能与之未来发生的事，应该用predit。还有，作者在这里用了一个惯用语a
cat on a hot brick，这又有一个错误。第一，这个表述本身有错误，正确的应该是like a cat on hot
bricks。第二，这个惯用语的意思是“忐忑不安，如热锅上的蚂蚁“，用在这里意思也不太合适。
(编辑：Joe)
新东方网托福官方微信：新东方托福 （微信号：xdftoefl）
最新考试资讯、托福预测、托福解析，请扫一扫二维码，关注我们的官方微信!
新东方托福辅导专区
版权及免责声明
① 凡本网注明"稿件来源：新东方"的所有文字、图片和音视频稿件，版权均属新东方教育科技集团（含本网和新东方网）
所有，任何媒体、网站或个人未经本网协议授权不得转载、链接、转贴或以其他任何方式复制、发表。已经本网协议授权的媒体、网站，在下载使用时必须注明"稿件来源：新东方"，违者本网将依法追究法律责任。
② 本网未注明"稿件来源：新东方"的文/图等稿件均为转载稿，本网转载仅基于传递更多信息之目的，并不意味着赞同转载稿的观点或证实其内容的真实性。如其他媒体、网站或个人从本网下载使用，必须保留本网注明的"稿件来源"，并自负版权等法律责任。如擅自篡改为"稿件来源：新东方"，本网将依法追究法律责任。
③ 如本网转载稿涉及版权等问题，请作者见稿后在两周内速来电与新东方网联系，电话：010-。
托福工具箱
托福名师辅导