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浅析英语语法中的名词性从句
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浅析英语语法中的名词性从句：名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为它是从句，因此具有句子的特点．有主语、谓语成分；同时又具有名词的特点，所以可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。同时引导名词性从句的连接词有三种：从属连词、连接代词、连接副词。
　　名词性从句是中学英语学习的重点，也是高考的主要考点之一， 是英语学习者必须掌握的重点和难点问题。本文从名词性从句的概念、种类、特点、用法等方面进行详细阐述，并附有大量的例句，帮助理解相关的语法概念。
　　1．名词性从句的概述
　　有两个或以上的主谓结构的从属关系的句子称为复合句。一个句子充当主句的某个成分就叫做这个成分的从句。因而如果整个句子在句中所起的作用相当于一个名词，其就被称为名词性从句。
　　引导名词性从句的连接词有三种：
　　1．1从属连词that，whether，if，as if等，只有连接的功能，不在从句中充当句子成分。
　　1．2连接代词who，what，which，whose。whom 以及wh&ever．
　　1．3连接副词when，where，why，because。how．
　　连接代词和连接副词不但有连接的功能，同时还在从句中充当一定的句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语等。
　　2．名词性从句的种类
　　2．1主语从句
　　在句中起主语作用的从句为主语从句。其连接词有：连接代词what，who。whatever等；连接副词when，why，however，wherever等和从属连词that，whether，连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等；连接副词在从句中作状语；从属连词在从句中不作任何成分。
　　Eg：What she couldn&t understand was why few students didIl&t like her lesson．
　　It is certain that most famers have brought in more money by all meal'~．
　　注意：
　　I．一个主语从句的谓语动词用单数。
　　Ⅱ．通常为保持句子平衡，用it作形式主语，而将主语从句放于句尾。
　　Ⅲ．由that引导的从句，that虽没意义只起连接作用，但不能省略。
　　IV．Wh一引导的从句，引导词放在句首，从句用陈述语序。
　　2．2宾语从句
　　在句中起宾语从句作用的从句为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词宾语从句、介词宾语从句和形容词宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词有连接代词whom，whose，which，whatever，等；连接副词when，where，why，however，等；从属连词that，whether，if等。
　　ES：He told us that they would help us through the whole work．
　　I'm sorry that I troubled you so much．
　　注意：
　　I．介词宾语从句中that不省略。
　　Ⅱ．and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的that不能省略。
　　Ⅲ．在&动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句&结构中，that不省略。
　　2．3表语从句
　　在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。其引导词有连接词who，whose，which，whatever等；连接副词where，why，whenever，however等；从属连词that，whether等。
　　Eg：Thisis howwe got out oftroublethen．
　　注意：
　　I．表示&是否&时。表语从句的引导词只用whether。
　　II．That引导表语从句时，通常不省略，但在口语中也可省略或&，&代替that。
　　2．4同住语从句
　　同位语从句是解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句，常用引导词有that，whether，who，why等；常见的解释说明的名词有fact，news，idea，order，hope等。
　　Eg：Th efactthat somecountries glEe still suferingfrom povertyis really a problem．
　　注意：
　　I．that引导同位语从句，虽然在句中无意义，但是不可以省略。
　　Ⅱ．引导同位语从句表示&是否& 时，只用whether。
　　Ⅲ．定语从句的先行词在从句中可以充当一定的句子成分，而同位语从句所补充说明的名词或代词在同位语从句中不作任何成分。
　　3．由that。if／whethe r引导的名词性从旬的特殊之处
　　3．1 that
　　that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义 其引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，谓语动词用单数；引导宾语从句时，常省略；引导主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句时一般不省略。
　　Eg：It is likely that there wil be a snowstorm tomorrow．(主语从句)
　　I know(that)he didn&t pass the exan1．(宾语从句)
　　The reason is that you are careless．(表语从句)
　　Thev were worried over the fact that you were siekL同位语从句)
　　注意：不能省略that的宾语从句
　　I．句中的动词后有两个以上的宾语时，紧跟动词的宾语从句可以省去that，其余的宾语从句that不能省。
　　Ⅱ．主句谓语和宾语之间有插入语时，宾语从句前的that不能省。
　　Ⅲ．it作形式宾语，宾语补足语后引导从句的that不能省。
　　IV．except、in后的宾语从句的that不可省。
　　3．2 if／whether
　　if／whether作&是否&讲引导名词性从句时，很多情况下可以互换。
　　Eg：I'll try to find out whether／if the machine is in geod condition．
　　注意：只用whether不用if的情况
　　(1)引导主语从句且置于句首时。
　　(2)引导表语从句时。
　　(3)引导同位语从句时。
　　(4)后面直接跟or not或与or连用表示一种选择时。
　　(5)引导宾语从句前置时以及作介词的宾语时。
　　(6)其后接动词不定式时。
　　(7)在有些动词，如discuss之后引导宾语从句时。
　　4．常见的错误解析
　　4．1从句中关联词的错误应用
　　(1)主语从句、宾语从句中that的可省略与不可省略的误用
　　误：It is important you(should)keep your promise．
　　正：Itisimportantthatyou(should)keepyourpromise．
　　析：这里it所指代的主语从句不可没有that的引导。在it is important that&&句型中，引导主语从句的that不可省略。
　　(2)同位语从句中which的误用
　　误：There are signs which restaurants are becoming more popular with families．
　　【正】There are signs that restaurants are becoming more popular with families．
　　【析】在有些名词如fact，news，ideas等词后常用that来引导同位语从句，具体说明名词的实际内容，不能用which，此时that不省略。
　　4．2由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句中的语序错误
　　【误]I wonder whether has Tom arrivedyet．
　　【正】I wonder whether Tom has arrived yet．
　　【析】由who，what，if，whether，which，how，when，where，why等引导的名词性从句，必须用陈述句的语序，而不可使用疑问句的语序。
　　Eg：You call&t imagine how they were excited when they know the news．
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1.75亿学生的选择
英语中,在含有主语从句的句子中,主句的谓语动词用单数还是复数,为什么
一般用单数,但主语是由两个分句并列构成,则用复数,eg.what i did and what he said are very important.
为您推荐：
其他类似问题
单数因为句子是个整体，根据主谓一致是用单数
扫描下载二维码主语从句总结
一 定义:在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。
&通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
&&&&&&&&&Why
he refused to work with you is
still mystery.
他为什么拒绝和你一起工作，仍不得其解。
Whoever comes is welcome.
不论谁来，都是受欢迎的。
二& 引导主语从句的词有从属连词that, whether以及连接代词who,
what, which, whoever,&
&&&&whatever,
whichever和连接副词when, where, why, how等.例如:
　　That she was chosen made us very
happy.她当选了使我们很高兴.
　　What caused the accident is a complete
mystery.是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个
　　Whether she will come or not is still a
question.她是否来还是一个问题.
　　Which team will win the match is still
unknown.哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道.
　　Whoever comes to the party will receive a
present.参加聚会的每一个人都将收到一份
　　When they will start has not been decided
yet.他们何时出发还没决定.
上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免"头重脚轻",常用it作形
式主语,而把从句放在后面.例如:
　　It is a pity that she has made such a
mistake.她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾.
　　It depends on the climate whether they are going
shopping today.他们是否今天去
购物还得看天气情况.
　　这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:
（1） It is +名词+从句
&&& It is a fact
that… 事实是……
　& It is a pity/shame that...遗憾的是……
&&& 类似的名词还有：a
wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。
&&& 例如：It is a
mystery to me how it all happened.&
&&&&这一切是怎么发生的是个谜。
&&& It is no
surprise that Bob should have won the game.&
&&&&鲍勃会赢得这场比赛，这不足为奇。&
（2） It is +形容词+从句
necessary that … 有必要……
&&& It is clear
that … 很清楚……
&&& It is likely
that … 很可能……
important that … 重要的是……
possible that...很可能……
类似的形容词还有：
astonishing, etc. 例如：
It is obvious that conductors and insulators are both
important in industry.
很明显导体和绝缘体在工业中都很重要。
It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
她是否能来令人怀疑。
It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you .
他拒绝和你说话真是令人惊讶。
It is essential that he should be here by the weekend .
周末之前，他应该到这里是必要的。
It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.
很明显我们不能这样下去了。
（3） It is +过去分词+从句
&&& It is said
that...据说……
　　It is known to all that...众所周知……
　　It is reported that...据报道……
　　It is believed that...据信……;人们相信……
　　It is suggested that...有人建议……
　　It must be pointed out that...必须指出……
　　It has been proved that...已证明…….例如:
类似的过去分词还有：
例如：It is thought that he is the best player.
大家都认为他是最好的选手。
It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.
据估计这个花瓶有2000年的历史。
It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision
between two stars.
&过去一直认为新星是由于两颗星星之间碰撞产生的。
It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to
还没弄清楚这条路将开始通车。
（4） It +不及物动词+从句
It seems/appears that...似乎……
It happened that...碰巧……
It has turned out that … 结果是……
类似的不及物动词还有：seem, appear, occur, follow, happen, turn out,
例如：It turned out that nobody remembered the address.
结果是无人记得那个地址。
It now appears that they are in urgent need of help.
看起来他们急需帮助。
It happened that I saw him yesterday.
碰巧我昨天看见他了。
[巩固练习]
　　1. Does _______ matter if he can't finish the job on
　　A. this B. that C. he D. it
　　2. It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning
　　A. which B. that C. if D. for
　　3. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as
an international language.
　　A. There B. This C. That D. It
四& 学习主语从句应该注意的几个问题
1&& 引导词that与what
&what既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等).这时what相当于all
that/everything that...,常译成"所……的(东西、事情、话等.)";
而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不担当任何句子成分.但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that.例如:
　　What we can't get seems better than what we
have.我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好.
　　That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is
true.一位新老师将来教我们地理,这是真的.
　[巩固练习]
　　4. _______ what they told me really true?
　　A. Has B. Is C. Does D. Have
　　5. It matters little _______ a man dies, but _______
matters much is _______ he lives.
　　A. how B. how C. why D.
　　6. _______ she couldn't understand was _______ fewer
and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
　　A. W why B. T what C. W because D. W
　　7. It is pretty well understood _______ controls the
flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere
　　A. that B. when C. what D. how
　　8. _______ fashion differs from country to country may
reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
　　A. What B. That C. This D. Which
　　9. -What made her parents so angry?
　　- _______ she had failed in the
examination.
　　A. As B. Because C. Since D. That
2&& 引导词if和whether
　　if和whether在引导位于句首的主语从句时，只能选用whether.如：
　　Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be
decided.我们是养鸭还是养鹅仍没决定.
　　=It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise
ducks or geese.
　　但我们不能说If we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be
　　[巩固练习]
　　10. _______ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the
　　A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
3&& 其它引导词
　　连接代词who, which, whom,
whose有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当语、宾语、表语、定语等;连接副词when,where, why,
how等有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语.
　　[巩固练习]
　　11. -Do you remember _______ he came?
　　-Yes, I do. He came by car.
　　A. how B. when C. that D. if
　　12. It was a matter of _______ would take the
　　A. who B. whose C. whom D. whomever
　　13. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last
　　-Is that _______ you had a few days off?
　　A. why B. when C. what D. where
　　14. I read about it in some book or other, does it
matter _______ it was?
　　A. where B. what C. how D. which
以it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句型的区别
　　"It be + adj./n. + that-clause"与强调句型均有It
be...that...之类的语言标志,但不同的是:①前者中的that从句是主语从句.若删掉其中的It
be和that,则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子;但若将后者中的It
be和that去掉,则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子.②强调句型译为汉语时可加上"正是……"或"就是……"之类的字眼,而主语从句则不可以.请比较下面两个句子:
　　It is surprising that Mary should have won first
place.令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名.
　　It is Mary that has won first
place.正是玛莉得了第一名.
　　第一句话中的It是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句.句中的It
is和that无法删除,一旦删除句子就不成立.
　　第二句是强调句型,其中的It is和that可以去掉,因为没有It
is和that句子仍然很通顺.
　　在It is necessary / natural / important / strange...+
that-clause这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用"should
+原形",表虚似语气.例如:
　　It is necessary that the problem should be settled at
once.这个问题必须马上解决.
　　It's strange that he should have gone away without
telling us.他竟然没向我们说一声就走了,真是奇怪.
　　[巩固练习]
　　15. It is necessary that a college student _______ at
least a foreign language.
　　A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will
Key: 1-5 DBDBA 6-10 ACBDB 11-15 AAADB
用形式主语it引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的有：
It is said that... 据说……& It is reported
that...& 据报导……
It is well known that...& 众所周知……&
It is announced that... 据宣布……
It is believed that...& 人们相信……&
It is thought that...& 人们认为……
It is understood that...& 自不待言……&
It must be pointed out that...& 必须指出……
It must be admitted that...& 必须承认……
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