An environment blog from
Wednesday, July 25, 2007
Today we have written about a
by noted conservation biologist and climate-change researcher
(who we interviewed
- subscription required) suggesting that .Ausubel?s basic premise is that, unlike nuclear power, key renewable power sources including sun, wind, and biofuel would all require vast amounts of land if ramped up to large-scale production. That would severely damage the environment, in his estimation.This argument is clearly controversial, even heretical, say some. However, it doesn?t come from someone in the nuclear energy industry, but a scientist who has long worked on conservation and climate-change issues.Where do you think the balance of good and harm lies?Phil McKenna, New Scientist correspondent
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08年高考英语复习：选连词要把握逻辑思维
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南开中学段胜利例三：Inpeace，too，theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelp_____thereishumansuffering。A。whoeverB。howeverC。whateverD。wherever答案DDD。⑨表示
南开中学段胜利例三：Inpeace，too，theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelp_____thereishumansuffering。A。whoeverB。howeverC。whateverD。wherever答案DDD。⑨表示比较：as…as…，notso…as…;than，themore…themore…等。例一：Theearthgoesaroundthesunthemoongoesaroundearth。A。sothatB。justlikeC。ashowD。justas例二：LucylooksstrongerLily。A。thanB。asC。thenD。notas例三：AsfarasIamconcerned，educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn，___。A。themoreforlifeareyouequippedB。themoreequippedforlifeyouareC。themoreforlifeyouareequippedD。youareequippedthemoreforlife答案DAB。二、决定连词要把握内在逻辑确定连词，解答连词相关的题目，与其说是语法问题，不如说是认字和理解词与词、短语与短语和句与句之间的逻辑关系问题。选择连词首先涉及连词的正确认知，其次就是搞清词、短语和句子之间在逻辑上是并列、转折、因果、条件、目的等关系，从而准确地选择出连词。如：请你回答下面三个题目例一：We’regoingtoMary’spartyinDavid’scaratfivethisafternoon。Youcanjoinus___youcanmeetusatthepartylater。A。butB。andC。orD。then例二：We’regoingtoMary’spartyinDavid’scaratfivethisafternoon。Youcanjoinus_____gotheretogether。A。butB。andC。orD。then例三：We’regoingtoMary’spartyinDavid’scaratfivethisafternoon。Youcanjoinus_____don’tbelatewhenyoucomehere。A。butB。andC。orD。then答案CBA。上面三个句子中，相同的语境背景是We’regoingtoMary’spartyinDavid’scaratfivethisafternoon。Youcanjoinus…，由于后面的三个语句不同，就形成了逻辑上的差异，因此要选择不同的连词。又如，请你回答下面两个题目例一：――Idon’tlikechicken____fish。――Idon’tlikechicken，____Ilikefishverymuch。A。and，andB。and，butC。or，andD。or，but例二：Alongthehighway，thesignboard“Don‘tdrink____drive。“canbeseeneverytenkilometers。A。orB。andC。otherwiseD。aswellas答案DB。我们知道，在并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。但在例二中，and用在了否定句中。这是因为，这里and连接的两个事物存在内在联系，即在喝酒的前提下开车，因此，不能使用or。再如：例Youwillsucceedintheend________yougiveuphalfway。A。evenifB。asthoughC。aslongasD。unless从题干前后两个单句，我们可以看出：成功与半途而废的逻辑关系是：成功不可半途而废，而半途而废就不会成功，选项D的unless＝ifnot，含否定意义，因此符合题干的语义。如果本句题干进行如下变换：Youwillnotsucceedintheend________yougiveuphalfway。就应当选择if。三、根据结构和语义进行同组连词辨析同一个逻辑关系，如时间、原因、让步等，都有两个以上的连词可以表示，有时就不免需要辨析它们的区别，选择更加准确的用词。对此，我们可以从结构和语义两个角度来加以区别。例如：1。since，as，for，because表示原因例一：______itisraining，wehadbettertakeataxi。A。AsB。ForC。BecauseofD。When例二：everybodyishere，let’sbeginourmeeting。A。WhenB。ForC。BecauseD。Since例三：Itwashewasillthathewasabsentyesterday。A。nowthatB。sinceC。asD。because例四Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread，_____hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail。A。andB。forC。butD。or答案ADDB。since，as，for，because都可以表示原因，从句子的结构上说，for是并列连词，因此，for连接的句子放在后面；换句话说，for一般不放在句首。而since和as引导的状语从句强调的是结果，而不是原因，因此它们引导的从句通常放在主句前；because强调直接原因，引导的从句根据需要，既可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后。从语义上说，since相当于“既然”；as所引出的理由很明显，不需要强调；for表示附带说明或解释。when，while，as表示时间例一：Iwasabouttogotobedtherewasaknockatthedoor。A。whileB。whenC。asD。suddenly例二：thedayswenton，theweathergotworse。A。WithB。SinceC。WhileD。As例三：――I’mgoingtothepostoffice。――____you’rethere，canyougetmesomestamps？A。AsB。WhileC。BecauseD。If答案BDB。用做时间状语的when，while，as，它们的区别是：when可指时间点，又可指时间段，从句中可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词。while总是指一个时间段，从句中必须用延续性动词。as表示两个动作同时发生，表示“当……时”“一面……一面”，“随着”。as和while表示“当……的时候”时，while后接延续性动作，as从句中多用表示动作的动词，而不用be动词或表示感觉等状态动词。as，when引导短暂性动作时，当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when来引导，不可用as或while。从句表示“随时间推移”用as，不用when或while。
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＞＞＞ Apple’s logo is one of the most familiar icons(图标) aroun..
&&& Apple’s logo is one of the most familiar icons(图标) around the world. But what’s the story about the Apple logo? The image of the apple is obvious, because that’s the name of the company. What about the bite? The famous story is that the logo shows respect and honour for Alan Turing. He was the father of computer science. He researched artificial intelligence(人工智能) and unlocked German wartime codes(密码). However，after the war, he was put into prison，because of his beliefs. He could not stand the looking down and chose to bite a poisoned apple to end his life in the prison. However, Rob Janoff, who designed the famous Apple logo, said, “It’s not the truth, but only a legend(传说, 传奇). The real reason why I designed it with a bite is very simple. I wanted people to get that it was an apple not a cherry (樱桃). When I go to markets to buy apples, I always mistake apples for cherries. It really has nothing to do with the scientist.” Are you kidding? An apple is much bigger than a cherry. It’s very easy to tell. But if you use an apple to design a logo, some people may mistake it for a cherry. 小题1:Both the apple and the cherry are almost the same actually in ________.A．shapeB．size C．colourD．weight小题2:According to the passage, Alan Turing________. A．died in the prisonB．used an apple to design a logoC．was put into prison during the warD．was the father of a computer company小题3:What’s the purpose of writing the passage about the apple logo?A．To introduce its designer.B．To tell us a legend about it.C．To try to find the truth of it.D．To explain its market research.
题型：阅读理解难度：中档来源：不详
小题1:A小题2:A小题3:A试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了苹果这个徽标的由来，他是罗波雅娜夫为了纪念阿兰图灵而设计的一个公司的名称。小题1:根据第二段I wanted people to get that it was an apple not a cherry (樱桃). When I go to markets to buy apples, I always mistake apples for cherries.描述，可知樱桃与苹果在外形上很相似，故选A。小题2:根据第一段The famous story is that the logo shows respect and honour for Alan Turing.……He could not stand the looking down and chose to bite a poisoned apple to end his life in the prison.描述，可知他死于监狱。故选A。小题3:这篇短文主要介绍了苹果这个徽标的由来，他是Rob Janoff 为了纪念Alan Turing 而设计的一个公司的名称。故选A，介绍它的设计者。点评：本文浅显易懂，层次分明，学生很容易把握文章中心内容。答题中注意带着问题阅读短文，一般就能顺利找出答题依据。对于不能直接找到根据的问题注意联系上下文，根据短文中心总结出正确答案。
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“ Apple’s logo is one of the most familiar icons(图标) aroun..”主要考查你对&&人物传记类阅读，故事类阅读&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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人物传记类阅读故事类阅读
人物传记类阅读：本类型选材主要是名人轶事。人物传记的叙述线索也常常以时间为序。内容一般不是一个人的生活流水账，而是选取主人公一些重要的人生阶段或生活片段来展开叙述。阅读时要把握主人公在此阶段发生的事对他本身或他人有什么重要的意义和影响。 故事类阅读：文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件的之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读这类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，即使是碰到深层理解题也可迎刃而解。故事类阅读注意：初中生接触到的阅读材料大都是故事类。阅读故事类的材料，应该抓住人物线索、地点线索、时间线索和情节发展线索。特别注意的是，以上线索往往是并存的。因为情节的发展总是涉及到人物的变化、时间的推移、场景的变换等。而阅读材料后的阅读理解往往会围绕这些内容设计一些事实类的理解题。凡事实类的理解题都可以从阅读材料的表层文字中找到答案。在阅读故事类短文时，应理解文章的深层含义，也就是它的主题。在此需要注意的是，现在的阅读理解题在测试事实类的理解题的同时，往往有一道推理类理解测试题．
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