He forewarnedd ____home....

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>>>—He should have been warned of the danger.—_______, but he ..
—He should have been warned of the danger.—_______, but he wouldn’t listen to me .A.So he hadB.So had heC.So was heD.So he was
题型:单选题难度:中档来源:不详
D第一句是系动词be,说明后面也应该是be动词。排除AB。C项表示这种情况仍然适用于另外一个人。D表示的确如此。结合句意可知D正确。句意:—他本应该意识到危险的。—的确如此。但他不听我的。
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“—He should have been warned of the danger.—_______, but he ..”主要考查你对&&全部倒装,部分倒装,省略句&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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全部倒装部分倒装省略句
全部倒装的概念:
倒装英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前,这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时出于修辞或某种特殊的语法结构的需要,需要将谓语动词放在主语之前,这种语序则叫倒装语序。主语和谓语完全倒置叫完全倒装。完全倒装完全倒装的基本形式是“谓语+主语”,主要见于以下情况:
1、here和there位于句首时的倒装:表示地点的here和there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come,go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词: 如:Here's Tom. 汤姆在这里。 &&&&&&& There's Jim. 吉姆在那儿。 &&&&&&& Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。&&&&&&&&&There goes the bell. 铃响了。 &&&&&&& There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。注:(1)以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态,即不能说:Here is coming the bus.&&&&&&& &&&&&&& (2)若主语为代词,则不倒装:如:Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。 &&&&&&& Here it comes.它来了。&&&&&&& (3)其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在): 如:There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。 &&&&&&& Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。 2、away和down等位于句首时的倒装:地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up等位于句首时,其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词: 如:Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。 &&&&&&& Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。 &&&&&&& The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了,史密斯先生进了来。 &&&&&&& Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,伞都撑起来了。注:若主语为人称代词,则不能用倒装: 如:Away he went. 他跑远了。 &&&&&&& Down it came. 它掉了下来。 3、某些状语或表语位于句首时的倒装:为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,有时可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装: 如:Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。&&&&&&& By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志。注:在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中,要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致,而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较:In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。 &&&&&&&&&&& In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。 4、现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首的倒装:有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装: 如:Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。 &&&&&&& Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。 &&&&&&& To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。部分倒装的概念:
倒装英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前,这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时出于修辞或某种特殊的语法结构的需要,需要将谓语动词放在主语之前,这种语序则叫倒装语序。主语和助动词倒置叫部分倒装。部分倒装:1、含有否定意义的副词位于句首时的倒装:在正式文体中,never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首,则其后要用部分倒装: 如:I shall never forgive him./ Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。 &&&&&&& He seldom goes out for dinner./Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。 &&&&&&& She hardly has time to listen to music./Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 他几乎没时间听音乐。 &&&&&&& He little realize show important this meetingis./Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。&&& &&&&&&& We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off./No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。注:(1)对于not…until句型,当not until…位于句首时,其后的主句要用倒装语序: 如:He didn't leave the room until the rain stopped./Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。 &&&&&&& (2)某些起副词作用的介词短语,由于含有否定词,若位于句首,其后要用部分倒装: 如:On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。 &&&&&&& In[Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him. 无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。但是,in no time(立即,马上)位于句首时,其后无需用倒装语序: 如:In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。 2、“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装:当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时,其后用部分倒装语序: 如:Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。 &&&&&&& Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。 &&&&&&& Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。3、“so+形容词或副词”位于句首时的倒装:副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后用部分倒装: 如:So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。 &&&&&&& So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我们几乎没法像它的速度。 &&&&&&& So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然,我们来不及逃跑。 4、“So+助动词+主语”倒装:当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者,通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构: 如:You are young and so am I. 你年轻,我也年轻。 &&&&&&& She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐,我也喜欢。 &&&&&&& If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事,我也能。注:(1)若前面提出某一否定的情况,要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况,则应将其中的so改为neither或nor: 如:You aren't young and neither am I. 你不年轻,我也不年轻。 &&&&&&& She hasn't read it and nor have I. 她没有读它,我也没有读。 &&&&&&& (2)注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别: 如:"It was cold yesterday." "So it was."“昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”&&&&&& &"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did."“爸爸,你答应过的。”“嗯,是答应过。” 5、由not only…but also引出的倒装:当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时,not only后的句子通常用部分倒装形式: 如:Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师,而且是一位诗人。 &&&&&&& Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确,也讲得更不费劲了。 6、虚拟条件句省略if后构成的倒装:当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were, should等移到主语前,构成倒装句: 如:Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him. 若你昨天来,你就会见到他了。 &&&&&&& Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么,可以给我打电话。 &&&&&&& Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你帮助,我会仍然无家可归。注:省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词: 如:Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱,我就会买它。 省略句的概念:
在英语语言中,为了使语言简洁明了,重点突出或上下文紧密相连,可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变,这种语言现象称之为省略。简单句中的省略:
1、省略主语: 1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略。如:(You) Open the door, please. 请开一下门。 2)其它省略主语多限于现成的说法。如:(I)Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。&&&&&&&& (It)Doesn't matter. 没关系。 2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分:如:(There is)No smoking. 禁止抽烟 &&&&&&& (Is there)anything else? 还有其他事吗? &&&&&&& (You come)This way please. 请这边走。 &&&&&&& (Will you)Have a smoke? 抽烟吗? 3、省略宾语:如:—Do you know Mr. Li? 你认识李先生吗?&&&&&&& —I don't know (him.) 我不认识他 4、省略表语:如:—Are you thirsty? 你30岁了吗? &&&&&&& —Yes, I am (thirsty). 是的,我是。 5、同时省略几个成分:如:—Are you feeling better now? 你觉得好些了吗?&&&&&&& —(I am feeling) Much better (now) 好多了。 &&&&&& (I wish)Good luck(to you). 祝你好运/祝你顺利。省略句在复合句中的应用:
一、并列复合句中的省略:并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如:The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy) handed it to a policeman.&&&&&&&& 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。 &&&&&&& Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry. 你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。 &&&&&&& Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary(must have been) doing her homework. &&&&&&& 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球,玛丽一直在写作业。 &&&&&&& Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao(was born) in 1963. 高秀敏出生于1959年,傅彪出生于1963年。 二、主从复合句中的省略: 1、状语从句中的省略:一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:1)由when,while,as,before,after,till,until,once等引导的时间状语从句;2)由whether,if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;3)由though,although,evenif,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;4)由as,than等引导的比较状语从句;5)由as,asif,asthough等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则: 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构:连词(as,as if, once)+名词;连词(though, whether, when)+形容词;连词(whether, as if, while)+介词短语;连词(when, while, though)+现在分词;连词(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词;连词(as if,as though)+不定式。如:Once(he was) a worker, Pang Long now becomes a famous singer. &&&&&&& 庞龙曾经是个工人,现在变成一位著名的歌手。& &&&&&&& Work hard when(you are) young, or you'll regret. 趁年轻要努力学习,要不然你会后悔的。&&&&&&&&&He looked everywhere as if(he was) in search of something. 他到处看似乎在找什么东西。&注意: ①当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,间或也有这样的省略。如:Her father told her to be careful when(she was) crossing the street. 当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。 ②当从句的主语是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时,可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if, unless, when, whenever)+形容词的结构。如:Unless(it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary. 如果没有必要,你最好不要查字典。 2、定语从句中的省略:1)一般说来,在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;如:Is this reason(that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? 这就是他在会上解释他工作中粗心的原因吗?而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词which, whom不可以省略。比较:Tom(whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.(whom可以省)&& 你昨天见到的汤姆病倒了。 &&&&&&&&&&& Tom, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill. (whom不可以省) 汤姆病倒了,你昨天见到他了。 2)在口语和非正式用语中,关系副词when, where,和why经常用that来代替,甚至还可省略。如:This is the first time(when/that) he had trouble with the boss. 这是他第一次麻烦老板。 &&&&&&& He wants to find a good place(where/that) we can have a picnic during the"golden week"holiday. 他想找一个能在黄金周期间野餐的好地方。 &&&&&&& Could you tell us the reason(why/that) he&was so unhappy? 你能告诉我们他为什么如此不高兴吗? 3)当先行词为表示方式的the way时,从句不能用how来引导,应该用that或in which,或将它们全部省略。如:I don't like the way(that/in which) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你嘲笑他的行为。 3、宾语从句中的省略:1)在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中,连词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略。如:I think(that) the reform of the renminbi's exchangerate is necessary. 我认为人民币兑换率的改革是必要的。 &&&&&& He said(that) the Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order. 他说《反分裂国家法》已被通过,而且胡锦涛主席已签署了主席令。 2)由which, when, where, how, 和why引导的宾语从句,可以全部或部分省略。如:I know that NBA star YaoMing will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city). 我知道NBA明星要到我们城市来但我不知道他什么时候来。 &&&&&& He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why(he wants to move abroad) 他想搬迁到国外但他的父母想知道为什么。 4、在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中,须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”,should可以省略:如:Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture Year(should) last long in various forms. 法国总统希拉克建议中法文化年以各种各样的形式长期持续。 5、主句省略多用于句首:如:(It is a) Pity that I didn't go to Mary's birthday party yesterday. 很遗憾,我昨天没有去参加玛丽的生日聚会。 6、在答语中,主句可全部省略。如:—Why were you absent from school last Friday?&&&&&&& —(I was absent from school) Because my mother was ill.&&&&&&& —上周五你为什么没有上学?&&&&&&& —因为我妈妈病了。 动词不定式省略:
1、保留to的场合: (1)不定式作某些动词的宾语时,这些动词常见的有:love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean, try, oblige, advise, persuade, agree, want, afford, forget, remember, try, manage等。如:—You should have thanked her before you left.&&&&&&& —I meant to, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.&&& &&&&&&& —你本该在离开前谢谢她。&&&&&&& —我本打算这么做,但当我就要离开的时候我却找不到她了。&&&&&& You can do it this way if you like to. 如果你想做,你可以这么做。 (2)不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时,这些动词常见的有:ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit, forbid, expect, order, warn 等。如:The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. 男孩想在街上骑他的自行车,但他母亲不让。&&&&&&& She wants to come but her parents won't allow her to(come). 她想来,可是她父母不让。 (3)不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时,常见的形容词有:happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready 等。如:—I will be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat? &&&&&&& —Not at all. I would be happy to (look after your cat). &&&&&&& —我要出差,你能帮我照顾一下我的猫吗?&&&&&&& —没关系,我很愿意。 (4)不定式作某些复合谓语时,常见结构如:be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to 等。如:He doesn't like fish but he used to. 他现在不喜欢吃鱼,但过去喜欢。 2、省略to的场合: (1)主语部分有to do,系动词is或was时,作表语的不定式通常省去to。&&&&&&&&& 如:The only thing you have to do is press the button. 你必须做的惟一事情是按按钮。 (2)作介词but, expect, besides的宾语,前面又有实意动词do时,不定式通常省去to。&&&&&&&&& 如:He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-"independence"timetable. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 他说陈水扁除了推进支持“独立”的时间表外,什么也没有做。 (3)主语部分暗含todo,表语中的不定式通常省去to。&&&&&&&&& 如:All I want(to do) is go to school and study hard. 我想要(做)的就是上学,努力学习。(4)当两个或多个不定式并列时,其后的不定式符号可以省略,但有对比关系时不可省略。&&&&&&&&& 如:It is easier to say than to do. 说起来容易,做起来难。 (5)在would rather...than...等结构中,不定式符号常常要省略。&&&&&&&&& 如:I would rather stay at home than go to see a film. 我宁愿呆在家也不愿去看电影。 (6)在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have, make, let, observe等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to;why(not)do结构中,不定式不带to。&&&&&&&&& 如:I saw her enter the room. 我看见她进入了房间。 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Why not join us? 为什么不加入到我们的行列里来呢?
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Because he was ______ of the new limit, he was stopped and warned for speeding.A.objective
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Because he was ______ of the new limit, he was stopped and warned for speeding.A.objectiveB.unawareC.indifferentD.bounded请帮忙给出正确答案和分析,谢谢!
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>>>—If he ___________, he ________that food.—Luckily he was se..
—If he ___________, he ________that food.—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. would not takeB. would not have takenC. had not takenD.wo had not taken
题型:单选题难度:偏易来源:不详
B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。根据下一句语境可知,他事先并没有得到警告,表示过去时间的虚拟语气,故选B
马上分享给同学
据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“—If he ___________, he ________that food.—Luckily he was se..”主要考查你对&&虚拟语气,情态动词&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
虚拟语气情态动词
虚拟语气的概念:
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用:
一、真实条件句:真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是如果的意思。时态关系句型:条件从句:一般现在时;主句:shall/will+动词原形 如:If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题: The volleyball match will be put off if it___. A. will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained 答案:B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。注意:1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will。如:&(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.&&&&&&&&& (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. &&&&&&&&&&& 2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 二、非真实条件句:非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。& 1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a. 同现在事实相反的假设。句型:从句:一般过去时;主句:should(would)+动词原形 如:If they were here, they would help you. b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型:条件从句:过去完成时;主句:should(would)have+过去分词 如:If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. &&&&&&& The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. &&&&&&& If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. c.表示对将来的假想句型:条件从句:一般过去时;主句:should+动词原形 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&从句: were+不定式;主句:would+动词原形 should+动词原形 如:If you succeeded, everything would be all right. &&&&&&& If you should succeed, everything would be all right. &&&&&&& If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 三、混合条件句:主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。 如:If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. (从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。) &&&&&&& If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 比较if only与only if:
only if表示“只有”;if only则表示“如果……就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。 如:I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。 &&&&&&& If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了,就好了。 &&&&&&& If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。&It is(high) time that It is(high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。 如:It is time that the children went to bed. &&&&&&& It is high time that the children should go to bed.& need“不必做”和“本不该做"”didn't need to do表示:过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。needn'thavedone表示:过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。 如:John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. &&&&&&& 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了。&&& &&&&&&& John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. &&&&&&& 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车。) 典型例题:There was plenty o ftime. She___. A. mustn't have hurriedB. couldn't have hurriedC. must not hurryD. needn't have hurried 答案:D。needn't havedone. 意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要。 Mustn't have done用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done,“不可能已经”。must not do不可以(用于一般现在时)特殊的虚拟语气词should 的用法:
1)It is demanded/necessary/a pity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形,should可省略。句型: 如:It is suggested that we(should) hold a meeting next week. &&&&&&& It is necessary that he(should) come to our meeting tomorrow. 2)在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist+(should)do 如:I suggest that we(should) hold a meeting next week.&&&&&&&&He insisted that he(should) be sent there. 注意:如suggest, insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”,即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。 如:The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错:(错)You pale face suggests that you(should) be ill.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& (错)I insisted that you(should) be wrong. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& (对)I insisted that you were wrong. 3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。 如:My idea is that we(should) get more people to attend the conference. &&&&&&& I make a proposal that we(should) hold a meeting next week. 虚拟语气知识体系:
虚拟条件句的倒装:
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had移到从句句首,实行倒装。 如:Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.&&&&&&&&&&&&Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.&&&& &&&&&&& Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词“be”的过去时态一律用“were”,不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。 如:If I were you, I would go to look for him.& 如果我是你,就会去找他。 &&&&&&& If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。典型例题:_____to do the work, I should do it some other day.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&A. If were I&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B. I were&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. Were I&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. Was I 答案:C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前,变成were, should, had+主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说Were I not to do.,而不能说Weren't I to do。情态动词的概念:
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。几组词的辨析:
1、need和dare的用法:need和dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。 (1)用作情态动词:&如:—Need I come? 我需要来吗?&&&&&&&& —Yes, you must. 需要。 &&&&&&&& You needn′t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。&&&&&&&&&&I don′t think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。&&&&&&&&&&She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。 &&&&&&&& How dare you say I′m unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平? &&&&&&&& Not one of them dared mention this.他们谁也不敢提这件事。 (2)用作实义动词: 如:You don′t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 &&&&&&& We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。 &&&&&&& The table needs painting(to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。 &&&&&&& We should dare to give our own opinion.我们要敢于提出自己的观点。 &&&&&&& He did not dare(to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。 &&&&&&& I dare day he′ll come again. 我想他会再来的。2、can和be able to:(1)情态动词can只有两种时态形式,现在式can和过去式could,而be able to有多种时态形式。 如:Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。 (2)用在过去时中,could经常表示能够做某事,事实上不一定去做,而was∕were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。 如:He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn′t feel like it that day. &&&&&&& 他能游过英吉利海峡,但那天他不想游。 &&&&&&& Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。 3、must和have to:must表示主观意志,而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式,除在间接引语中可用于表示过去时间,在直接引语中表示过去时间应该用had to代替。 如:I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必须戒烟。 &&&&&&& We had to get everything ready that night. 我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。 4、would和used to:(1)usedto表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同,而would只表过去的情况。如:People used to think that the earth was flat. &过去人们认为地球是平的。(现在人们不这么认为。)&&&&&&& &She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country. &&&&&&& 在乡下时,她总是在早晨去散会儿步。(可能现在仍有散步的习惯。) (2)used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况,而would只表示过去的习惯动作。 如:He used to∕would smoke while writing. 过去他写东西时常抽烟。 &&&&&&& She used to be fat. 她过去很胖。 情态动词的基本用法:1、can(could): 1)表示能力,could主要指过去时间。 如:Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。 &&&&&&& Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗? 2)表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。 如:The temperature can fall to–60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing. 气温可降至-60℃,也就是零下60℃。 &&&&&&& He can′t(couldn′t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。&& &&&&&&& You mustn′t smoke while you′re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.& &&&&&&& 在林子里走时勿吸烟,那样可能会引起火灾。 3)表示允许。 如:Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗? &&&&&&& He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。 4)表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 如:Where can(could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢? &&&&&&& He can′t(couldn′t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。 &&&&&&& How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心? 5)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 如:Can(Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗? &&&&&&& I′m afraid we couldn′t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。 2、may(might): 1)表允许,might可以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉。 如:You may take what ever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。 &&&&&&& He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。 &&&&&&& May(Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗?在回答以may引起的问句时,多避免用这个词,而用其它方式:如:Yes, please./Certainly. /Please don′t./You′d better not./No, you mustn′t.等,以免显得太严峻或不客气。 2)表可能(事实上)。可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定。 如:He may be at home. 他可能在家。 &&&&&&& She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。 &&&&&&& He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。& 如:They might be having a meeting, but I′m not sure. 他们有可能在开会,不过我不肯定。 3、must:1)表示义务。意为“必须”(主观意志)。 如:We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。 &&&&&&& You mustn′t talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。 &&&&&&&& —Must we hand in our exercise-books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗? &&&&&&&& —No, you needn′t./No, you don′t have to.不必。(这种情况下,一般不用mustn′t) 2)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。 如:He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。 如:She′s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot o fmoney. 她戴着钻石项链,一定很有钱。 4、shall:1)表征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。 如:Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗? &&&&&&& Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗? &&&&&&& What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么? 2)表说话人的意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思,用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 如:You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。(命令) &&&&&&& You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。(允诺) &&&&&&& He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.有一天他会后悔的,我告诉你。(警告) 如:Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。(决心) 5、will:1)表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。 如:I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。 &&&&&&& None is so blind as those who won′t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。 &&&&&&& If you will read the book, I′ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书,我会把它借给你。 2)表请求,用于疑问句。 如:Will you close the window? It′s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗?有点冷。 &&&&&&& Won′t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗? 3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 如:Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。&&&&&&& The door won′t open. 这门打不开。 &&&&&&& The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.& &&&&&&& 那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点,看着车辆行人通过。 6、should:1)表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做),用于各种人称。 如:You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 &&&&&&& You shouldn′t waste anytime. 你不应该浪费时间。 2)表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。 如:The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的,估计拍得很好。&&&&&&& &&&&&&& They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。 7、would:1)表意愿。 如:They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。&&&&&&&&&I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 2)表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 如:Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗? &&&&&&& Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗? &&&&&&& They wouldn′t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。 3)表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。 如:Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。8、ought to:1)表义务,意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做),口气比should稍重。 如:You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲,应当管他。 &&&&&&& You oughtn′t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。 2)表推测,暗含很大的可能,语气较弱。 如:Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。 &&&&&&& There′ it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞,明天应该是个好天。 9、used to:表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。 如:He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city. 他过去住在乡下,现在住在城里。 &&&&&&& There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房,现在拆了。 &&&&&&& I usedn′t (didn′t use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。 &&&&&&& Used you(Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗?情态动词的其他用法:首先它是动词,而且不同于行为动词,行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作(如写,读,跑),而情态动词只是表达的一种想法(如能,也许,敢)。用法是:情态动词+行为动词原形:句:I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。 如:We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。 &&&&&&& May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗? &&&&&&& Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗? &&&&&&& You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。情态动词知识体系:
&情态动词表推测的三种句式: 1、在肯定句中一般用must(一定),may(可能),might/could(也许,或许)。如:He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。&&&&&&&&&It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 屋里很冷,他们肯定把暖气关了。 2、否定句中用can't/couldn't (不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。如:It can't/couldn't be the headmaster. He has gone to America.& 这不可能是校长,他去美国了&&&&&&& He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。 3、疑问句中用can/could(能……?)。如:Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗?&&&&&&& Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗?注:以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。情态动词表推测的三种时态:1、对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词+动词原形”。如:She must/may/might/could arrive before 5.& 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。 &&&&&&& She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.&&&&&&& 她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。 2、对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词+be”,“情态动词+bedoing”或“情态动词+动词原形”。如:He must/may/might/could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。&&&&&&& He can't(couldn't)/may(might) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。&&&&&&& Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can(could) he be late for the opening ceremony? &&&&&&& 布什先生一向准时,这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢? 3、对过去情况的推测,用“情态动词+have+过去分词”。如:It must/may/might/ could have rained last night. The ground is wet. 地湿了,昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。&&&&&&& The door was locked. He can(could) not/may(might) not have been at home. 门锁着,他不可能/可能不在家。&&&&&&& &&&&&&& Can/Could he have gotten the book?难道他找到书了吗?注:情态动词should/ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应……”但与“have+过去分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。如:It's seven o'clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. &&&&&&& 现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。(推测)&&&& &&&&&&& She should/ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital.(虚拟)&&&&&&& 她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。& &&&&&&& Tom should not/ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm.(虚拟)&&&&&&& 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意。
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