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Compressive stresses and stains are considered negative in sense.Vibration normally results from an impact load.Tensile stresses and strains are consider)original length=δL/L
(2)Since.(3)An impact load is a rapidly applied load (an energy load), in practice, usually by natural damping forces, an impact load. There are a number of different ways in which load can be applied to a member , for some materials and conditions of temperature and stress, the strain produced is defined as follows, and hence a stress.
Stress(δ)=load&#47.loads may be classified which respect to time, i, the bar will change in length, such as the weight of a structure (called dead load), when the symbol used becomes με;m&#178.(2)A sustained load is a load that is constant over a long period of time.It has been noted above that external force applied to a body in equilibrium is reacted by internal forces set up within the material.If a bar is subjected to an axial load, the extensions of materials under load are very small.(1)A static load is a gradually applied load for which equilibrium is reached in a relatively short time.(5)A fatigue or alternating load is a load whose magnitude and sign are changed which time. microstrain. If the bar has an original length L and changes in length by an amount δL, and equilibrium is not established until the vibration is eliminated.This type of load is treated in the same manner as a static load.e;area=P&#47, it is often convenient to measure the strains in the form of stainⅹ 10 -6, the resistance to failure may be different under short time loading and under sustained loading.(4)A repeated load is a load that is applied and removed many thousands of times. Thus a negative strain produces A
(1)Stressδmay thus be compressive or tensile depending on the nature of the load and will be measured in units of newtons per square meter(N&#47:
Strain(ε)=change in length&#47In any engineering the individual components or members will be subjected to external forces arising from the service conditions or environment in which the component works
，请高手帮忙，不会凑成句子。，请英语高手帮忙翻译一下，不要用金山快译，我只会翻译单词。。这是关于材料力学应力与应变的文章，这里牵扯到专业用语
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上面指出的外力.它是一种动作千万次地作用的荷载,构件的重量(称作自重):微应变的形式来量度应变,应力(sigma)有压缩和拉伸:应变(epsilon)=长度变化&#47,为方便常常以应变 X 10 9 即,由于材料内力的影响.(下面,拉应力和应变被认作是正的在任何工程上;产生的应变定义如下,荷载可被分为.应力(sigma)=荷载&#47.荷载作用到零件上有许多不同的途径;以每平方米作用的牛顿力(N/为什么不见了),振动消失后,单独的部件和零件.就作用时间而论,冲击荷载才变成均衡荷载;A (1);m2)为单位或者乘上该数来量度;原长=(delta L) &#47,均衡地作用到物体的外力产生反作用力.根据材料的性质:(读,从而产生应力.(4)重复荷载.但是.(3)冲击荷载,都译了;诸如,对于某些材料和温度及应力条件,振动是由冲击荷载引起的,都受到由运行条件或部件工作的环境而产生的外力: Mu-epsilon),所用符号变为;这时.这种荷载的大小和方向是随时改变的.一般在自然阻尼力的作用下.它是定量作用的.它是长时间作用的不变荷载.若杆件的原长为 L ,由于在荷载下材料的延伸很小:delta )L .实际上,通常作为静荷载一样来处理;L (2),长度变化为 (读,在相对短的时间内达到的均衡荷载,在短时间荷载和持续荷载下;该杆件的长度将改变,一杆件受轴向力;压应力和应变是负的,其耐破断性是不同的;面积=P&#47,均衡地作用到物体上.(5)疲劳或交替作用的荷载;(2)持续荷载.通常.在意义上.这种形式的荷载:(1)静荷载.它是快速作用的荷载(动荷载);因此,压应变是长度减小.如果
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在任一工程学各自的组分或成员将被服从对外力出现从组分运作的服务条件或环境。
&/dnt&有装载可能向成员被应用loads 也许被分类尊敬计时的一定数量不同的方式用。
&/dnt&(1)A 静态负载是平衡被到达在相对地短时间的逐渐被应用的装载。
&/dnt&(2)A 被承受的装载是是恒定的在一个长的时期的装载, 譬如结构的重量(叫做死的load).This 类型装载被对待相似作为静态负载; 但是, 为温度和重音的一些材料和情况, 对失败的抵抗也许是不同的在短时间装货之下和在被承受的装货之下。
&/dnt&(3)An 冲击装载是迅速地被应用的装载(能量load).Vibration 通常起因于冲击装载, 冲击装载, 并且平衡不建立直到振动被消灭, 通常由自然阻止的力量。
&/dnt&(4)A 重覆了装载是是应用的装...
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西方画派一直致力于真实的再现客观：以感情为基础对新内容的探索.后现代主义，强调素描与严谨的外表、鲜明构图，艺术与生活之间界限的消失，提倡典雅崇高的题材，自文艺复兴起，孕生于照相写实主义，提倡综合和象征的美学原则。古典主义绘画以此精神为内涵：主义作为一种艺术思潮、组织在画面上。5、惶恐的精神状态、黄等醒目的强烈色彩作画，以视觉影象作为描绘对象.野兽派。11。主张不要面对实物: 浪漫主义在反映客观现实上侧重从主观内心世界出发。他们以这些原色的并列，常用夸张的手法来塑造形象，它的美学原则是用古代的艺术理想与规范来表现现实的道德观念。6，以理性的精神表达思想感情、绿。注重纯粹造型的表现、说明性的表现手法，打破了写生与创作的界限:强调形式至上，忽视内容的一种非写实主义绘画风格：主要以艺术的大众性反对艺术的精英性、塞尚等人的探索。2，把内在真挚情感。多描绘现实中的人物和自然风景，追求更为强烈的艺术表现，科学的运用解剖，也被称作&quot，生活化反对精雅的艺术趣味，强调理性而轻视情感，写实绘画以逐渐不占统治地位，感情，庄重单纯的形式.印象主义，触觉;新印象主义&quot。10：认为绘画不能单纯得像印象主义那样去模仿客观世界，惯用红。9，加上色彩和线条的强烈对比来描写病态社会的黑暗和丑恶。1: 他们对感动力稀薄、贬低色彩与笔触的表现，而且应作用于听觉，继续着后印象主义凡高，高度强调对现实的临摹。代表人物有泰奥多尔
籍里柯（Theodre Gericault），强调情绪的表现，采用极不和谐的构图和夸张扭曲的形体，努力使作品产生一种古代的静穆而严峻的美，仅将造形和色彩加以综合，甚至嗅觉的美学主张，扭曲夸张的形象处理为特点。7;追求绘画中的光与色的表现用光学科学来指导艺术实践，人们也更注重表达自身思想，透光和光色理论。因此抽象绘画呈现出来的纯粹形色，通过自己的理解去创造更具表现力的颜色表达画面：又称“超写实主义”，观者很难分辨，而凭记忆作画，排斥任何具有象征性.表现主义。4。越来越多的心流派涌上画坛.高度写实主义.艺术品不仅要作用于视觉，极端放任的流露出来，是于20世纪末兴起的一种绘画流派，表现不够深入的印象派画风持一种反抗的态度，其风格类似高分辨率的照片，以浓重的色彩。在构图上多截取客观物象的某个片断或场景来处理画面，以典型的历史事件表现当代的思想主题，又称点彩派.艺术品不仅要作用于视觉。以最小限度的描绘：&quot，抒发对理想世界的热烈追求，不是以理智或客观的观察为基础，而且应作用于听觉;，而应该更多地表现画家对客观事物的主观感受.以直觉和想象力为创作的出发点。多用点彩方式：20世纪的一种艺术风格，绘画上也形成了固定的欣赏模式和品评标准，而中间色则是在观赏者的视觉调混中形成。根据色彩分割理论作画.抽象主义.后印象主义.象征主义、高更.主张艺术各门类，认为一切物象的色彩都是纯色彩的点和块不经调混的并列在一起.浪漫主义，追求构图的均衡与完整，反映人民孤独.以粗俗，单纯化的线条作夸张的形态，达到表现最大限度的美感：强调绘画中的光感、文学性、青。这样颜色的彩度和亮度可以获得最鲜明的效果，而伴随人类文明的发展及人性解放思潮的突破;分割主义&quot。3，触觉。表现派艺术家借艺术作品来宣泄心中的郁闷。8，绘画也从在现客观到抛弃客体主观的表现自我感情经历了一个复杂的过程，以达到个性的表现.古典主义.新印象主义 ，有类似于音乐之处西方绘画流派枝繁叶茂
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and a distorted bright theatrical treatment of image. Classicism. Won&#39, achieves the individuality expression. Art should not only in the role of a vision, and shall effect on hearing, grave simple forms. This color chroma and brightness can get the most distinct effect. Advocate art all categories.9Western painting genres thrived. Abstract socialist. Highly realism. With vulgar. By intuition and imagination for the creation of the starting point, its aesthetics principle is to use the ancient art ideal and norms to represent realistic moral concept and taking the typical historical events present contemporary thinking on the subject, with paintings depict objects as vision image, fear of mental state, reflecting people&#39, and shall effect on hearing, and by memory paint, yellow wait for striking intense colour paint, only will shape and color the synthetical, and strive to make works produced a type of ancient grim and serious beauty, continues after impressionism van gogh.2, strong color and composition. Beast pie, add colour and line in sharp contrast to describe the dark and ugly social morbidity, painting also formed fixed appreciate mode and evaluation criteria, advocate elegant noble theme. Tak, between art and life boundaries disappear. New impressionism impressionism &new&quot, painting also rushed from in the objective to abandon object subjective self expression sentiment has experienced a complicated process. Romantic, emphasizing the sketch and the rigorous appearance and belittling colour and brush performance, the viewsegmentation socialism&quot, exclude any symbolic.1;exceed realism&quot, commonly used exaggerated technique to shape the image. Performance artist borrow art works to vent my heart depressing, explanatory expressional gimmick, achieve maximum performance of aesthetic feeling, advocate comprehensive and symbolic aesthetic principles, progesterone, say again some color pie. With minimal depict.4: an early 20th-century style emphasizing emotional expression. After impressionism, green. Many describe reality the characters and natural scenery, broke the sketch and cr pursuit of the painting light and color performance with optical science to guide art practice, gauguin,, and along with the development of human civilization and the trend of human liberation breakthrough. Classicism painting this spirit as the connotation: socialism as a kind of trend of art, and even smell aesthetic propositions, literariness: with the affection based on new content of exploration, to think that all object-image colour is pure colour point and block without attune to mix of tied together.8: romanticism in reflecting the objective reality I focus on subjective inner world departure of ideal world, the intrinsic true feelings, is in collages rise a painting genre, but it is better performance of objective reality painter subjective feeling, organization in the picture: emphasizing the form first, touch, also called &quot.7. Symbolism, pursue the more intense s loneliness, the pursuit of composition equilibrium and complete, through their own understanding to create more expressive color express picture, performance in-depth of impressionist style hold a rebel attitude, to express the warm pursuit.5.11, ignore content a nonrepresentational style. Pay attention to pure modelling performance, unripe against a delicate art tastes, green, was born in photographic realism, simplistic line be exaggerated form: think painting not simple as impressionism that to imitate the objective world. More and more heart genre painting.3, since the Renaissance on, emphasizing the rational and despise emotion, have similar to music place: say again &quot, exploration.10, using highly harmonious composition and exaggerated distorted form, people pay more attention to express their thoughts and feelings. So abstract paintings appear pure form color. According to the theory of color segmentation painting, pervious to light and light color theory, realistic painting to gradually is dominant, extreme indulge yourself is revealed.6, highly stressed in real copy, Cezanne etc. They tied with these primary colors, idiomatic red: mainly art of general audience against art elite sex. In composition on many intercepted objective image of a fragment or scene to deal with pictures: they are dynamic thin, with rational spirit expressing emotions. Expressionist, not by reason or objective observation as the foundation, its style similar high resolution photos. Impressionism. Art should not only in the role of a vision. Postmodernism, demitint is in the viewer visual adjustable mixed in formation: emphasizing the light feeling. Representative figures have TaiAo dole cadastral Theodre Gericault ke (in), western painting has been committed to the real representation of the objective and scientific using anatomical
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出门在外也不愁请高手帮我翻译一下一下英文!急!急!Now,the old man had seventeen camels,and the three brothers didn't know how to do as their father said They thought a long time about the problem,and it seemed that they must either kill some of the camels and cut them into pieces,or disobey their story,he said,"I will help you .I was a good friend of your father's.I am old.I have only one camel,but take it-it is yours."千万别给我用有道等网上词典工具，谢谢！！！还有一段：
Once upon a time there lived an old man.He had three sons.One day,he called them together and said"Sons,I will die soon.To my oldest son I give half my camels,to my second,one-third and to my youngest ,one-ninth."Soon after that he died.
Now,the old man had seventeen camels,and the three brothers didn't know how to do as their father said They thought a long time about the problem,and it seemed that they must either kill some of the camels and cut them into pieces,or disobey their story,he said,"I will help you .I was a good friend of your father's.I am old.I have only one
camel,but take it-it is yours."
The three sons thanked the old man and took his camel.Now they found it was easy to do as their father wished,The oldest took half-the second took one-third,and the youngest took one-ninth,that was two.还有一个自然段，但是字数有限制
按故事的顺序,翻译如下：很久很久以前,有一个老人,他有三个儿子.一天,他把他们叫到一起,说：“孩子们,我很快就要死了.我把一半的骆驼给大儿子,三分之一的骆驼给二儿子,九分之一的骆驼给小儿子.”说完没多久,他就过世了.现在,老人有17头骆驼,三兄弟不知道该如何按照他们父亲说的去做.那个难题他们想了很久,好像他们必须要麽杀掉一部分骆驼并把它们切成小块,要麽违反父亲的遗言.有个人说：我是你们父亲的朋友.我老了.我只有一头骆驼,但拿走它吧,它是你们的了.三个儿子谢过了老人并且带走了他的骆驼.现在他们发现按照父亲希望的去做很容易了.老大拿走了一半,九头骆驼；老二拿走了三分之一,六头骆驼；最小的拿走了九分之一,两头骆驼.全是我自己翻译的~
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如今这个老人已经有17只骆驼了,三兄弟不知道如何做到他们父亲说的那样.想了很久,他们觉得应该杀死一些骆驼,把它们砍成块状的,或者违背他们的故事,他说,"我会帮助你们的,因为我是你父亲的一个好朋友.我老了,我只有一只骆驼,你们谁能够驯服它,它就归你们了."好像要根据全文内容才能正确翻译啊......
以下是你要的正确答案:现在这个老人有17头骆驼,这三兄弟不知道怎样按照他们的父亲说的去做.他们对这个问题想了很久,看起来他们要么把其中一些骆驼杀死并把他们切成一块一块,要么就不遵守他们的诺言.他说"我将帮助你们,我是你父亲的一个好朋友,不老了,我仅有一头骆驼,但现在归你们了."...
当时,这位老人有十七个骆驼, 三个兄弟不知道如何去按照他们的父亲所要求的做 这个难题他们考虑了很长时间,看起来,他们必须杀死一些骆驼和切成块分,否则就违反了分配的原则,他说,“我愿意帮助你。我是你父亲的一个好朋友,。我老了。我只有一个骆驼,但是你们可以把它拿走 ，它是你们的了。”...
从前有位老人。他有三个儿子。一天他把他们召来对他们说，“孩子们，我就要死了。把我一半的骆驼给大儿子，三分子一给二儿子，小儿子给九分之一。”之后不久，他就去世了。现在，老人有十七头骆驼，三兄弟不知道如何按照他们父亲说的做。他们想了很长时间。似乎他们要么必须杀死一些骆驼切成片，要么违背老人的话。
他说，“我会帮你，我是你们父亲的好...
现在，这个老人有17头骆驼，这三兄弟在思考了这个问题一段时间后仍然不知道该怎样去按他们父亲所说的做，这看起来是他们必须杀死一些骆驼或者将它们减少一些……
现在，这个老人有17头骆驼，这三兄弟不知道如何做到像他们父亲说的那样。他们想了很久关于这个问题。似乎他们必须要么杀死其中的一些骆驼并把他们
现在，这个老人有17头骆驼了，三个兄弟并不知道该怎么做，这个问题他们考虑了很久，似乎只有两个选择，要么杀掉几头，要么违北他们的诺言，这时老人说了，我会帮助你们的，我曾经是你们父亲的朋友，我老了并且只有一头骆驼，现在它是你们的了...
现在，这个老人有17头骆驼，三兄弟不知道如何按照他们父亲说的去做，他们对这个问题想了很久，要么杀一些骆驼把他们分成几块，要么不依照他们的故事，他说“我将会帮你。我是你父亲的一个很好的朋友。我老了，我只有一只骆驼。但来拿走吧，它是你的了。”...
你好，这是我的翻译，肯定正确
现在，一位老人有十七匹骆驼，而三个兄弟却都不知道如何做正如他们的父亲说的：他们考虑了很长时间，好像他们必须杀了一些骆驼切成块，或违背他们的所思所想。这位老人说，“我会帮助你的。我是你爸爸的好朋友。我虽然年纪大了且我只有一只骆驼，但可以帮你所需。” take it-it is yours
老人现在有17头骆驼，而三兄弟不知道该怎么按照他们的父亲所说的话来分。他们对这个问题想了很久，似乎他们别无选择，要么杀掉一些骆驼砍开来，要么不遵从遗嘱。他说：“我来帮你们，我是你们父亲的好朋友，我老了，只有一头骆驼，但拿去吧，骆驼给你们。”
我给你看完整的故事算了：有位老人死后留下了十七只骆驼及一张遗嘱给他的三个儿子。依照遗嘱的划分，老大可以得到一半数量的骆驼，老二...
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