他是第一个到那儿的。 He is __...

每天早上他总是第一个到学校,用英语怎么说?He is always ( )( )person ( )( )to school every morning.
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>>>翻译句子。1. 他来自英国,他是英国人。 He is from _____ . H..
翻译句子。
1. 他来自英国,他是英国人。&&& He is from _____ . He is _____&.2. 我的英语老师是美国人。&&& My English teacher is from _____&. &&& My English teacher is _____&. &&& My English teacher is _____& _____&.
题型:翻译题难度:中档来源:同步题
1. E English2. America, American,&an American
马上分享给同学
据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“翻译句子。1. 他来自英国,他是英国人。 He is from _____ . H..”主要考查你对&&翻译能力&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
现在没空?点击收藏,以后再看。
因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时就要掌握所学句型及短语,还要灵活运用。汉译英的考点很多,不仅考查学生的语言基本功,即对词汇的记忆能力和理解能力,还考查学生在具体的语境中灵活运用词汇知识和语法知识的能力。&初中英语翻译题解题技巧:翻译题在初中英语试题中占15分,题型分为两种,一种是汉译英(11分),它分为部分翻译5个和整句翻译3个,另一种是英译汉(4分)。汉译英谈谈解题技巧:可以从时态、语态、固定短语、主谓一致、基本句型等许多方面来考查。& 汉译英题的解题步骤如下:& 1.通读汉语,了解这个句子所要表达的意思& 2.阅读英文,找出其中要考查的内容,揣摩出题人的意图,并分析。 3.观察一下要求翻译的汉语,然后联想一下相关的词汇、句型,并考虑时态、语态、词形变化、主谓一致等问题。 4.翻译出所缺的英文部分。& 5.将翻译好的句子再通读一遍,并从时态、语态、词形、数的一致等方面检查一下。a.上课做笔记是个好习惯。It’s&a&good&habbit&to&_____&in&class.&观察后发现考查的内容为一个短语,所以经过联想,想到take&notes&这个短语,并注意复数形式。&b.几年来,他拍了几部大片。&____________________________这是一个整句翻译,首先想到“几年来”这个短语over&the&years,它是固定短语,然后想到它所用到的时态为现在完成时,所以这个句子写成:Over&the&years,&he&has&made&some&great&movies.&c.必须经常浇树。&一看到这个题目,有的同学有些发懵,因为这个句子没有主语,那么就要想到被动语态,而且是含有“必须”这个情态动词,这时就可以联想到含有情态动词的被动语态的构成:主语+情态动词+be&+p.p&所以这个句子写成:Trees&must&be&watered&often.英译汉解题步骤如下: 1.浏览整段文章,清楚大概内容。& 2.分析划线部分的句子含义,遇到不会的生词,要从上下文的内容中来猜测。& 3.整理好所思考的句子,注意英汉语言方面的差异,所翻译好的句子必须符合汉语逻辑思维,而且语言要通顺,意思要明确。& eg. Do dogs wear shoes? Some police dogs in western Germany do. People made special shoes for them. Police say that these shoes can protect the dogs from broken glass.&翻译这句话时,必须把“do”翻译出来,否则意思不明确。根据上下文”do”表示穿鞋,所以整句翻译为:有些德国西部的警犬穿鞋。 那么,想做好这种类型的题,平时必须多下功夫,必须做到:&1.熟练掌握常用的词汇、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配的用法。&2.掌握各种句型结构。&3.掌握各种时态、语态及主谓一致原则。&4.具有用英语思维的习惯。&5.熟读课文,万变不离其宗,无论怎样变化,考试都离不开教材这个大的考纲。英语翻译技巧:英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中。1.增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如:  (1)What about calling him right away?马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何? (增译主语和谓语)  (2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)  (3)Indeed, the reverse is true实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词)  (4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)  (5)只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the mon people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词)   (6)这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。This is yet another mon point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词)  (7)在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增译暗含词语)&&&&&& (8)三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits bined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增译注释性词语)2.省译法:这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如:(1)You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。(省译物主代词)(2) I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在这儿过得愉快。(省译物主代词)
发现相似题
与“翻译句子。1. 他来自英国,他是英国人。 He is from _____ . H..”考查相似的试题有:
12078155269260319146354237027240967虚拟语气_百度百科
虚拟语气用来表示假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气表示说话者所说的话并非事实,或难以实现的,甚至表达相反的概念。另外表示主观愿望或表达某种强烈的感情时,也用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气种类
虚拟语气陈述语气
表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。如:
Iraq is an Asian country. 伊拉克是亚洲国家。(肯定句)
The US and British armies did not start the Second Gulf War until March 20,2003.
美英联军直到日才发动第二次海湾战争。(否定句)
Who was it that they want to help? 他们想要帮忙的人到底是谁呀?(疑问句)
How interesting my stay in China has been! 我在中国的日子过的真有趣!(感叹句)
虚拟语气祈使语气
表示说话人对对方的请求、警告,建议或命令。如:  
Please come over here. 请到这边来。
Would you be so kind as to lend me a hand? 请帮个忙好吗?
Watch your steps! 当心!(走路)
Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。
虚拟语气虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语从句的特殊形式表示出来的。如:  
If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
If only we had been college students last year! 上一年我们要是大学生该多好!
虚拟语气应用条件
在表示假想的虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气,
表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时,也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法,愿望,假想,猜测,怀疑或建议,而不是根据客观实际,就用虚拟语气。主要是英语语法的一种表达。
虚拟语气条件状语
可分为两类,一类为,一类为。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
If he doesn't hurry up,he will miss the bus.如果他不快点,他将错过巴士。( 真实)
If he is free,he will ask me to tell stories.如果他是空闲的,他会要求我讲故事。(真实)
If I were you,I would go at once.如果我是你,我马上就会去。(我不可能是你。非真实,虚拟语气,与事实相反)
If there were no air,people would die.如果没有空气,人就会死亡。(不可能没有空气。非真实,虚拟语气,与事实相反)
1、表示与事实相反的情况
:If++过去时(Be动词用were)
:主语+ should/would/might/could+do:
1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)
2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.
如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)
3.If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.
如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)
4.If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.
如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没有带钱)
5.If he studied harder,he might pass the exam.
如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:没有努力)
6.If I were you, I'd wear a shirt and tie.
如果我是你,我就会穿衬衫和领带。(事实:我并不是你)[1]
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
:If++had+done
:主语+should/would/might/could+have done
1. If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。
(事实:去晚了)
2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。
(事实:没有听我的话)
3.She looked at me as if I had been a stranger.
她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。(事实:我并非陌生人)
3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
:①if++were to do (if 表示未来的虚拟语气独有形式,其他如wish, even if等词都没有该形式来表示未来的虚拟语气)
②if+主语+should+do
③if+主语+过去式(be动词用were)
:主语+should/would/might/could+do
1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)
2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would go skating.
如果下周日下大雪,我们就去滑冰。(事实:下雪可能性很小,不可能)
3.If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)
4、 有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。
①的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与正在发生的事实不符。
If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.
如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了
If they had informed us,we would not come here now.
如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.
如果他今天有空的话,我们就已经派他去北京了。
If he knew her,he would have greeted her.
要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。
5、 当的含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时要用,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。eg:
Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.
要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去了。
Were she here,she would agree with us.
如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.
如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
6、中的有时不表达出来,只暗含在、、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…,but for…(要不是因为...)等
But for his help,we would be working now.
要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.
要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。
We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。
7、 有时,虚拟条件语气的从句中,主、可以省略其中的一个,来表示的一种强烈的感情。
He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。
②省略主句
If I were at home now. 要是我现 在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it. 我要是得到它了该多好啊。
8.注意,在虚拟语气的中,动词be的过去一律用were,不用was。
eg:If I were you,I would go to look for him.
如果我是你,就会去找他。[1]
虚拟语气目的状语
1、在for fear that,in case,lest引导的从句中,若用虚拟语气时,从句谓语为:(should) + do。并且should能省略(for fear that,lest),in case不能省略
She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in.
她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入。
He started out earlier lest he (should) be late.
他早早地就出发了以防迟到。
2、在so that / in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为:can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do。
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。
He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。
虚拟语气宾语从句
虚拟语气一、I wish后的宾语从句
动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时(同样be动词换成were);若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用would / could+have +过去分词或者过去完成时had done(注意这里的情态动词不能用should);若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)+动词原形。
注意如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。
I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。
We wish he didn’t smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。
I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。
I wish the train would come. 我希望火车将会来。
I wished I hadn't spent so much money. 但愿我没有花这么多钱。
虚拟语气二、表示“坚持”后的宾语从句
主要是指insist的宾语从句,从句谓 语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国 英语中通常可以省略。如:
I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
He insisted that I (should) go with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。[2]
Rose insisted that he be present. 罗斯坚持要他出席。
The detective insisted that he should have a look. 警探坚持要查看。
注意:动词insist后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别是:若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。比较:
He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
虚拟语气三、表示“命令”后的宾语从句
主要是指order, command的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语 中通常可以省略。如:
He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告还押。
The King ordered that the man be released. 国王命令释放那人。
He commanded that we (should) attack at once. 他命令我们立即发起进攻。
虚拟语气四、表示“建议”后的宾语从句
主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句,从句 谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如:
He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
The doctor advised that he change his job. 医生劝他换工作。
They recommend that this tax be abolished. 他们建议取消这种税。
I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now. 我建议我们现 在就吃午饭。
The committee proposed (that) Mr. Day be elected. 委员会建议推选戴先生。
The doctor advised [suggested] that he (should) not smoke. 医生建议他不要抽烟。
I propose that the matter be put to the vote at once. 我提议对此问题立刻进行表决。
He proposed that Mr. O’Leary be the chairman. 他提议奥列利先生担任主席。
She suggested that I (should) be responsible for the arrangements. 她建议我来负责进行安排。
注意:与动词insist相似,动词suggest后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别也是:若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气,此时suggest通常译为“建议”;若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实,则要用陈述语气,此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。比较并体会:
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。
What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。
虚拟语气五、表示“要求”后的宾语从句
主要是指ask, demand, require, request等后的宾语从句,从句谓语 由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常 可以省略。如:
I ask that he leave. 我要求他走开。
He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场。
They require that I go at once. 他们要求我立刻走。
I demand that John (should) go there at once. 我要求约翰立即到那里去。
I requested that he should use his influence on my behalf. 我请求他为我施用他的影响。
He asked that the message be given to Madame immediately. 他要求把信息立即带给夫人。
They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult man. 他们要求给予每个成年男子以选举权。
虚拟语气六、表示“提议”“投票”后的宾语从句
主要是指move, vote等后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如:
I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案。
Mr. Chairman, I beg to move that the meeting be adjourned. 主席先生,我提议休会。
Congress has voted that the present law be maintained. 国会投票决定维持现 在这条法律。
Claudel moved that Norwood should be made a member of the committee. 克洛戴尔提出动议,让诺伍德当一名委员。
虚拟语气七、表示“敦促”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词urge后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词 原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如:
He urges that the restrictions be lifted. 他敦促取消这些限制。
He urged that they go to Europe. 他敦促他们到欧洲去。
He urged that the rates should be reduced. 他敦请减轻捐税。
He urged that the matter should go to arbitration. 他极力主张这件事要提交仲裁。
They urged that relief work should be given priority. 他们敦促将救济工作放在优先位置。
虚拟语气八、表示“安排”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词arrange后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构 成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如:
He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外。
I arranged that Tom should meet them. 我安排好叫汤姆去接他们。
They arranged that the minister should be met at the airport. 他们安排在机场迎接这位部长。
It was arranged that they should leave the following spring. 已安排好他们第二年春天离开。
They’ve arranged that I should absent myself for part of the meeting. 他们安排好让我一部分时间不在开会现场。
虚拟语气九、表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词desire, intend后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其 中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如:
She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。
They intended that the news (should) be suppressed. 他们打算封锁这条消息。
I desire the patient should have a bath every day. 我希望病人每天洗澡。
虚拟语气十、表示“指示”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词direct后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。 如:
The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。
虚拟语气倒装
有时可将的连词if省略,但此时应用句型,即把从句中的 等提到句首:
Were I Tom,I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆,我会拒绝。
Should it be necessary,I would go. 假若有必要,我会去的。
Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。
① 若条件从句为,not应置于之后,而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren’t,Shouldn’t,Hadn’t而置于句首。
② 有时省略if后提前的had不是:
Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的。(=If I had time…)
虚拟语气be的用法
虚拟语气主语和动词be
若主语一致,且谓语部分包含有动词be,通常可将主语和动词be省略:
If repaired earlier,the tractor would not have broken down.
要是早点儿修一下,拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)
虚拟语气“it+be”的省略
If necessary,I would send more farmhands to help you.
如果需要的话,我会派更多的人去帮你。(=If it was necessary,…)
虚拟语气其他用法
1、一想要(desire) 一宁愿(prefer) 一坚持(insist)二命令(order , command) 三建议(advise , suggest , propose/recommend) 四要求(demand , require , request , ask)中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:"should + do"。should可以省略。
eg:He suggested that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He demand that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气;意为“坚持某种观点,某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。
He insists he is a student.
他坚持说他是个学生。
这个语句表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。
suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。
His face suggests that he looks worried .
他的表情暗含着他很担心。
这个句子本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。
2、表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity ,the shame ,no wonder等。
句型:It is.......that +,从句的谓语动词常用should+原形且should的省略要看情况而定。
Do you think it is necessary that he (should)not be sent to Lingbao.(should表示“建议”的语气,可省。)
It is strange that such a person should be our friend.(should表示“竟然”的语气,不可省。)
奇怪的是这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。
We also use the subjunctive from in that clauses following adjective of urgency.These statements are similar to commands,but they are impersonal and therefore softer.here are some adjectives of urgency:advisable ,best,critical,desirable,essential,imperative,important,necessary,urgent,vital.
It's vital that you make a decision right now . (Impersonal and softer)
Make a decision right now! (Strong)
I insist that you make a decision right now. ( strong)
注:这一点还没有准确的说法,希望善心人能把这点补充完全。
3、 在even if,even though 所引导的中用may/might+,may/might可以省略,表示与现 在相反的情况;从句用,表示与过去相反的情况,类似的词有though/even though/whatever/however/ 主句、从句的结构与if所引导的结构相同。
Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do.
即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。(事实:他没来)
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.
即使在世也救不了他。(事实:华佗不在世)
4、 在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever,wherever,however,no matter wh-等引导的中,从句虚拟语气结构为:
指现 在或将来:may +do。
We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.
不管,我们都要按时完成。
We will find him wherever he may be.
无论他在哪里,我们都要找到他。
I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.
不管他来的多么晚,我都会等他。
指过去:may +have done。
You mustn't be proud whatever great progress you may have made.
不管你取得了多么大的进步,你也不能骄傲。
We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.
不管他犯过什么错误,我们必须尊敬他。
5、一般would rather,had rather,would sooner等之后的常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:
过去 had + done
现 在 过去时(be 用were )
将来 过去时(be 用were ) (would rather将来情况用一般过去时)
I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.
我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I'd rather you were here now.
我倒想你现在在这儿。
We'd rather you went here tomorrow.
我们倒想你明天去那儿
注:注意would rather,had rather,would sooner的细微差别,可以查查。
6、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中,表示:“早该做某事了”时,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do(should不可省略)(优先使用动词过去式),即从句用虚拟过去式。
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.
我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work.
你早该上班了。
7、 简单句中的虚拟语气
(1) 说话时,为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌,言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为:would / could / might / should +do。
Would you mind my shutting the door?
你介意我把门关起来吗?
You should always learn this lesson by heart.
你要把这个教训牢记于心。
I should agree with you.
我本该同意你的观点。(委婉的不同意)
(2)表示“祝愿”时,常用may ++ do。
May you have a good journey!
祝你一路顺风。
May your youth last forever!
祝你青春永驻。
(3)表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时,常用do。
eg:God bless us. 上帝保佑。
(4)习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。
① 提出请求或邀请。eg:
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?
今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗?
Could I use your bike now?
我可以用一下你的单车吗?
② 陈述自己的观点或看法。eg:
I should be glad to meet you.
见到你我会很高兴。
I would try my best to help you.
我会尽力帮助你。
③提出劝告或建议。eg:
You'd better ask your father first.
你最好先问一问你的父亲。
You should make a full investigation of it first.
你应该先全面调查一番。
④ 提出问题。eg:
Do you think he could get here on time
你认为他能按时来吗?
Do you expect he would tell us the truth?
你期望他会告诉我们真相吗?
⑤表示对过去情况的责备时,常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:+ have done。
You should have got here earlier. 你早该到这里了。
You should have returned it to him. 你早该把它还给他了。
8、虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详见百度百科之词条。
虚拟语气条件从句
这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文,即省略条件从句后,所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的:
I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以亲自去看她,这样好一些。(=If I saw her personally,it would be better.)
虚拟语气情况一
条件暗含在短语中
We didn’t know
otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。(暗含条件是otherwise)
Without your help,we wouldn’t have achieved so much.
没有你的帮助,我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。
(暗含条件是without your help)
But for your help,I would not have succeeded in the experiment.
如果没有你的帮助,我的实验就不会成功。(暗含条件是but for your help)
It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately.
不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。
(暗含条件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately)
虚拟语气情况二
条件暗含在上下文中
I would not have done it that way.
我是不会那么做的。(可能暗含if I were you)
I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you.
我那天很忙。否则我会来帮你的。(可能暗含if I hadn’t been so busy.)
You might come to join us in the discussion.
你可以参加我们的讨论。(可能暗含if you wanted to)
I would have bought the DVD player.
我是会买下那台影碟机的。(可能暗含if I had the money)
But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.
要不是碰到暴雨,我们还会早些到。(可能暗含if it had not been for the storm)。
虚拟语气误区
1.混合的不会灵活变化;
2.省略if时,句子调整不正确;
3.不会去找意思中的“应该”含义;
4.陷在虚拟中出不来,把当成。
【典型例题】
1) If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.
A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told
解析:错选D。应该选择A。
2)The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
解析:答案B。主句为将来时,从句用。
3)_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
解析:答案C. 在虚拟中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟中,省略的形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
4). My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot of
good to her.
A. takes B. must take C. take D. took
解析:错选A。本题要表达“我的建议是她(应该)多锻炼,这对她会有很大好处。”符合虚拟的条件,所以正确答案为C。空前面省略了should.
朱崇军.魔法英语中学语法大全:郑州大学出版社,2007
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