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内容摘要 本文试从亨利?菲尔丁的现实主义写作入手，运用弗莱的原型批评方法，对《汤 姆?琼斯》这部小说中的人物、情节、叙事理论进行原型分析。 全文共分七部分。第一部分为引言，着重探讨了本文作者为什么要选择这部小说 作为研究对象，又为什么要用原型理论批评方法来分析这部作品。对于小说的现实主 义特色和独特的叙述方法，不少学者已作了较为详尽的研究：而原型理论批评作为独 树一帜的批评方法，吸引了不少学者对不同的文学作品进行了研究。因此，作者试图 用这种方法对这部现实主义小说加以研究。 第一章，作者对现实生活在这部小说中的真实反映作了较为详细的论述，涉及政 治事件、当时社会对婚姻的态度和书中对人类本性的描写与揭露；同时作者对书中主 要人物在现实生活中的原形进行了对应：汤姆?琼斯的原形为菲尔丁本人；索非亚的 原形为菲尔丁最爱的第一任妻子夏洛特：奥尔华绥的原形为曾接济帮助过菲尔丁生活 的乔治?李特顿和艾伦。 第二章，作者简要介绍了原型批评理论的形成和内容，以及原型批评的代表人物
加拿大学者弗莱的基型理论，指出现实主义小随中的神话原型来自“移用”。 从第三章起，作者从三个方面对整部小说作了基型批评。第三章处理的是人物原
型。从古代神话和圣经中，作者发现汤姆?琼斯有着很多人的影子：圣经中的弃婴王
子摩西，圣经中耶稣讲的“浪子的故事”中的浪子，亚当的原型，以及圣经中好心的
撒玛利亚人。奥尔华绥先生的神话原型有代表权利与地位的基督教上帝和希腊神话中
的宙斯。布利菲少爷的对应人物是撒旦的化身“蛇”。索非亚就像名字本身所蕴含的“智
慧”一样，取源于希腊神话
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官方公共微信iDraw is Still the Best Illustrator Alternative
on September 30th 2013
For every , there’s a
— a lightweight option that dispels with a couple of professional features, but still manages to find users because of what’s often described as a superior user interface and compelling ease-of-use. In the case of , those options are
(with Pixelmator being my weapon of choice).
Apps like these aren’t necessarily matching Photoshop feature-for-feature, but they do capture enough of those tools at bargain-bin prices to make them valuable assets to anybody’s digital arsenal. When compared to Adobe Illustrator, iDraw is the Mac-exclusive beautiful-but-bargain-bin competition — especially compared to the often-despised steep subscription fee for Creative Cloud. Read on to find out if
wows me in the same way Pixelmator and Pages do.
The Elephant in the Room
Let’s cover some of the basics here: while Photoshop and Pixelmator are vying for attention in the photo editing arena, Illustrator and iDraw are duking it out in the vector category. Both apps support a ton of features to make illustrating for print or for the Web as easy as possible. But I’m painfully aware that what matters most isn’t what you can do with iDraw — it’s what you can’t also do with iDraw.
This was easy. It took about ten seconds to apply all the gradients.
The easiest way to break this down is like this: Are you a professional designer already earning good money (as in, self-sufficient with some extra cash to spare)? Are you a student at a fine arts school specifically for graphic design? If you already own a copy of Illustrator, would you take Beyoncé’s advice, put a ring on it, and walk it down the aisle?
If any of those three options ring true for you, you need to know iDraw won’t be a complete replacement for you. Think of iDraw as the sort of app you could use for a first draft and Illustrator for the rest of the heavy lifting. I think iDraw’s Mac-focused design is lovely and a clear improvement over Adobe’s program, but I still don’t recommend ditching the original do-it-all app completely.
With that said: for the rest of us — those of us without design degrees or people who design for fun or make less than half their income on design work, iDraw is well worth the money. With that out of the way, let’s take a look at what iDraw can offer you.
Vector, Vector, Everywhere
If you’ve never designed anything before, or this is your first experience with an illustrating program, then iDraw is a great place to start. The app’s opening pane includes an option to check out iDraw’s User Guide on the Web. (You can download the PDF from there if you want a local, searchable copy.)
The User Guide is filled with a ton of great information.
The User Guide is one of the best I’ve seen, and I’ve seen quite a few in this line of work. If you’ve never used a vector drawing app before, it will get you started in no time and you’ll learn a ton of handy things along the way. This is one of the few User Guides worth reading for anybody who downloads the program — not just newbies. Design veterans might walk away inspired, and newbies will learn valuable things about how to go about the task.
The app also comes with another huge perk. It integrates with iCloud so your work can be picked up on an iPad and continued. Although this isn’t the place to review an iPad app, it’s worth noting that the app is very well done and worth the extra money for the convenience (although I do look forward to some interface tweaks for iOS 7). When you add the price of the iPad app to the price of iDraw for Mac, it’s still under $40. That’s incredible.
iDraw’s Capabilities
iDraw supports all sorts of vector tools with ease. Of course, there’s all sorts of tools for pure illustration and tons of different brushes. Shapes, lines, and many gradient tools are built into the app. In fact, for anybody but the most serious of professionals — as I noted prior — this app covers every necessary base that Illustrator had.
Of course, a lot of this was covered in . I’m more interested in noting some of the more recent features.
The app makes it easy to use icons and logos. You can even import Photoshop/Illustrator icons and labels.
First, SVG import and export has been significantly expanded over the past several updates. I think the app is getting closer to the point where even the strictest of professionals will find the vector export can suit their needs. You can also import layered Photoshop files, and iDraw will keep the layers intact.
Smart Guides are also a fantastic new feature, one which I rely on in Pixelmator as well. The idea is that items you’re moving around can snap to a grid, so it’s easy to line up multiple different objects without having to strictly count pixels. It’s not quite as nice as Pixelmator’s implementation of the feature, which is a bit more robust and can snap to multiple points on a grid in relation to any object, but iDraw’s initial implementation of the feature is worth praising.
Thanks to the ability to snap to areas in a grid, duplicating and layering this element is easy.
The app has also been updated for the Retina displays from top to bottom, so if you’re like me and have one of those ridiculous 15″ MacBook Pro beasts, you’re going to feel right at home. Speaking of which…
The Interface
As far as iDraw’s aesthetic appeal, this is an app designed from the ground up for Mac. I’ve heard a lot of people say that the app looks like it could fit right in with Pages and the like, but I’m more inclined to say that iDraw and Pixelmator are in leagues of their own. Their apps are dark in colour, which some people will find distracting or garish. That being said, black coats of paint do for software what black clothing does for people — it makes the software look sleeker. When an app has as much functionality as iDraw, I think the black aesthetic helps it look less cluttered.
I like the different windows for quick and easy access to important tools.
That’s not to say that iDraw looks cluttered. The is smartly and efficiently designed for both smaller displays with its fullscreen mode and larger Cinema displays, where it would fit right in with tons of room to spare. One notable feature is tabbed files. Instead of working with multiple canvas windows, all of them are collected via tabs. It makes iDraw look more like a web browser, and I think it’s great — I prefer to avoid having my display cluttered.
I do wish the app had some additional keyboard features, though. I’d like to be able to map the Appearance/Properties/Shape Library/Styles windows to keyboards, so I could hide them or make them visible with the click of a keyboard combination.
Final Thoughts
iDraw has another huge perk over Illustrator: it’s updated very frequently. Indeeo is constantly innovating and incrementally improving their product, and I have the absolute confidence in it. With Adobe, I’ve always felt that they built great software, but often ignored users or updated their programs only when it was convenient to them. Indeeo, on the other hand, has tremendous respect for their customers, and it shows. (Note that there
this is one area where Indeeo could show their potential customers some more respect.)
With iDraw, what you get is an app that’s perfect for basic-to-complex vector work. It’s tantalizingly close to replacing Illustrator, but those who love Adobe’s products need not apply. Those who are looking for an alternative, especially in the world of Creative Cloud, owe it to themselves to try the software.
is frequently refined and consistently excellent. Highly recommended.
Update: We should have mentioned
as well. It’s a vector design app that’s in a class of its own — good enough to replace Adobe Fireworks and more. If your needs extend beyond what Illustrator traditionally has offered, it’s the app to check out. If you’re wanting to directly replace Illustrator, though, iDraw is a great alternate.
iDraw is the best Illustrator alternative for anybody who needs it.
$24.99 &|&
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请你任选一幅或几幅图和同学编对话吧。
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进一步深化对话，又可以锻炼学生看图说话写作的能力。
"The winner cannot blog, social network, talk to press, write about, take pictures or record during the experience in any way due to security regulations, " reads the auction's legal terms.
"I could have pictures of my boyfriend out, I could talk freely on the phone without having to worry about someone overhearing me and reporting me, " he said.
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