_______my childhood中文歌词...

【MJJ】MJ语录(英文)系列—My Childhood
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【MJJ】MJ语录(英文)系列—My Childhood
Last Friday night I joined Rabbi Shmuley, his family, and their guests for the Sabbath dinner at their home. What I found especially moving was when Shmuley and his wife placed their hands on the heads of their young children, and blessed them to grow to be like Abraham and Sarah, which I understand is an ancient Jewish tradition. This led me to reminisce about my own childhood, and what the Sabbath meant to me growing up.
When people see the television appearances I made when I was a little boy--8 or 9 years old and just starting off my lifelong music career--they see a little boy with a big smile. They assume that this little boy is smiling because he is joyous, that he is singing his heart out because he is happy, and that he is dancing with an energy that never quits because he is carefree.
More than anything, I wished to be a normal little boy. I wanted to build tree houses and go to roller-skating parties. But very early on, this became impossible. I had to accept that my childhood would be different than most others. But that’s what always made me wonder what an ordinary childhood would be like.There was one day a week, however, that I was able to escape the stages of Hollywood and the crowds of the concert hall. That day was the Sabbath. In all religions, the Sabbath is a day that allows and requires the faithful to step away from the everyday and focus on the exceptional. I learned something about the Jewish Sabbath in particular early on from Rose, and my friend Shmuley further clarified for me how, on the Jewish Sabbath, the everyday life tasks of cooking dinner, grocery shopping, and mowing the lawn are forbidden so that humanity may make the ordinary extraordinary and the natural miraculous. Even things like shopping or turning on lights are forbidden. On this day, the Sabbath, everyone in the world gets to stop being ordinary.
But what I wanted more than anything was to be ordinary. So, in my world, the Sabbath was the day I was able to step away from my unique life and glimpse the everyday. Sundays were my day for "Pioneering," the term used for the missionary work that Jehovah’s Witnesses do. We would spend the day in the suburbs of Southern California, going door to door or making the rounds of a shopping mall, distributing our Watchtower magazine. I continued my pioneering work for years and years after my career had been launched.Up to 1991, the time of my Dangerous tour, I would don my disguise of fat suit, wig, beard, and glasses and head off to live in the land of everyday America, visiting shopping plazas and tract homes in the suburbs. I loved to set foot in all those houses and catch sight of the shag rugs and La-Z-Boy armchairs with kids playing Monopoly and grandmas baby-sitting and all those wonderfully ordinary and, to me, magical scenes of life. Many, I know, would argue that these things seem like no big deal. But to me they were positively fascinating.The funny thing is, no adults ever suspected who this strange bearded man was. But the children, with their extra intuition, knew right away. Like the Pied Piper of Hamlin, I would find myself trailed by eight or nine children by my second round of the shopping mall. They would follow and whisper and giggle, but they wouldn't reveal my secret to their parents. They were my little aides. Hey, maybe you bought a magazine from me. Now you’re wondering, right?Sundays were sacred for two other reasons as I was growing up. They were both the day that I attended church and the day that I spent rehearsing my hardest. This may seem against the idea of "rest on the Sabbath," but it was the most sacred way I could spend my time: developing the talents that God gave me. The best way I can imagine to show my thanks is to make the very most of the gift that God gave me.Church was a treat in its own right. It was again a chance for me to be "normal." The church elders treated me the same as they treated everyone else. And they never became annoyed on the days that the back of the church filled with reporters who had discovered my whereabouts. They tried to welcome them in. After all, even reporters are the children of God.When I was young, my whole family attended church together in Indiana. As we grew older, this became difficult, and my remarkable and truly saintly mother would sometimes end up there on her own. When circumstances made it increasingly complex for me to attend, I was comforted by the belief that God exists in my heart, and in music and in beauty, not only in a building. But I still miss the sense of community that I felt there--I miss the friends and the people who treated me like I was simply one of them. Simply human. Sharing a day with God. When I became a father, my whole sense of God and the Sabbath was redefined. When I look into the eyes of my son, Prince, and daughter, Paris, I see miracles and I see beauty. Every single day becomes the Sabbath. Having children allows me to enter this magical and holy world every moment of every day. I see God through my children. I speak to God through my children. I am humbled for the blessings He has given me. There have been times in my life when I, like everyone, has had to wonder about God’s existence. When Prince smiles, when Paris giggles, I have no doubts. Children are God's gift to us. No--they are more than that--they are the very form of God's energy and creativity and love. He is to be found in their innocence, experienced in their playfulness.
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>>>—________ do you like this book, my dear?—I like it because..
—&________ do you like this book, my dear?&&&&&&&&&&&&&&—I like it because it can remind me _________ my childhood.&&&&&&&&&&&
A. H with&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. W of&&&&&&&&&&&&C. W of&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. W of
题型:单选题难度:中档来源:期末题
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“—________ do you like this book, my dear?—I like it because..”主要考查你对&&特殊疑问句,介词&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
特殊疑问句介词
特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what、who、whose、which、when、where、how、why等。 特殊疑问句的基本结构是“疑问词+一般疑问句”。其回答应当是具体的。特殊疑问句句末一般用降调。&例如:How do I get there?&&&&&&&&&&&&&Why not?&&&&&&&&&&&&&What about the sports news? 常用疑问词可先分为3种:疑问代词:what(什么)who(谁,作主语)which(哪个,在一定范围内选择)whose(谁的,指附属关系)whom(谁,作宾语)疑问副词:when(何时,询问时间)where(何地,询问地点)why(为什么,询问原因)how(如何,询问手段,方式,工具以及程度)疑问形容词:what(which,whose)+名词例词:what time(什么时候) what colour(什么颜色)... ...how much(多少) how long(多长)... 特殊疑问句的特点:一、 特殊的疑问词: 特殊疑问句要由疑问代词或疑问副词开头,询问的内容不同, 使用的疑问词也不同。我们学过的疑问词有what(询问事物), how much(询问价格), what time (询问时间,尤其是点钟), what kind of(询问种类), why(询问原因),who(询问人), where(询问地点) 等等。如: —What is this? 这是什么? —It's a key. 这是一把钥匙。 —How much is it? 这个多少钱? —It's twenty dollars. 二十美元。 —What kind of movies do you like? 你喜欢哪一类型的电影? —I like action movies. 我喜欢动作片。 二、特殊的语序:特殊疑问句由疑问词开头,其构成是“疑问词 + 一般疑问句”。如: What time is it? 现在几点钟? Who is your teacher? 谁是你的老师?特殊疑问句有两种语序:1.如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:Who is singing in the room﹖whose bike is broken﹖2.如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语)What does she like?What class are you in﹖Where are you from﹖What time does he get up every morning﹖How do you know﹖&三、特殊的答语:特殊疑问句不能用yes, no来回答,而应根据它所询问的内容直接做出回答才行。如: — What time is it, please? 请问几点了? — It's 7:30. 七点半了。 — Where are they? 他们在哪儿? —They're in the playground. 他们在操场上。 —What's your favorite subject? 你最喜爱的科目是什么? —English. 英语。 四、 特殊的语调: 一般情况下,特殊疑问句要用降调(↘)来读。如: Who's ↘that? How old is↘Jack?介词:是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词的分类:(1)表示时间,处所:从 自 自从 于 打 到 往 在 当 朝 向 顺着 沿着 随着(2)表示方式:按 照 按照 依 依照 本着 经过 通过 根据 以 凭(3)表示目的:为 为了 为着(4)表示原因:因 由于 因为(5)表示对象,范围:对 对于 把 向 跟 与 同 给 关于(6)表示排除:除 除了 除去 除非(7)表示被动:被 叫 让 给(8)表示比较:比 和 同上述介词中的“着,了,过”是语素,不是动态助词。介词at, in, on的区别:&1. 表示时间,注意以下用法:(1) 表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at。如:I get up at six in the morning. 我早上六点钟起床。He got married at the age of 25. 他 25 岁结婚。(2) 泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间,一般用 in。如:We watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上看电视。He went to Japan in 1946. 他于 1946 去了日本。(3) 若表示星期几或某一特定的日期,则用 on。如:He left here on the fifth of May. 他于 5 月 5 日离开这儿。2. 表示地点、场所、位置等,注意以下用法:(1) 表示某一点位置,用 at。如:We live at No 87 Beijing Road. 我们住在北京路 87 号。The hospital is at the end of the street. 医院在这条街的尽头。与名词所有格连用表示地点,也用 at。如:at my sister’s 在我姐姐家& at the doctor’s 在医务室(2) 表示空间或范围,用 in。如:What’s in the box? 这盒子里有什么?He lives in Paris with his wife. 他同他妻子住在巴黎。但有时两者可换用。如:The meeting was held at [in] the hotel. 会议在宾馆举行。(3) at 与 in 的另一个区别是:at 用于指较小的地方,而 in 用于指较大的地方。如:in Shanghai 在上海&&& at the station 在车站但是,大与小是相对的,有时随着说话者的着眼点不同,大地方也可能用 at(比如把一个大地方看作一个点时)。如:Our plane refuelled at London. 我们的飞机在伦敦加油。We stopped for an hour at Moscow on our way to Paris. 我们在去巴黎的途中在莫斯科停了 1 个小时。(4) 介词 on 用于地点,主要指在某物的表面。如:What’s on the table? 桌上有什么?There’s a wallet lying on the ground. 地上有个钱包。注:在少数搭配中,也用介词 on。如:He works on a farm. 他在农场工作。3. 在某些搭配中,三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关:in the street (英) / on the street (美) 在街上in the road (英) / on the road (美) 在路上in the team (英) / on the team (美) 在这个队at the weekend (英) / on the weekend (美) 在周末at weekends (英) / on weekends (美) 在周末4. 有时三者的差别与搭配习惯和用法有关:in bed / on the bed 在床上in the tree (多指树外之物) / on the tree (多指树本身之物) 在树上
介词besides,but,except的用法区别:&1. 三者都可表示“除外”,但 besides 表示一种累加关系,意指“除了什么之外,还有……”;而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有……”。如:Besides his wife,his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外,他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外,没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。注:在否定句中,besides 也表示“除……之外不再有…… ”,与but, except 同义。如:No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外,没一个人通过考试。2. 关于 but 与 except:(1) 两者都可表示“除……外不再有……”,但含义上略有差别:but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较:All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。(2) 在现代英语中,but 的介词用法十分有限,一般说来,它只能用在下列词语之后:① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等④ all, none 等⑤ who, what, where 等Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。I haven’t told anybody but you. 除你之外,我没告诉任何人。No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。一般说来,若没有出现上述词汇,就不宜使用介词 but,否则可能造成错句。但是 except 却没有以上限制。比较:正:The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。误:The window is never opened but in summer.(3) but 一定不能用于句首,except 通常不用于句首:除我之外每个人都累了。正:Everyone is tired but (except) me.正:Everyone but (except) me is tired.误:But (Except) me, everyone is tired.注:except for 可用于句首,表示 except 的意思:正:Except for me, everyone is tired.3. 关于 except 与 except for:except 主要用来谈论同类的东西,而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西,有时含有惋惜之意。如:All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外,其他的作文都写得很好。His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误。注:若用于句首,则 except for 与 except 同义(但 except 通常不用于句首)。4. 关于 except for 与 but for:except for 主要表示排除,but for 主要表示一种虚拟条件(与虚拟语气连用)。如:Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外,大家都通过了考试。But for my help, she would not have passed the exam. 若不是我的帮助,她就不会通过考试。But for the atmosphere plants would die. 如果没有大气,植物就会死亡。5. besides 除用作介词外,还用作副词,其意为“此外”、“而且”,可用于分句句首(通常用逗号隔开)或句尾。如:I don’ besides, I’m too tired. 我不想去,而且我也太累了。This car belongs to Smith, and he has two others besides. 这部车是史密斯的,此外他还有两部。介词的用法口诀:
早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。
将来时态in。。。以后,小处at大处in。
有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in。
特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in。
介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,
收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、着论。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。
特定时日和“一……就”,on后常接动名词。
年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in。
at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。
工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因。
就……来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类knowtoman。
this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。
接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。
over、under正上下,above、below则不然,
若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。‘
beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。
besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。
同类比较except,加for异类记心间。
原状becauseof,、owingto、dueto表语形容词
under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分。
before、after表一点,ago、later表一段。
before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。
since以来during间,since时态多变换。
与之相比beside,除了lastbutone。
复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。
快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。
butfor否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。
ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。
之后、关于、在。。。。。。方面,有关介词须记全。
in内to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前。
发现相似题
与“—________ do you like this book, my dear?—I like it because..”考查相似的试题有:
12838314752811773425186067781256435当前位置:
>>>Seeing the happy ______ of boys playing on the playground, I..
Seeing the happy ______ of boys playing on the playground, I can’t help thinking of my childhood.A.signB.actC.sceneD.view
题型:单选题难度:中档来源:不详
&C&试题分析:名词名词辨析。Sign征兆,迹象;act行动;scene场景,布景;view风景,观点;看见球场上孩子们快乐地玩球的场景,我忍不住地想起了我的童年。故C正确。点评:名词的词义辨析要根据上下文语境,要特别注意词义相近的名词的辨析,同时注意一词多义的现象。
马上分享给同学
据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“Seeing the happy ______ of boys playing on the playground, I..”主要考查你对&&名词,可数名词及其单复数,集合名词&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
名词可数名词及其单复数集合名词
名词的概念:
名词(Nouns)是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指代人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词可以分为专有名词(ProperNouns)和普通名词(CommonNouns),普通名词又可分为不可数名词和可数名词两大类。 名词的数:
1、名词复数的构成方法:(1)在一般情况下,加词尾-s: book/books书 pen/pens钢笔 face/faces脸 (2)以s, x, z, sh, ch等结尾的名词,通常加词尾-es:bus/buses 公共汽车 box/boxes 盒子 dish/dishes 盘子注:有些以ch结尾的名词,由于其发音不是[k]而是[tf],那么其复数形式应加词尾–s,如stomach/stomachs胃。 (3)以y结尾的名词,其复数构成要分两种情况:以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将y改为ies;以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加词尾s:city/cities 城市 boy/boys 男孩 key/keys 钥匙注:以y结尾的专有名词,若在某些特殊情况下需要复数,通常加s构成: Mary/Marys玛丽 Germany/Germanys德国 (4)以o结尾的名词,有些加词尾-s,有些加-es,有些加-s或-es均可: piano/pianos钢琴 tomato/tomatoes西红柿 zero/zero(e)s零 注:有人对英语中所有以o结尾的名词作了统计,一共近200个,其中绝大部分的复数形式通过加词尾-s构成,少数加词尾es。在中学英语范围内,加词尾es的主要有以下4个:tomato西红柿,potato土豆,hero英雄,Negro黑人 (5)以f或fe结尾的名词,也有两种可能:即有些直接加词尾-s,有些则把f/fe改为ves: chief/chiefs首领 roof/roofs屋顶 knife/knives小刀&注:在中学英语范围内,要改f/fe为ves的只有以下10个词(它们都是日常生活中的常用词):wife 妻子,life 生命,knife 小刀,leaf 树叶,thief 贼,half 一半,self 自己,shelf 架子,loaf 面包,wolf 狼。&& 另外,中学英语中的handkerchief(手帕)一词的复数有两种形式:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves,但在现代英语中,以用handkerchiefs为多见。
2、单数与复数同形式的名词:中学英语中主要的有:sheep绵羊,fish鱼,deer鹿,Chinese中国人,Japanese日本人,Portuguese葡萄牙人,Swiss瑞士人,aircraft飞行器,means方法,series系列,head(牛等的)头数,works工厂,等。注:fish有时也用fishes这样的复数形式,尤其表示种类时;head若不是牲口的“头数”,而是表示“人的头”或“人数”,则要用heads这样的复数形式。
3、不规则的复数名词:有的名词单数变复数时,没有一定的规则:man/men男人 woman/women女人 child/children小孩 tooth/teeth牙齿 foot/feet脚 goose/geese鹅 mouse/mice老鼠 ox/oxen公牛注:(1)一些以man,woman结尾的合成词,在构成复数与man,woman的变化形式相同,如:policeman/policemen警察,gentleman/gentlemen绅士,Englishman/Englishmen英国人,等等。但是human(人),German(德国人)不是合成词,其复数不能仿man的变化规律,而是按规则变化,即用humans,Germans。&(2)foot表示“英尺”时,其复数可以有两种形式feet/foot,如:He is about six feet/foottall. 他大约6英尺高。 名词可数性的三个易错点:&(1)根据汉语习惯将英语的物质名词误认为是可数名词。如:汉语中的“面包”,一般认为是可数的,可以说“一个面包”、“两个面包”等,但英语中的bread却通常是不可数的,不能相应地用a bread,two breads表示以上意思。不过有趣的是,loaf 表示“面包”却又是可数的,可说a loaf, two loaves。 (2)想当然地判断名词的可数性。如:有的学生认为news (消息)和paper (纸)都不可数,于是便想当然地认为 newspaper (报纸)就一定不可数,但事实上,newspaper却是可数名词;又如:有的同学认为 tear (眼泪)即“泪水”,并将其与water(水)相联系,认为tear 是不可数的,但事实上,tear却是可数的。&(3)受名词一词多义的影响。有的名词不止一个意思,且用于不同意思时,其可数性也有不同,不要形成思维思势。如:aim表示“目的”时是可数名词,表示“瞄准”时是不可数名词;又如 experience表示“经验”时不可数,表示“经历”时则可数;再如:fortune,当它表示“运气”时,不可数(=luck),当它表示“命运”时,可数,当它表示“财产”时,不可数,但可与a连用。
可数与不可数名词的常用修饰语: (1)修饰可数名词的常用修饰语有:these, those, few, a few, many, a good[great] many, agreat[good]number of 等。注:a good[great]many后直接跟名词,没有介词of。&(2)修饰可数名词的常用修饰语有:this, that, a few, a little, a bit of, much, no, a great deal of 等。&(3)有些修饰语既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词:all, some, enough, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large amount of, a large quantity of等。&(4)有些名词形式上是复数,但却被用作不可数名词,使用much, little等修饰语:He hasn't got much brains.他没什么头脑。 He took much pains to do the work. 他费了不少心做这工作。&I said I wouldn't want much wages. 我说过我不要很多工资。It's high time you were taught a little manners.该是你学一点礼貌的时候了。
单位词与不可数名词数量表示法:单位词是表示事物个体性的词语,不可数名词通常没有复数形式,也不可以用个数计算,要表示不可数名词的个体性需借助单位词: a piece of paper一张纸 a piece of advice一条建议a piece of news一条消息 an article of furniture一件家具 a cake of soap一块香皂 a slice of meat一块a cup of tea一杯茶 a bottle of ink一瓶墨水& 注:不要按汉语习惯在不该用单位词的地方错用单位词,如“一张邮票”只能说a stamp,而不能说a piece of stamp。名词的可数性:
1、名词根据其可数性,可分为可数名词与不可数名词。一般说来,个体名词和大部分集合名词是可数的;而专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词以及少部分集合名词则通常是不可数的。但是这种区分只是大致的,原则性的,并不是绝对的。英语有些名词往往既是可数也可以是不可数的。 A:Would you like a cake? 要吃块蛋糕吗? B:No, I don't like cake.不吃,我不喜欢吃蛋糕。以上第一句用a cake,这是把cake视为一块一块的“蛋糕”,所以它是可数的;而第二句只用cake,这是把它当作物质名词看待,所以它成了不可数名词。
2、不同类别名词的可数性。 (1)专有名词的可数性。在通常情况下,专有名词具有“独一无二”的含义,因此它通常没有复数形式,即不可数。但是,专有名词的独一无二性通常是相对的,随着范围的扩大,这种独一无二性便会受到破坏。如在一个星期(week)内,只有一个星期六(Saturday),一个星期日(Sunday)等,但是在一个月中甚至一年中,便有多个星期六,多个星期日了。所以我们有时可以说:We have spent many happy Sundays there. 我们在那儿度过了许多个愉快的星期日。又如,在一个小范围内,可能只有一个Henry,但在一个较大的范围内则可能有多个Henry,因此我们有时会见到这样的句子:There are five Henrys in our school. 我们学校有五个亨利。另外,若专有名词转化成了普通名词,也可以是可数的:Thousands of LeiFengs have emerged in China.中国涌现出了千千万万个雷锋。 (2)个体名词的可数性。个体名词表示的是一个一个的人或物的个体,所以它通常是可数的。 (3)物质名词的可数性。由于物质名词在通常情况下不能分为个体,所以它通常是不可数的。但是,在某些特殊情况下(如表示种类等),有些物质名词也可以连用不定冠词或用复数形式: wine酒(不可数),a wine一种酒(可数), beer啤酒(不可数),two beers两杯啤酒(可数)&,glass玻璃(不可数),some glasses一些玻璃杯(可数) (4)抽象名词的可数性。抽象名词是表示事物性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念的,因此它通常是不可数的。但是,有时抽象名词也可转化为具体名词(可数),表示具有某种性质的人或事物:success成功(不可数),asuccess成功的人或事(可数) ,pleasure愉快(不可数),apleasure令人愉快的人或事(可数) (5)集合名词的可数性。集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体,它本身通常是可数的,其复数形式表示多个集合体:a family一个家庭,three families三个家庭 a team一个队,two teams两个队 a crowd一群人,crowds多群人名词知识体系:
&特殊名词的复数形式:
1、复合名词的复数形式。通常是将其主要名词变为复数:passer-by/passers-by 过路人 shoe-maker/shoe-makers 鞋匠&& looker-on/lookers-on 旁观者 on-looker/on-lookers 旁观者 father-in-law/fathers-in-law 岳父 若没有主要名词,则通常在最后一个词加s:go-between/go-betweens中间人,媒人 know-all/know-alls 万事通注:由man/woman用于另一名词前构成的合成名词,两者均变为复数:man doctor/men doctors男医生&& woman writer/women writers 女作家 2、字母、文字、数字、符号等的复数形式。原则上加词尾-'s: There are two i's in the word"skiing". skiing.这个词里有两个字母i。 如:Mind your p's and q's. 要谨言慎行。&&&&&&&& All the–'s should be changed to+'s. 所有的正号应改为负号。注:若不至于发生混淆,也可只加词尾s。如:He was born in the 1930(')s. 他出生在20世纪30年代。 &&&&&&& Your 3(')s look like 8(')s. 你写的3看起来像似8。 3、度量衡单位的缩写词的复数形式。一般不加词尾-s: m(meter, meters)米 km(kilometer, kilometers)千米 kg(kilogramme, kilogrammes)千克 cm(centimeter, centimeters)厘米;有的缩写词也加s:hr(hours)/hrs(hours)小时 No(number)/Nos(Numbers)号码;有个别缩写词采用重复最后一个字母的方式构成复数形式:p.10(page10)第10页 pp.10(pages10through15)第10至15页 可数名词:
是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;因此它有复数形式,当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也应用复数形式。&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 可数名词复数的规则变化:&
1.清辅音后读/s/; 2.浊辅音和元音后读/z/;&
map-maps bag-bags car-cars
以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词
bus-buses watch-watches
以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾 的词 
license-licenses
以辅音字母+y结尾的词  
变y 为i再加es
baby-babies另外: 1)以y 结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:  如:two Marys the Henrys&&&&& monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays   比较:层楼:storey---storeys  story---stories 2)以o 结尾的名词,变复数时: a. 加s,如: photo---photos  piano---pianos&b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes c. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes  3)以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时: a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs&& safe---safes  gulf---gulfs; b. 去f, fe 加ves,如:half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves& wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves; c. 均可,如:handkerchief:& handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 可数名词复数的不规则变化: 1)child---children foot---feet  tooth---teeth&& mouse---mice  man---men woman---women & 注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。& 如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。 2)单复同形 如: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin  但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: && a dollar,  a meter, two meters 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。 如:staff& people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说a staff& a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,&the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。& 如:The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4)以s 结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。  "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.  &&一千零一夜&&是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes&; 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); two pairs of trousers 6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼 复合名词的复数形式: && 名词作定语名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。 1)用复数作定语。 如:sports meeting 运动会& students reading-room 学生阅览室 & talks table 谈判桌 &&& the foreign languages department 外语系 2)man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如:men workers  women teachers gentlemen officials 3)有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。 如:goods train (货车)& arms produce 武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷 4)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如:two-dozen eggs 两打/(二十四个鸡蛋)& a ten-mile walk 十里路  two-hundred trees 两百棵树&&&&&&&&&&& a five-year plan 一个五年计划  &可数名词单复数知识体系:
&不同国籍人的单复数:
集合名词定义:
(英语:Collective noun)是语言学上的一个专有名词,意指一种可用来指称一群对象的词,而这些对象,可以是人、动物、或是一群概念等事物。 例如:family (家庭),& cattle (牛, 牲畜),& goods (货物),&baggage/luggage (行李), hair (头发, 毛发), fruit (水果) 集合名词用法特点:
(1) family (家庭),team (队),class (班),audience (听众)等,其用法特点为:若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。比较:This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。 &&&&&&&&&&& This class are studying English now. 这个班的学生在学习英语。 (2) cattle (牛,牲畜),people (人),police (警察)等,其用法特点为:只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语用复数;不与a(n)连用,但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。如:People will laugh at you. 人们会笑你的。 &&&&&&& The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。 &&&&&&& For these many cattle were killed. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。注:表示牲畜的头数,用单位词head (单复数同形)。如:three head of cattle 3头牛,&&&&&&& twenty (head of) cattle 20头牛。 (3) goods(货物), clothes(衣服)等,其用法特点是:只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语也用复数),但通常不与数词连用。如:Such clothes are very expensive. 那样的衣服很贵。 &&&&&&& To whom do these goods belong? 这些书是谁的? (4) baggage/luggage (行李), clothing (衣服), furniture (家具), machinery (机器), poetry (诗), scenery (风景), jewelry (珠宝),equipment (设备)等,其用法特点为:是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词),没有复数形式。如:Our clothing protects us from[against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。 &&&&&&& Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗? 特别提醒:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery& 相应的个体可数名词是machine, poem, jewel, scene。如:a poem/a piece of poetry 一首诗,many machines/ much machinery/ many pieces of machinery 许多机器。几个特殊的集合名词:
① hair (头发,毛发):指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数);指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)。如:My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了。 &&&&&&& The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发。 ② mankind (人类):是一个不可数的集合名词,不用复数形式,也不连用冠词。如:This is an invention that benefits mankind. 这是一项造福人类的发明。 &&&&&&& Mankind has its own problems. 人类有自己的问题。特别提醒:mankind表示“人(类)”时,虽不可数,但有时却可以表示复数意义,尤其是当其表语是复数时。如:Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物。 ③ fruit(水果):作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的。如:He doesn't not eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。 &&&&&&& He is growing fruit in the country. 他在农村种水果。但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即afruit指一种水果,fruits指多种水果。体会: Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。 &&&&&&&&&&&&& The potato is a vegetable, not a&fruit. 土豆是一种蔬菜,而不是一种水果。
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