请问宾语从句和定语从句如何区别？_英语吧_百度贴吧
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请问宾语从句和定语从句如何区别？收藏
因为准备中考了，谁还能告诉我一些应记住的题或知识？谢谢了
……果断单选题……
定语从句一般有先行词，从句是用来说明描述先行词的！先行词用关系代词代替 在从句中做成分(注意是从句中做成分，如做宾语主语)，说白了，定语从句的从句就相当于形容词，修饰先行词！而宾语从句，则是整个从句在主句中做宾语，说白了，宾语从句的从句就是主句的宾语，看出这点便能分辨了！应该很很简单！说得有点罗嗦！仔细体会！对了，关于我的语言学习心得，我发过《我的英语学习观，不知学习语言有何用的朋友可以看一看》一贴，可以去看看！
简单地说，动词，介词后面的从句基本上是宾语从句；定语从句有先行词，先行词一般是名词，代词等
定语从句做先行词的定语，而宾语从句做主句的宾语，只要划分好句子结构就差不多了，初中阶段暂时这么多就够了，宾语从句隶属于名词性从句的一种，以后高中会学的
和文言文一个道理
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定语从句关系代词who\whom\whose如何区别？
老师好！想请教一下您，关系who\whom\whose 的关系代词如何区分使用？重复听了几次，还是有一些弄不明白，理解上不够清晰，烦请老师指教。谢谢您！
提问时间： 19:03:49提问者：
同学你好，关系代词who, whom的用法who和whom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中who在定语从句中用作主语，whom在定语从句中用作宾语。如：I met a girl who knew your sister. 我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。In Berlin, he first met the woman whom he would one day marry. 在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟她结了婚。She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn&t met before. 她把我介绍给她丈夫，我以前没见过他。但是，用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用who, that代之。如：The person to whom I complained is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。The person (who, whom, that) I complained to is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。■ 关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在定语从句中主要用作定语。如：She is the woman whose car was stolen. 她就是汽车被盗的那个女人。This is the house whose windows were broken. 这就是窗户被打破了的房子。Mrs. Gray, whose children are in college, is trying to get a job. 格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。His house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight. 他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。& 欢迎登陆新东方在线欢迎到新东方在线论坛感谢您对新东方在线的支持和信任如您的问题未能得到妥善解决或有其他问题请访问：或联系售后客服：400 676 2300
回答时间： 10:51:34
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京公安备110-1081940如何判断定语从句中关系代词前的介词
如何判断定语从句中关系代词前的介词
&定语从句是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法之一，也是高考的命题热点所在，其中定语从句中关系代词前介词的判断更是高考英语命题中的一个高频考点。下面我们先来看看近两年高考英语中考查“介词+关系代词”结构的部分考题。
　　1. Eric received training in computer for one
year，B___he found a job in a big
company.（2007辽宁）
　　A. after that B. after whichC. after it D. after this
　　2. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in
the degreeB___they can be controlled on purpose.
（2007重庆）
　　A. with whichB. to which C. of which D. for which
　　3. It is reported that two schools，D___are being
built in my hometown， will open next year. （2007四川）
　　A. they bothB. which both
　　C. both of themD. both of which
　　4. Last week， only two people came to look at the
house，D___wanted to buy it. （2007安徽）
　　A. none of themB. both of whom
　　C. none of whomD. neither of whom
　　5. He was educated at the local high school，A___he
went on to Beijing University. （2007江苏）
　　A. after whichB. after that C. in which D. in that
　　6. She was educated at Beijing University，A___she
went on to have her advanced study abroad.（2006全国II）
　　A. after which B. from whichC. from that D. after that
　　7. We saw several natives advancingtowards our party，and
one of them came up to usB___we gave some bells and glasses.
（2006湖南）
　　A. to which B. to whomC. with whom D. with which
　　8. I was given three books on cooking， the
firstB___I really enjoyed.（2006浙江）
　　A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
　　9. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I
could recognize who she was，she had run back in the
directionD___she had come. （2006重庆）
　　A. of which?B. by whichC. in which?D. from which
　　对于“介词+which／whom”结构的考查，高考英语主要涉及以下几个方面。
　　1. 考查定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯
　　（1） 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
　　Water is the natural medium in which fish live.
水是鱼类赖以生存的自然环境。（注意搭配live
　　The documents for which they were searching have been
recovered. 他们找寻的文件已经找到了。（注意搭配
search for）
　　This is a subject about which we might argue for a long
这是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题。（注意搭配
argue about）
　　I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and
我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。（注意搭配
discuss sth with sb）
　　注：有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分，此时它们的位置应注意。如：
　　The boy （whom） my sister is looking after is getting
　　不能说成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is
getting better.
　　（2） 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
　　He referred me to some reference books with which I am not
very familiar.
他要我去参考一些我不熟悉的参考书。（注意搭配
be familiar with）
　　2. 考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯
　　这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。如：
　　This is our classroom， in the front of which there is a
teacher’s desk.
这是我们的教室，前面有老师的讲台。（注意搭配
in the front of our classroom）
　　I’ll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me.
我永远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天。（注意搭配
on the day）
　　3. 考查表示所属关系的 of which ［whom］
　　On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence， the meaning
of which I don’t understand.
老师在黑板上写了一个句子，句子的意思我不明白。（注意搭配
the meaning of the sentence）
　　4. 考查表示整体与部分关系的 of which
　　I have five English dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary
is the best.
我有5本英语词典，其中最好的是朗文词典。（注意搭配
of the five dictionaries）&
&The buses， most of which were already full，
were surrounded by an angry crowd.
多数公共汽车已经上满了人，周围是一伙愤怒的群众。（注意搭配
most of the buses）
I met the fruit-pickers， several of whom were university
我碰到那些摘水果的人，其中有好几个是大学生。（注意搭配
several of them）
　　5. 考查表示同位关系的 of which ［whom］
Her sons， both of whom work abroad， rang her up this morning.
她的两个儿子都在国外工作，今天早上给她打了电话。（注意搭配
both of her sons）
　　【边学边练】用适当的介词和关系代词填空。
　　1. Do you like the book _____ she spent $10?
　　2. Do you like the book _____ she paid $10?
　　3. Do you like the book _____ she learned a lot?
　　4. Do you like the book _____ she often talks?
　　5. He built a telescope _____ he could study the skies.
　　6. There is a tall tree outside，_____ stands our
　　7. China has a lot of rivers， the second longest _____ is
the Yellow River.
　　8. The tower _____ people can have a good view is on the
　　9. The man _____ I spoke on the phone last night is very good
at wrestling.
　　10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows， most _____
hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
　　11. The workers， some _____ stayed for four years， came
from different countries.
　　12. The committee consists of 20 members， 5 _____ are
　　13. The book contains 50 poems， most _____ were written in
the 1930s.
　　14. There are two left， one _____ is almost finished， and
the other _____ is not.
　　【参考答案】
　　1. on which2. for which 3. from [in] which
　　4. about which 5. through which 6. under which7. of
　　8. from which9. to whom 10. of which 11. of whom
　　12. of whom 13. of which 14. of which， of which
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2017考研语法指导：如何区分定语从句与同位语从句
日 15:24:47
　　万学海文
　　不少同学们在考研语法学习中经常混淆同位语从句和定语从句，对两种从句的混淆，有时会直接影响到阅读文章的准确理解及翻译句子正确翻译方法的采用，以下对两种从句的区分方法进行专项总结，以便同学们轻松掌握。两种从句的区别主要在以下三方面：
　　1.从词类上区别
　　同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal,word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句，如：
　　The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性。(同位语从句)
　　Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。(定语从句)
　　2.从性质上区别
　　定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴，如：
　　The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息。)
　　The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语。)
　　3.从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
　　有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句，如：
　　That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句)
　　引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般做主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略，that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替，如：
　　The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略。)
　　The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略。)
　　【真题例句】
　　The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars.
　　【解析】
　　句子可拆分为：The issue of //whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, //has been highlighted //by mounting evidence //that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and //by the continuing controversy over suggestions //that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars.
　　主句为：The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by& and by&。主句主语的结构为: The issue of whether&and whether&。of短语修饰the issue, of短语较长一般译在后面；that the Red Planet&是evidence的同位语从句，(即是evidence的具体内容)。that bacterial fossils&是suggestions的同位语从句，说明suggestions的具体内容。)第一个同位语从句可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。第二个同位语可以放在所修饰的名词前面，充当定语。
　　【参考译文】
　　越来越多的证据表明，这个红色行星上曾经有稳定而丰富的液态水，而且人们对从火星落到地球上的细菌化石陨石的说法一直有争论，使火星上是否存在过生命和是否至今仍有生命的问题成为了引人注目的重点。
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新概念之 独立主格——如何分辨“独立主格”和“非限制性定语从句”？
动词后加ed到底是过去式？还是过去分词？
——北京新东方高中新概念 巩丽伟
我们来看一道题：
【试题一】Not far from the club there was a garden, ____ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon.
A. whose&& B. its&&& C. which&&& D. that
一些同学拿到这道题，凭借语感和对非限制定语从句的理解，马上得出答案为A，这个答案正确么？
那么拿到这么一道题，我们可以从哪里入手解决呢？
首先我们看到本题主要分为二个部分：逗号前面的句子含有主谓宾，是一个完整的句子：离俱乐部不远的地方有一个花园。逗号后面的句子是出现横线空白的地方，并且从句子结构来看，playing是一个现在分词补充说明花园的主人正在和孩子们玩桥牌，现在分词属于非谓语动词，在新概念二册第49课中详细讲解。那横线空白后句子是否完整完全取决于另外一个可能是动词的词seated，这个词在本题中的理解非常关键。
seat这个词最早我们在新概念二册第一课就讲到过它的名词形式，释义为：座位。e.g. Last week, I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. 另外seat还有一个动词的形式，这里要注意seat做动词一定是及物动词，可以是be seated或者seated oneself，作为句子中的动词时不能是seated in someplace。我们看一道2007年山东的高考题：
【试题二】Please remain ________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. to seat&&&& B. to be seated&&&&& C. seating&&&&&& D. seated
答案是D，remain在这里是系动词，直接跟seated表示坐在原位。
所以【试题一】中的seat显然不是一个实意动词，而是一个过去分词，也就是说逗号后面的句子并非是一个完整的句子，故本题考查的其实并不是非限制定语从句，而是独立主格。这里考查了独立主格的其中一种形式：n+v-ed（名词+动词过去分词），its owner是名词，seated是动词的过去分词，共同构成独立主格结构,补充说明主句的内容，答案为B
独立主格的结构出现在新概念三册第六课第二段：The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade. 这里面有独立主格的两种形式：n/pron + adv/v-ing（名词/代词 + 副词/动词现在分词）。和【试题一】中相同的结构出现在新概念三册第五十课中，当描述一个人是如何坚持自己的新年决心时，文中描述到：Resisting the hypnotizing effect of television, I sat in my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued to a book. （有几天晚上，我极力摆脱了电视的诱惑，坐在自己的房间里，两眼盯在书上。）这里的glue是关键词，用法类似于seat。glue的名词意思为胶水，动词含义为粘贴，注意glue的动词也是及物动词，可以是glue sth，glue sth to/onto/into sth但是作为句子中动词时不可以是直接glue to，所以新概念三册第五十一课中这个句子和【试题一】是一样的，也是一个独立主格的结构，如果句子把with省略掉，把my的位置画横线挖空，大家应该要判断的出来。
有些同学会问，那什么样的句子应该选择答案A呢，如果我们把试题一中的题干稍稍变化一下的话：
【试题三】Not far from the club there was a garden, ____ owner sat in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon.
A. whose&& B. its&&& C. which&&& D. that
这时答案就可以是A，因为sat这个词表示坐下，可以是不及物动词，可以用作sat in someplace的用法，那横线空格之后的句子就变成了一个完整的句子，就不构成独立主格，而是一个非限制定语从句，答案为A。
面对这样的题我们总结如下解决步骤：
1.&&&&& 把题干分解，初步理解意思和结构
2.&&&&& 考查横线空白后是否是一个完整的句子，如何考查横线空白后的句子是否完整？主要看那些可能为动词的词，包括v-ing/v-ed/v-s等等，并通过词性和用法判断该词到底是不是句子中的动词即可。如可以直接充当谓语动词的形式有：动词原形（do）/动词第三人称单数（does）/动词过去式（did）/ be + doing/ be + done/ have + done等。
3.&&&&& 如果横线空白后的句子完整，那么该题考查非限制性定语从句，需要选择一个引导词，如果不是，那么该题考查独立主格，需要进一步思考进行选择。
最后我们通过一道练习题来感受一下类似题的解题思路：
【试题四】Pointing to the house on ________ roof grew lots of bush, the old man told me that was where I would stay.
A. its&&&&&&&&& B. whose&&&&&&&&& C. which&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. that
我们按照上述解题步骤入手：
1.&&&&& 将题干分解，这次逗号后面是一个完整的句子，用一个宾语从句中嵌套了一个表语从句：那位老人告诉我那就是我要住的地方。逗号前面是一个现在分词作状语的结构，说明老人的说话时候的动作：指着屋顶上长满灌木的房子。
2.&&&&& 考查横线空白后是否是一个完整的句子，这里面一共五个单词，唯一一个可能是句子真正谓语的单词是grew也就是grow的过去式（did形式），表示生长，显然是句子的真正动词，即横线空白后的句子完整。
3.&&&&& 本题考查的是定语从句，先行词为the house，所以本题答案为B。
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