张培基英译散文《文学批评无用论》赏析
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张培基英译散文《文学批评无用论》赏析
　　季羡林老先生的《文学批评无用论》非常有名，其中张培基将其译成英文。大家来赏析下人家是怎么翻译的吧。
　　文学批评无用论On the Futility of Literary Criticism
　　季羡林Ji Xianlin
　　译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选一》
　　读最近一期的《文学评论》，里面有几篇关于&红学& 的文章，引起了我的注意。有的作者既反省，又批判。有的作者从困境中找出路。有的作者慨叹，&红学&出危机。如此等等，煞是热闹。文章的论点都非常精彩，很有启发。但是，我却忽然想到了一个怪问题：这样的&红学&有用处吗？对红学家本身，对在大学里和研究所里从事文学理论研究的人，当然有用。但是对广大的《红楼梦》的读者呢？我看是没有用处。
　　In the latest issue of the Literary Review, several articles on Redology have attracted my attention. Some of the authors are introspective some try to find a way out of their
some sigh with regret that Redology is and so on and so forth. The discussion is quite animated. The arguments set forth in articles are very interesting and enlightening. Nevertheless, a strange question has occurred to me: Is this kind of Redology of any use at all? It is of course useful to the Redologists themselves as well as to those engaged in the study of literary theory at universities and research institutes. But, to my mind, it is of little use to readers of A Dream of Red Mansions at large.
　　要点：
　　1、&红学&指研究古典文学《红楼梦》的学问，可译为Hongloumeng scholarship，但不如Redology简洁。Redology是由Red加词尾-ology（学）构成。
　　2、&反省&译为introspective，和self-examining同义。
　　3、&慨叹&=sigh with regret/emotion,或lament with regret ,这类词文学翻译中很常见（因为文学就是感慨和抒怀的嘛~），平时要注意积累，基本逃不掉lament bemoan, moan这些~
　　4、&如此等等，煞是热闹&中的&如此等等&是修饰前面列举的内容，&煞是热闹&是形容讨论之激烈，因此分开译为&&; and so on and so forth. The discussion is quite animated.& 体现了英文结构清晰的特点。
　　5、&广大的&&读者&译为readers of &at large，其中at large是成语，和as a whole或in general同义。
　　6、&我看&意即&我认为&，现用成语to my mind表达。
　　综述：本文为一篇小品文，是中常考的文体，一般作者都是采用幽默诙谐的语言风格描写一种现象，翻译时要尽量贴近作者的语言风格
　　《红楼梦》问世二百年以来，通过汉文原文和各种译文读过本书的人，无虑多少个亿。这样多的读者哪一个是先看批评家的文章，然后再让批评家牵着鼻子走，按图索骥地去读原作呢？我看是绝无仅有。
　　Ever since the publication of this novel some 200 years ago, hundreds of millions of people have read its Chinese original or its translations in various languages. Of these innumerable people, how many have read the novel by starting with a perusal of critics& articles and allowing themselves to be led by the nose by the critics as to how to read the novel? Next to none.
　　要点：
　　1、&问世二百年以来&实际上是&问世约二百年以来&，故译为Ever since the publication of& some 200years ago，其中some是添加成分，作&大约&解。
　　2、&哪一个是先看批评家的文章，然后再让批评家牵着鼻子走，按图索骥地去读原作呢？&译为how many have read the novel by starting with a perusal of the critics& articles and allowing themselves to be led by the nose by the critics as to how to read the novel？
　　① 文中的&哪一个&并没有直译为which one,而是根据意思意思译为了how many
　　② &先&&可译为start with sth
　　③&被&牵着鼻子走&直译为be led by the nose by sth/sb
　　④&按图索骥&在这里指&按批评家的指点去读原作&，其意思已包括在上面译文中，故略而不译。
　　3，&绝无仅有&作&极其少有&解，译为Next to none，和Almost none同义。
　　综述：这个本段注意那个问句的翻译~
　　一切文学作品，特别是像《红楼梦》这样伟大的作品，内容异常地丰富，涉及到的社会层面异常地多，简直像是一个宝山，一座迷宫。而读者群就更为复杂，不同的家庭背景，不同的社会经历，不同的民族，不同的国家，不同的文化传统，不同的心理素质，不同的年龄，不同的性别，不同的职业，不同的爱好&&还可以这样&不同&下去，就此打住&&，他们来读《红楼梦》，会各就自己的特点，欣赏《红楼梦》中的某一个方面，受到鼓舞，受到启发，引起了喜爱；也可能受到打击，引起了憎恶，总之是千差万别。
　　All literary works, especially a monumental one like A Dream of Red Mansions, are extremely rich in content and involve diverse social strata & to such an extent that they virtually resemble a mountain of treasure or a labyrinth. And the readers are even more complicated, differing from each other in family background, social experience, nationality, country, cultural tradition, psychological condition, age, sex, profession, hobby, etc., etc. The list could go on endlessly, so I wouldn&t mind stopping here. They will each appreciate a certain aspect of the novel according to their own individuality. They may feel inspired and enlightened, and hence love it, or they may feel hurt, and hence loathe it. In short, the reactions vary.
　　要点：
　　1、&特别是像《红楼梦》这样伟大的作品&译为especially a monumental one like A Dream of Red Mansions，其中monumental意为&重要的，意义深远的，不朽的&比great更有力，更不朽（immortal）的意思。
　　2、to such an extent that 意即&到如此程度以至于&&，此处为增译成分，之前我们也见过不少的增译关联词或表顺承的短语，增强行文语气，使译文更加流畅~
　　3、本段用了一共出现了10出&不同的&！！是明显得不能再明显的句式相同的结构啊，要合并啊同志们~因此译文只用一个differ from就把它们解决了O__O &&
　　4、&还可以这样&不同&下去，就此打住&可以理解为&这样的不同还有很多，因此呢我就不一一列举了&。译者转换说法译为The list could go on endlessly, so I wouldn&t mind stopping here意即&这样的栗子还有很多，所以我不介意在这里停下&言外之意就是&反正栗子还有很多，我就不一一列举了&，这个绕啊~
　　5、&也可能受到打击&中的&打击&作&刺痛&或&感情受到创伤&等解，不宜按字面直译为feel attacked。现全句译为or they may feel hurt。
　　6、&受到鼓舞，受到启发，引起了喜爱；也可能受到打击，引起了憎恶，&译为They may feel inspired and enlightened, and hence love it, or they may feel hurt, and hence loathe it.这是我们说了无数次的分句合译合译合译~主语不必多说，就是&读者&嘛，逻辑关系&&因果思密达~
　　综述: 注意分句合译~本段虽长但是不难译
　　对这些读者来说，&红学家&就好像是住在&太虚幻境& 里的圣人、贤人，与自己无关。他们不管&红学家&究竟议论些什么，只是读下去，读下去。
　　因此我说，文学批评家无用。
　　不但对读者无用，对作者也无用。查一查各国文学史，我敢说，没有哪一个伟大作家是根据文学批评家的理论来进行创作的。
　　To them, the Redologists seem to be sages and men of virtue residing in the &Illusory Land of Great Void& and having nothing whatsoever to do with them. They just read on and on, caring not what the Redologists may say.
　　Therefore, I reiterate, literary criticism is useless.
　　It is useless not only to the readers, but also to writers. Looking up the literary history of each and every country, I dare say that none of the world&s great literary figures ever did their writing in line with the theory of literary critics.
　　要点：
　　1、 太虚幻境&引自《红楼梦》第五回，曾被译为Great Void Illusion Land和Illusory Land of great void等。
　　2、 文中将&圣人&译为sage,&贤人&译为men of virtue,这是因为在儒家文化里，&贤人&是指&善良，品德高尚的人&以上两个栗子我们再次婶婶地体会到国学底蕴对于翻译的重要性~~
　　3、 这里的&根据&一词，译为in line with，非文学翻译中它也是个重点词，除了下文使用的in accordance with ，常见的还有consistent with, be in keeping with,可以让手里的according to歇会儿了。。。
　　综述：注意&根据&一词的同义词~
　　那么，文学批评家的研究不就是毫无意义了吗？也不是的。他们根据自己的文学欣赏的才能，根据不同时代潮流，对文学作品提出自己的看法，互相争论，互相学习，互相启发，互相提高，这也是一种创作活动，对文学理论的建设会有很大的好处。只是不要幻想，自己的理论会对读者和作者有多大影响。这样一来，就可以各安其业，天下太平了。
　　On the other hand, however, does it follow that the research done by literary critics is totally meaningless? No, that is not true either. In accordance with their own capacity for literary appreciation and the different historical trends, the views they put forward for mutual discussion, study, inspiration and improvement are also something creative and conducive to the development of literary theory. Only they should be under no illusion about their theories exerting powerful influence on the readership or writers. That is the way for each to have a role of his own to play and for peace to reign under heaven.
　　要点：
　　1、&文学批评家的研究不就是毫无意义了吗？&译为does it follow that the research done by literary critics is totally meaningless?其中it is follow that 意为&意味着&，如And, if it is, does it follow that globalisation has been a failure because its benefits have been pinched by the rich?（如果成立，是否意味着全球化已经是一个失败&&因为其益处都被富人偷走了？）
　　2、&不要幻想&=be under no illusion about
　　3、&这样一来&译为that the way for sb to&，跟它功能相同还有in so doing,as a result, these efforts will allow us。。。,这种表示顺承的短语通常会作为增译的成分出现，使行文更加流畅~
　　4、&各安其业&=has its own position to play
　　&天下太平&=peace reign over the land/under the heaven
　　综述：
　　注意本段讲的表顺承的短语，四字语的翻译之前讲了很多，本段的&各安其业,天下太平&还需加入积累队列~
　　上面这些话其实只有幼儿园的水平，可是还没有见有什么人这样坦率地说出来。就让我当一个&始作俑者&吧！
　　What I&ve said above is only skin-deep, of kindergarten level. But so far none else have ventured to be equally candid. Therefore, let me be reconciled to being saddled with the epithet of &originator of a bad practice&.
　　要点：
　　1、&上面的这些话其实只有幼儿园的水平&译为what I&ve said above is only skin-deep, of kindergarten level，其中skin-deep（肤浅的）是添加成分，用以衬托of kindergarten level。 此句将直译和意译相结合，既保留了原文的修辞手法，又令意思明朗直白~
　　2、have ventured to意为&冒险做某事&如Some of the refugees say that they have ventured north to check on their houses but did not feel safe enough to stay.
　　（有难民说，他们冒着生命危险回到北方，去看看自己的房子是否还在，但觉得那里依然不是安身之所。）
　　3、&就让我当一个&始作俑者&吧！&（始作俑者：第一个做某项坏事的人或恶劣风气的开创者~）意即&姑且接受&始作俑者&的称号吧！&现按此意译为Therefore, let me be reconciled to（接受） being saddled with（背负） the epithet(绰号) of &originator of a bad practice&。
　　综述：
　　本段语言幽默，译者分别采用直译和意译或二者结合的手段，既传达了意思，又再现了原文风格，这是我们追求的终极目标。
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张培基英译散文赏析之《快乐的死亡》
快乐的死亡Happy Death
陆文夫Lu Wenfu
| 译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选一》
作家有三种死法。一曰自然的死，二曰痛苦的死，三曰快乐的死。A writer can die three kinds of death: natural death, painful death, happy death.
原文中的&曰&是不是有股浓浓的学术味道？而同位语常见于学术和新闻翻译中，此处使用同位语，也是充分展现了原文的语言风格~
自然的死属于心脏停止跳动，是一种普遍的死亡形式，没有特色，可以略而不议。快乐的死和痛苦的死不属于心脏停止跳动，是人还活着，作品已经、或几乎是没有了！Natural death, caused by the discontinuation of heartbeat, is a common form of death with no characteristics of its own, and therefore may as well be left out without any comment. In the case of happy death and painful death, which are not caused by the discontinuation of heartbeat, the writer, alive as he is, has stopped or almost stopped writing!
1，&自然的死属于心脏停止跳动&看到&属于&，我们心里的belong to就蠢蠢欲动啦~但是译者用了caused by，更加灵活，值得我们借鉴
2，&略去不译&= be left out without any comment
3，&快乐的死和痛苦的死不属于心脏停止跳动，是人还活着，作品已经、或几乎是没有了！&译为In the case of happy death and painful death, which are not caused by the discontinuation of heartbeat, the writer, alive as he is, has stopped or almost stopped writing!这句话在翻译时我们必须要清楚作者要强调是的后半句&人还活着，作品已经、或几乎是没有了&，所以将前半句话&快乐的死和痛苦的死不属于心脏停止跳动&降级为介词短语
4，&是人还活着，作品已经、或几乎是没有了&第一分句的主语是&人&，第二分句的主语是&作品&，可以考虑转换说法，&没有作品&即&停止写作&译为stop writing
综述：转换说法在本文中很常见，尤其是分句主语不一致时~
作家没有了作品，可以看作是个人艺术生命的死亡、职业的停顿。其中有些人是因为年事已高，力不从心。这不是艺术的死亡，而是艺术的离休，他自己无可自责，社会也会尊重他在艺术上曾经作出的贡献。When a writer no longer produces any works, it is tantamount to the death of his artistic life or the end of his career. Some writers lay down their pens because they are too old to be equal to the task. We call it retirement from art rather than death of art. They have nothing to blame themselves for. And society at large will pay tribute to the contributions they have already made to art.
1，&看作是&译为tantamount to ，童鞋们也可以头脑风暴一下，看看自己能想出多少表述哦~
2，&其中有些人是因为年事已高，力不从心&意即&太老而不能胜任工作&译为too old to be equal to the task，equal+sth 可以表&胜任&，这个用法很常见。此外，&力不从心&已经是第二次见了，上一次是在《时间即生命》中，译为fail to do what I had wished
3，pay tribute to=表示敬意，称赞，致敬，在讲话中经常见到，如：On Veterans Day, we pay tribute to our veterans, to the fallen, and to their families.
值此退伍军人日，我们向我国退伍军人、捐躯将士和他们的家人致敬。
综述：掌握tantamount to，pay tribute to的意思及用法~
痛苦的死亡却不然，即当一个作家的体力和脑力还能胜任创作的时候，作品已经没有了，其原因主要是由于各种苦难和折磨（包括自我折磨）所造成。折磨毁了他的才华，苦难消沉了意志，作为人来说他还活着，作为作家来说却正在或已死去。这种死亡他自己感到很痛苦，别人看了心里也很难受。Painful death is quiet another matter. It occurs when a writer abandons writing even though he is still sound in mind and body. It results mainly from various kinds of sufferings and torments (including self-inflicted torments). Torments ruin his talent while sufferings demoralize him. Though still alive as a man, he is dying or already dead as a writer. This kind of death causes not only much pain to the writer himself, but much sadness to other people as well.
1，&不然&意即&是另外一回事&译为&be another matter&
2，&体力和脑力&译为in mind and body,也可译为mentally and physically~这个表达我们也很常见咯~
3，& 作品已经没有了&=abandon writing,和之前stop writing,一样属于转换说法
4，&这种死亡他自己感到很痛苦，别人看了心里也很难受。&意即&这种死亡，不仅使他痛苦，也使别人感到伤感&，故译为This kind of death causes not only much pain to the writer himself, but much sadness to other people as well.
综述：注意第四点所体现的思想，转换说法，译为一句话~
快乐的死亡却很快乐，不仅他自己感到快乐，别人看来也很快乐。昨天看见他大会上做报告，下面掌声如雷；今天又看见他参加宴会，为这为那地频频举杯。昨天听见他在高朋中大发议论，语惊四座，今天又听见他在那些开不完的座谈会上重复昨天的意见。昨天看见他在北京的街头，今天又看见他飞到了广州&&只是看不到或很少看到他的作品发表哪里。Happy death is a joyful thing, bring happiness to both the writer himself and other people. Yesterday we saw him addressing a big meeting amidst thunderous applause, and today we saw him attending a banquet, drinking nonstop to this and that. Yesterday we heard him talking volubly to a gathering of distinguished guests, capturing the attention of all present, and today we heard him repeating himself at one of those endless forums. Yesterday we met him on a Beijing street, and today we saw him flying to Guangzhou& But never or every seldom do we find his new works seeing the light of today.
1，&快乐的死亡却很快乐，.&译为Happy death is a joyful thing,.显然& 快乐的死亡却很快乐&译为happy death is happy是有问题的(这样译，跟没说一样~)，因此需要转换说法，译为&快乐的死亡是一件快乐的事&
2，&不仅他自己感到快乐，别人看来也很快乐&译为bring happiness to both the writer himself and other people.译者认为两句有相同结构&感到快乐&，因此用both and串句，手法同&这种死亡&&一句~
3,&昨天看见他大会上做报告&&译为Yesterday we saw him&增译主语~
4, &为这为那地频频举杯&译为drinking nonstop to this and that，也可译为proposing repeated toasts to this and that.其中nonstop意为again and again,不过其语气略带讽刺~
5，&只是看不到或很少看到他的作品发表哪里&译为But never or every seldom do we find his new works seeing the light of today.首先注意时间状语位于句首句子的倒装，其次see the light本意为&见光&此处引申为&发表&,相较于较publish更符合原文调侃的笔调~
综述：本段很绕，需要耐下心来，把不统一的句式变为统一，
我不害怕自然的死，因为害怕也没用，人人不可避免。我也不太害怕痛苦的死，因为那时代已经过去。我最害怕的就是那快乐的死，毫无痛苦，十分热闹，甚至还有点轰轰烈烈。自己很难控制，即很难控制在一定的范围之内。I do not fear natural death for nobody can avoid it, hence no use fearing. Nor do I fear painful death for it is something belonging to a bygone age. What I fear most is happy death, which is absolutely painless and full of bustle, excitement and even dramatic spectacle. It is difficult to exercise self-control, that is, difficult to keep within limits.
1，&我不害怕自然的死，因为害怕也没用，人人不可避免&译为I do not fear natural death for nobody can avoid it, hence no use fearing.译者巧妙地处理了后两句的原因，将因果关系重新调整，增译hence，使得行文更加连贯
2，&因为那时代已经过去&意即&那已经是过去的事情&，故译为for it is something belonging to a bygone age.其中bygone age指的是建国后的一段极左时期，包括文革时期
3，&轰轰烈烈&形容气势浩大而壮烈，译为dramatic spectacle
4，&即&通常用mean,namely，that is表示~
综述：注意第一句中因果关系的重新调整~
因为我觉得喝酒不一定完全是坏事，少喝一点可以舒筋活血，据说对心血管也是有帮助的。作家不能当隐士，适当的社会活动和文学活动可以开阔眼界，活跃思想，对创作也是有帮助的。可是怎么才能不酗酒、不作酒鬼，这有益的定量究竟是多少呢？怕就怕三杯下肚，豪情大发，嘟嘟嘟，来个瓶底朝天，而且一顿喝不上便情绪不高，颇有怨言，甚至会到处去找酒喝。呜呼，快乐地死去！Drinking is, to my mind, not always bad because a few spots may help blood circulation and is, as they say, good for the heart and blood vessels. Being no hermit, a writer stands to benefit in writing as long as he gets properly involved with social and literary activities to widen his field of vision and stimulate his thinking. But how can he avoid excessive drinking or becoming of drunkard? What is the safety limit in this respect? The trouble is after three cups of alcohol he will get wild and unrestrained and end in gulping down a whole bottle. One meal without liquor will upset him and set him complaining and searching around for drink. Alas, just to end up dying happily!
1，a few spots本意为&几滴&，此处代指&小酌几杯&，此外take a sip也可表示此含义~
2，&作家不能当隐士，适当的社会活动和文学活动可以开阔眼界，活跃思想，对创作也是有帮助的。&本句第一分句主语为&作家&，第二句主语为&活动&，&作家&与&活动&的关系是&&作家&参加&活动&&，因此原句在翻译时可以转换为&作家可以持续在写作上受益，只要他适当参加活动去开拓他的眼界，活跃他的思维&，故译为Being no hermit（第一分句译为非谓语）, a writer stands to benefit in writing as long as he gets properly involved with social and literary activities to widen his field of vision and stimulate his thinking.合译最主要的就是找关系，这句关系并不好找~
3，&对创作也是有帮助的&译为stands to benefit in writing，其中stands作&出于某种状态&解~,
4，&可是怎么才能不酗酒、不作酒鬼，这有益的定量究竟是多少呢？&注意这句话其实两个问句哦，第一个是&如何不酗酒&，第二个是&定量是多少&，故拆译为But how can he avoid excessive drinking or becoming of drunkard? What is the safety limit in this respect?
5，&怕就怕&是比较口语的说法，翻译时译为&The trouble is&&
6, &豪情大发&= get wild and unrestrained；此处拟声词&嘟嘟嘟&译出来会显得啰嗦，因此略去不译，&瓶底朝天&= gulping down a whole bottle（囫囵喝下整瓶）
综述：注意口语化说法的翻译，以及本段第二句的翻译~
声明：本双语文章的中文评析系沪江英语原创内容，转载请注明出处。中文评析仅代表作者个人观点，仅供参考。如有不妥之处，欢迎指正。
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请输入错误的描述和修改建议,非常感谢！
错误的描述：
修改的建议：快乐的死亡Happy Death
陆文夫Lu Wenfu
| 译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选一》
作家有三种死法。一曰自然的死，二曰痛苦的死，三曰快乐的死。A writer can die three kinds of death: natural death, painful death, happy death.
原文中的&曰&是不是有股浓浓的学术味道？而同位语常见于学术和新闻翻译中，此处使用同位语，也是充分展现了原文的语言风格~
自然的死属于心脏停止跳动，是一种普遍的死亡形式，没有特色，可以略而不议。快乐的死和痛苦的死不属于心脏停止跳动，是人还活着，作品已经、或几乎是没有了！Natural death, caused by the discontinuation of heartbeat, is a common form of death with no characteristics of its own, and therefore may as well be left out without any comment. In the case of happy death and painful death, which are not caused by the discontinuation of heartbeat, the writer, alive as he is, has stopped or almost stopped writing!
1，&自然的死属于心脏停止跳动&看到&属于&，我们心里的belong to就蠢蠢欲动啦~但是译者用了caused by，更加灵活，值得我们借鉴
2，&略去不译&= be left out without any comment
3，&快乐的死和痛苦的死不属于心脏停止跳动，是人还活着，作品已经、或几乎是没有了！&译为In the case of happy death and painful death, which are not caused by the discontinuation of heartbeat, the writer, alive as he is, has stopped or almost stopped writing!这句话在翻译时我们必须要清楚作者要强调是的后半句&人还活着，作品已经、或几乎是没有了&，所以将前半句话&快乐的死和痛苦的死不属于心脏停止跳动&降级为介词短语
4，&是人还活着，作品已经、或几乎是没有了&第一分句的主语是&人&，第二分句的主语是&作品&，可以考虑转换说法，&没有作品&即&停止写作&译为stop writing
综述：转换说法在本文中很常见，尤其是分句主语不一致时~
作家没有了作品，可以看作是个人艺术生命的死亡、职业的停顿。其中有些人是因为年事已高，力不从心。这不是艺术的死亡，而是艺术的离休，他自己无可自责，社会也会尊重他在艺术上曾经作出的贡献。When a writer no longer produces any works, it is tantamount to the death of his artistic life or the end of his career. Some writers lay down their pens because they are too old to be equal to the task. We call it retirement from art rather than death of art. They have nothing to blame themselves for. And society at large will pay tribute to the contributions they have already made to art.
1，&看作是&译为tantamount to ，童鞋们也可以头脑风暴一下，看看自己能想出多少表述哦~
2，&其中有些人是因为年事已高，力不从心&意即&太老而不能胜任工作&译为too old to be equal to the task，equal+sth 可以表&胜任&，这个用法很常见。此外，&力不从心&已经是第二次见了，上一次是在《时间即生命》中，译为fail to do what I had wished
3，pay tribute to=表示敬意，称赞，致敬，在讲话中经常见到，如：On Veterans Day, we pay tribute to our veterans, to the fallen, and to their families.
值此退伍军人日，我们向我国退伍军人、捐躯将士和他们的家人致敬。
综述：掌握tantamount to，pay tribute to的意思及用法~
痛苦的死亡却不然，即当一个作家的体力和脑力还能胜任创作的时候，作品已经没有了，其原因主要是由于各种苦难和折磨（包括自我折磨）所造成。折磨毁了他的才华，苦难消沉了意志，作为人来说他还活着，作为作家来说却正在或已死去。这种死亡他自己感到很痛苦，别人看了心里也很难受。Painful death is quiet another matter. It occurs when a writer abandons writing even though he is still sound in mind and body. It results mainly from various kinds of sufferings and torments (including self-inflicted torments). Torments ruin his talent while sufferings demoralize him. Though still alive as a man, he is dying or already dead as a writer. This kind of death causes not only much pain to the writer himself, but much sadness to other people as well.
1，&不然&意即&是另外一回事&译为&be another matter&
2，&体力和脑力&译为in mind and body,也可译为mentally and physically~这个表达我们也很常见咯~
3，& 作品已经没有了&=abandon writing,和之前stop writing,一样属于转换说法
4，&这种死亡他自己感到很痛苦，别人看了心里也很难受。&意即&这种死亡，不仅使他痛苦，也使别人感到伤感&，故译为This kind of death causes not only much pain to the writer himself, but much sadness to other people as well.
综述：注意第四点所体现的思想，转换说法，译为一句话~
快乐的死亡却很快乐，不仅他自己感到快乐，别人看来也很快乐。昨天看见他大会上做报告，下面掌声如雷；今天又看见他参加宴会，为这为那地频频举杯。昨天听见他在高朋中大发议论，语惊四座，今天又听见他在那些开不完的座谈会上重复昨天的意见。昨天看见他在北京的街头，今天又看见他飞到了广州&&只是看不到或很少看到他的作品发表哪里。Happy death is a joyful thing, bring happiness to both the writer himself and other people. Yesterday we saw him addressing a big meeting amidst thunderous applause, and today we saw him attending a banquet, drinking nonstop to this and that. Yesterday we heard him talking volubly to a gathering of distinguished guests, capturing the attention of all present, and today we heard him repeating himself at one of those endless forums. Yesterday we met him on a Beijing street, and today we saw him flying to Guangzhou& But never or every seldom do we find his new works seeing the light of today.
1，&快乐的死亡却很快乐，.&译为Happy death is a joyful thing,.显然& 快乐的死亡却很快乐&译为happy death is happy是有问题的(这样译，跟没说一样~)，因此需要转换说法，译为&快乐的死亡是一件快乐的事&
2，&不仅他自己感到快乐，别人看来也很快乐&译为bring happiness to both the writer himself and other people.译者认为两句有相同结构&感到快乐&，因此用both and串句，手法同&这种死亡&&一句~
3,&昨天看见他大会上做报告&&译为Yesterday we saw him&增译主语~
4, &为这为那地频频举杯&译为drinking nonstop to this and that，也可译为proposing repeated toasts to this and that.其中nonstop意为again and again,不过其语气略带讽刺~
5，&只是看不到或很少看到他的作品发表哪里&译为But never or every seldom do we find his new works seeing the light of today.首先注意时间状语位于句首句子的倒装，其次see the light本意为&见光&此处引申为&发表&,相较于较publish更符合原文调侃的笔调~
综述：本段很绕，需要耐下心来，把不统一的句式变为统一，
我不害怕自然的死，因为害怕也没用，人人不可避免。我也不太害怕痛苦的死，因为那时代已经过去。我最害怕的就是那快乐的死，毫无痛苦，十分热闹，甚至还有点轰轰烈烈。自己很难控制，即很难控制在一定的范围之内。I do not fear natural death for nobody can avoid it, hence no use fearing. Nor do I fear painful death for it is something belonging to a bygone age. What I fear most is happy death, which is absolutely painless and full of bustle, excitement and even dramatic spectacle. It is difficult to exercise self-control, that is, difficult to keep within limits.
1，&我不害怕自然的死，因为害怕也没用，人人不可避免&译为I do not fear natural death for nobody can avoid it, hence no use fearing.译者巧妙地处理了后两句的原因，将因果关系重新调整，增译hence，使得行文更加连贯
2，&因为那时代已经过去&意即&那已经是过去的事情&，故译为for it is something belonging to a bygone age.其中bygone age指的是建国后的一段极左时期，包括文革时期
3，&轰轰烈烈&形容气势浩大而壮烈，译为dramatic spectacle
4，&即&通常用mean,namely，that is表示~
综述：注意第一句中因果关系的重新调整~
因为我觉得喝酒不一定完全是坏事，少喝一点可以舒筋活血，据说对心血管也是有帮助的。作家不能当隐士，适当的社会活动和文学活动可以开阔眼界，活跃思想，对创作也是有帮助的。可是怎么才能不酗酒、不作酒鬼，这有益的定量究竟是多少呢？怕就怕三杯下肚，豪情大发，嘟嘟嘟，来个瓶底朝天，而且一顿喝不上便情绪不高，颇有怨言，甚至会到处去找酒喝。呜呼，快乐地死去！Drinking is, to my mind, not always bad because a few spots may help blood circulation and is, as they say, good for the heart and blood vessels. Being no hermit, a writer stands to benefit in writing as long as he gets properly involved with social and literary activities to widen his field of vision and stimulate his thinking. But how can he avoid excessive drinking or becoming of drunkard? What is the safety limit in this respect? The trouble is after three cups of alcohol he will get wild and unrestrained and end in gulping down a whole bottle. One meal without liquor will upset him and set him complaining and searching around for drink. Alas, just to end up dying happily!
1，a few spots本意为&几滴&，此处代指&小酌几杯&，此外take a sip也可表示此含义~
2，&作家不能当隐士，适当的社会活动和文学活动可以开阔眼界，活跃思想，对创作也是有帮助的。&本句第一分句主语为&作家&，第二句主语为&活动&，&作家&与&活动&的关系是&&作家&参加&活动&&，因此原句在翻译时可以转换为&作家可以持续在写作上受益，只要他适当参加活动去开拓他的眼界，活跃他的思维&，故译为Being no hermit（第一分句译为非谓语）, a writer stands to benefit in writing as long as he gets properly involved with social and literary activities to widen his field of vision and stimulate his thinking.合译最主要的就是找关系，这句关系并不好找~
3，&对创作也是有帮助的&译为stands to benefit in writing，其中stands作&出于某种状态&解~,
4，&可是怎么才能不酗酒、不作酒鬼，这有益的定量究竟是多少呢？&注意这句话其实两个问句哦，第一个是&如何不酗酒&，第二个是&定量是多少&，故拆译为But how can he avoid excessive drinking or becoming of drunkard? What is the safety limit in this respect?
5，&怕就怕&是比较口语的说法，翻译时译为&The trouble is&&
6, &豪情大发&= get wild and unrestrained；此处拟声词&嘟嘟嘟&译出来会显得啰嗦，因此略去不译，&瓶底朝天&= gulping down a whole bottle（囫囵喝下整瓶）
综述：注意口语化说法的翻译，以及本段第二句的翻译~
声明：本双语文章的中文评析系沪江英语原创内容，转载请注明出处。中文评析仅代表作者个人观点，仅供参考。如有不妥之处，欢迎指正。