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题号：3011662试题类型：改错题 知识点：可数名词（单数名词，复数名词）,名词,不可数名词,形容词,实义动词的过去式&&更新日期：
改错题。(&&&&)1.& I showed each students three things. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&A&&&&&&B&&&&C&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&D(&&&&)2. Cina enjoys puttingon sunglasses.&&&&&&&&&&&A&&&&&&B&&&&&&&&C&&&&&&&&&&D(&&&&)3. It vained hard yesterday,and I have to stay at home.&&&&&&&&&&&A&&&&&&&&&&&B&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&C&&&&&&D(&&&&)4. He has to do his homeworks after school.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&A&&&&B&&&&C&&&&&&D(&&&&)5. Practice speaking English everyday. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&A&&&&&&&&B&&&&&&&&C&&&&&&&&D_______&&&&&&_______&&&&&&_______&&&&&&_______&&&&&&_______
难易度：中等
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可数名词：是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；因此它有复数形式，当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时，句子的谓语也应用复数形式。
名词单数变复数的规则：
巧记以f\fe结尾的可数名词复数妻子骑牛拿起刀，wife，calf，knife ↑追得贼狼满街跑，thief，wolf →→→变f或fe为v，再加es碰倒架子丧己命，shelf,self，life ↓手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief,leaf,half ↓
名词复数的不规则变化：1．不规则形式：child→children（儿童）man→men（男人）woman→women （女人）an Englishman→two Englishmen（英国人）foot→feet（脚）tooth→teeth（牙）mouse→mice（老鼠）ox →oxen（公牛）goose→geese（鹅）2．单复同形：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese， species，means,Swiss除人民币，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, a meter,twometers3．集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数：people police cattle是复数（OK ：a person，a policeman，ahead of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss ）（Error：a people，a police，a cattle ）表示国民总称时，作复数用。（The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。）4．以s结尾，仍为单数的名词maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。news是不可数名词。5.表示由两部分构成的东西，glasses（眼镜） trousers （长裤） clothes（衣服）若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）a pair of glasses& two pairs of trousers suit（套）6．另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思goods （货物） waters （水域） fishes （各种鱼）
可数名词变复数的几种形式:&1) 单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.　　&2) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.　　 3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies. 　　 4) 以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs,proofs, chiefs.　&5) 以o结尾的名词，有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.&&其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos. 　　 6) 不规则名词：foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, mouse→mice. 7) 单复数同形的名词：sheep，fish，dee. 注意：fish表示种类时，也用fishes这样的形式。
名词:是词性的一种，也是实词的一种，是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。
名词分类:一、按意义分类1．专有名词 表示具体的人，事物，地点，团体或机构的专有名称（第一个字母要大写）。 例：China（中国）、Asia（亚洲） Beijing（北京）、the People’s Republic of China（中华人民共和国）。专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语，则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall（长城）。 姓氏名如果采用复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人（复数含义）。如：the Greens( 格林一家人）。2．普通名词 表示某些人，某类事物，某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如：teacher 老师、tea 茶、 reform 改革。　普通名词又可进一步分为五类：①个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示单个的人和事物。　（car 汽车 room 房间 fan 风扇photo 照片）②集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示一群人或一些事物的名称。　　( people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队 government政府 group 集团 )③复合名词：两个或两个以上名词连在一起构成的名词　（boy-friend男友 passer-by过路人 brother-in-law内兄） ④物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。　　( fire 火 steel 钢 air 空气 water 水 milk牛奶 )⑤抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作，状态，品质或其他抽象概念。　　( labour 劳动 health 健康 life 生活 friendship友情 patience耐力 )二、按是否可数分类名词又可分为可数名词（Countable Nouns）和不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）1、不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an。抽象名词，物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词2、可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；因此它有复数形式。
名词易混点举例：一.有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同。如：work（工作） ——a work （著作）;&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &glass（玻璃）——a glass （玻璃杯）;&&&&&&&&&&&& &aper（纸） ——a paper（报纸；文件；试卷）tea（茶） ——a tea （一种茶）（表示种类）;&&&&& wood（木头） ——a wood （小树林）;&&&&&&&& room（空间） ——a room （房间）二.容易混淆的名词1.work/job① work是不可数名词,有体力或脑力劳动的意思,又有作为职业概念的“工作”的意思。② job作为“工作”解,其实有两层含义:一个是“干活”的“活”或“零工”;一个作为职业的“事”,是可数名词。&job意思是a piece of work，指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作，实际含义是“职业”，而work通常指抽象意义上的工作，是不可数名词，也可指“工作场所”。如:I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.2. wish / hope①&wish之后可以跟含有动词不定式的复合宾语(wish sb. to do sth.),而hope不可以这样用。例如:I wish you to be happy.我希望你快乐。②&hope和wish都可以跟从句。hope之后的从句的谓语动词用一般将来时或一般现在时,所表达的愿望可以实现;wish之后的从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气(以后学),表达的愿望无法实现。例如:I hope you like the flowers.我希望你喜欢这些花。I wish I were a bird.我希望我是一只小鸟。(虚拟语气)③hope和wish都可以跟动词不定式(hope/wish to do sth.)。wish比较正式,口气比较强烈; 而用hope所表达的愿望容易实现。例如:I hope (wish) to go to college.我希望上大学。④wish可接双宾语表示“祝愿、祝福”等,但hope却没有这种用法。例如:I wish you success.我祝愿你成功。3.silly/stupid/foolish三个词都含有“蠢”的意思,但略有不同。stupid所表达的程度最强,指智力、理解力和学习能力差;silly指头脑简单、傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有一定的感情色彩;foolish是普通用语,尤其是在口语中广泛使用。如:He is stupid in learning math.他学数学很笨。Stop asking such silly questions.别再问这样傻的问题了。You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.你真蠢,丢掉这么好的一个机会。
4.instead/instead of
instead/instead of
instead是副词,一般放在句首或句末。而instead of 是介词短语,表示“代替”时, 含有“对比”的意思,其后常跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。如:
Jack didn’t study law. Instead, he decided to become an actor.
杰克没有学法律,而是决定作一名演员。
If you can’t go to the meeting, I can go instead.
如果你不去开会, 我可以(代替你)去。
Could I have tuna instead of ham?
我能否要金枪鱼而不是火腿？
Miss Wang is ill. I’ll teach you instead of her.
王老师病了,我代替她给你们上课。
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
我们走着下楼梯而没有乘电梯。
5.frightened/afraid/terrible
frightened/afraid/terrible
① frightened是由过去分词转化的形容词,常指突如其来的震惊,可用very修饰,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
②afraid只能做表语,多用于习惯经常地“惧怕”某事物, 泛指一种“恐惧心理”;后接名词、代词、动名词等时,用介词接动词时,用带to的不定式;接从句用连词that (可省略)。
③ terrible指极端的恐怖,令人痛苦或不知所措。
6.learn/study
learn/study
二者都作“学、学习”讲,有时可以互换。如:
When did you begin to study/learn English?
你是什么时候开始学习英语的?
study侧重学习的过程;而learn侧重学习的结果,常译作“学到、学会”。 如:
He studied hard and at last learned the language.
他努力学习,终于学会了这门语言。
study用于较高深或周密的研究;而learn多用于初级阶段的学习或带有模仿性的操作技艺等。如:
He is studying the math problem.
他正在研究这个数学问题。
He learns English on the radio.
他通过广播学英语。
The baby is learning to speak.
这个婴儿正在学说话。
7.there be/have/own
there be/have/own
①there be表示某处(或某时)"有"(某人或某物),表示客观存在之“有”。
②have是常用词,表示所属关系,是“所有”之“有”。
③ own指合法地拥有某物,强调具有法律上的所有权。
8.answer/reply
answer/reply
这两个词都可作“回答”讲,但用法有所区别。reply为正式用语,多指经过考虑的、有针对性的、详细的回答,常用作不及物动词,和介词to连用,其宾语为名词或代词,这时可以与answer互换;answer既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,常指口头或书面的回答,是一般用语。如:
The old man smiled before he replied to my question.
老人在回答我的问题前笑了笑。
I cannot answer you now. 我现在不能回答你。
How shall I answer? 我该怎样回答?
值得注意的是,answer可引申为“应答”之类的意义,这时不能用reply来代替。如:
answer the door& (门铃响了)去开门
answer the telephone& 接电话
名词的语法功能：　名词在句中作主语，宾语，介词宾语，宾语补足语，表语以及名词短语作状语。1．主语：The bagis in the desk.书包在桌子里边。2．宾语：I washed my clothes yesterday. 昨天我洗了我的衣服。3．表语：This is a good book. 这是一本好书。4．宾语补足语We selected him our monitor.我们选他为我们的班长。5．介词宾语Mary lives with her parents.玛丽和她的父母住在一起。6．定语：She is a Partymember. 她是一位党员。名词口诀：一、人和事物各有名，万千名目可辨清。表示名称即名词，具体抽象有不同。　　时间空间和地点，方向位置有专称。主宾定表都可作，名词具有多功能。二、可数名词不可分，若要分离变性质。不可数名词可分离，一分再分仍原物。
英语名词特殊用法:1.family指“家庭”时，强调全体；指“家里人”时强调个体，与住房无关home指“家”，表示同一家庭共同生活的地方，具有感情色彩Kate has left home for school.可作副词也可作名词，意思是“在家”house指“住宅”、“住房”The Greens live in a big house.
2.man总称“人”、“人类”，用单数people泛指“人们”，表示复数概念:People often work in the day.指“人”的个体，但只表示复数概念:There are five people in my family.前面加定冠词指“人民”，表示复数概念:Let’s work for the people.指“民族”时，有单、复数之分:The Chinese people is a hardworking people.person强调“人”的个体，有单、复数之分:There are five persons in my family.
3.police总称“警察”，表示复数概念:policeman强调“警察”的个体，有单、复数之分:My father is a policeman.
4.universe指“宇宙万物”，强调物质概念:When we talk about the universe，we mean the earth， the sun，the moon and many other stars.space指“太空”、“宇宙空间”，强调空间概念:Many countries have sent up the satellites into space.“空间”、“余地”、“空地”:There is no space on the bus.
5.不同国家的人的单复数:
不可数名词：是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an ，若要表示它的个体意义时，一般要与一个名词短语连用，相当于中文里的【一 +（量词）+ 名词】，其中的量词意义依与具体的名词搭配而定。&例如： a cup of tea 一杯茶a piece of news 一则新闻&two pieces of paper 两张纸&& three glasses of water 三杯水&&five bags of rice 五袋大米
不可数名词量的表示：1、不可数名词的数量一般用some , much , a lot of , lots of , a bit of , a little , little等数量形容词表示。eg: some meat 一些肉&&&& a lot of money很多钱&&&&& a little water 一点水2、不可数名词的数量还可以用适当的量词（由普通名词充当）作单位来表示，结构为“数词+量词（普通名词）+ of + 不可数名词”。其单复数变化就体现在普通名词上。eg: a piece of paper 一张纸&&&& three pieces of paper 三张纸3、一些常见的用来表示不可数名词数量的词①piece(条、块、片、张、份、则)eg: a piece of meat 一块肉&&& a piece of bread 一片面包&&&& two pieces of advice 两条意见a piece of news 一条消息/一则新闻②glass(玻璃杯) , cup(茶杯) , bottle(瓶)eg: a glass of milk 一杯牛奶&&&& a cup of tea 一杯茶&&&& six bottles of beer 六瓶啤酒③loaf(条)、bar(块)、tin(听，罐)eg: a loaf of bread 一条面包&&&& a bar of soap 一块肥皂&&&& a tin of tobacco 一听/罐烟丝④basket(篮)、bag(袋)、box(箱，盒)eg: a basket of food 一篮食物&&& five bags of rice 五袋大米&&&& a box of wine 一箱白酒⑤kilo(公斤)、pound(磅)eg: a pound of sugar 一磅糖&&&& two kilos of meat 二公斤肉&&&& half a pound of coffee 半磅咖啡a quarter of a pound of cheese 四分之一磅奶酪a quarter of a kilo of rice 半斤大米
不可数名词记忆歌诀：不可数名词很特殊，六点用法应记清楚：一是没有复数形式，二作主语谓须单数①，三是其前不用a(an),四是修饰不用基数②，五可much, some和any来修饰，六表数量用“计量+of”短语③。[说明]：①不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数，如：There is some milk in the bottle.②不可数名词不可直接用不定冠词和基数词直接修饰，但可用some、any和much等词修饰；③当表示不可数名词的数量时，其前应用“计量名词+of”短语，注意计量名词有复数形式。如：I’d like two cups of tea.
不可数名词复数形式的特殊含义：英语中的专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词一般为不可数名词，但有时它们却可用作复数形式。此时它们往往又有了新的含义。一、专有名词的复数形式的含义1．表示一家人或夫妻。例如：Are the Smiths coming to our party tomorrow night？史密斯一家明晚会来参加我们的聚会吗？2．表示同名或同姓的若干人。例如：There are two Marys and three Roberts in his class．他班上有两个玛丽和三个罗伯特。&Did the Mr. Blakes come this morning？那几位布莱克先生今天上午来了吗？二、物质名词的复数形式的含义1．表示不同的种类，如food，wine，metal, wheat，rice等。例如：The wines of France are among the best in the world．法国的葡萄酒是世界上最好的,First of all，he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden。首先他列出了一长串禁用的食品。2．表示量很大，远远超过该词原来表示的程度或次数。这一类词常见的有： sands（沙滩，沙漠），waters（水域），rains（大阵雨、雨季），winds（大风），times（时代）, woods（森林），ruins（废墟），rags（碎片、破衣服），ashes(灰烬、骨灰)。例如：The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops．上涨的河水给庄稼造成了很大的损害。These caves collapse easily in heavy rains．下大雨时这些洞穴容易倒塌。The children are playing on the sands．孩子们在沙滩上玩。3．某些表示饮料名称的物质名词往往以复数形式代替单位词。这类词有：coffees，teas等。例如：The waitress has served twenty teas since four o’clock．从四点起，这位女服务员已上了二十份午茶。Send two coffees and three lemonades to the room．请将两杯咖啡和三杯柠檬汁送到这个房间。4．某些物质名词又是个体名词，它们的复数形式表示与原来个体完全不同的东西。这类词有：glasses（眼镜、玻璃杯）， irons（熨斗），coppers（铜币），papers（文章，证件）等。例如：She is always wearing glasses．她总是戴着眼镜。He wrote many papers for the newspaper．他为这份报纸写过许多文章。三、抽象名词的复效形式的含义1．congratulations， regards， respects，thanks，wishes，apologies等复数形式用来表示祝愿、礼貌和客气。例如：It’s your birthday today．Congratulations！今天是你的生日，恭喜你！You’ve given me so much help．Thanks a lot．你给了我很多帮助，非常感谢。2．smiles， pities， fears， hopes， kindnesses复数形式表示强调。例如：He was all smiles．他满脸笑容。It is a thousand pities．非常遗憾。I have received many kindnesses from him．他对我非常好。Great fears are felt for the safety of the missing climbers．人们对失踪的登山者的安全权为担忧。3．抽象名词具体化。有些抽象名词的复数形式表示具体的事物，如：cares（烦人的事），anxieties（令人着急的事），worries（使人发愁的事），difficulties（难题），joys（使人高兴的事），failures（失败的事，失败的人），friendships（表示友谊的事例）等。例如：After listening to his advice，she had no more anxieties．听了他的建议，她不再有发愁的事了。His friendships never last very long．他与别人的交情从来都不长久。After many failures，they finally succeeded．经过多次失败之后，他们最后成功了。4．某些抽象名词在某种场合是个体名词，它们的复数形式表示与该个体名词不同的意义，如：youths（男青年、小伙子）， relations（亲属）， beauties（美人），necessities（必需品）等。例如：Twenty youths attended the meeting yesterday.二十个男青年出席了昨天的会议。All his poor relations came to spend their holidays at his home．他所有的穷亲戚都在他家过节。
形容词：简称adj.或a，形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏与否，形容词在句中作定语，表语，宾语补足语。她是一个好学生，她学习努力。She is a good student, and she works hard.这辆自行车很贵。This bike is expensive.对不起,我现在很忙。I am sorry, I'm busy now.你为这次会议做好准备了吗? Have you got everything ready for the meeting?
形容词的语法功能：一、作定语He is the greatest writer alive.他是依然健在的伟大的作家。Somewone else has done it.别人已经做了这事。二、作补语形容词做主语补足语和宾语补足语时,可以表示其现状、状态，也可以表示某一动作的结果，并常用在表示“认为，看待”的动词如believe，prove，consider等候。例如：The news made her sad.这消息使他感到非常悲伤。Don't marry young.不要早婚。三、作状语形容词或形容词短语可作状语，形容词作状语时，可以看作是“being+形容词”结构的省略，可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、强调或伴随状况等意义。例如：Enthusiastic，they are co-operative.热心的时候他们是很合作的。Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems.不管是穷人还是富人，不管是年轻人还是老人，我们都有问题。四、做表语The ship was adrift on unknown seas．那艘船在陌生的海域漂流。五、做主语Old and young joined the discussion.Rich or poor meant the same to him.作感叹语Very good!Say it again.Stupid!He must be crasy.
形容词的几个特殊用法：most 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示 " 极,很,非常, 十分"。 It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事，太难了。 "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..." 表示 " 越... 就越..."。 The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。 The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。 The more, the better. 越多越好。 " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。 It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了. It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。 The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。 The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。 This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。&I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。 the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。 I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。 The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。 The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。
以-ly结尾的形容词1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，brotherly，仍为形容词。改错：(错） She sang lovely.　　&&&&&&&&&& （错） He spoke to me very friendly.　　 （对） Her singing was lovely.　　（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词，也为副词。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，earlyThe Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.
too+adj.+to句型&& “太…而不能”& He is too young to go to school.&=He isn’t old enough to go to school.&=He is so young that he can’t go to school.
形容词的位置:1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语?&& 单个形容词修饰名词时，一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如：?&& a red flower一朵红花?an interesting story一个有趣的故事?&& six blind men 六个盲人?my own house我自己的房子?如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定，越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面，音节多的形容词放在后面。&& 2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：?&& &&& She has something new to tell me.?她有一些新的情况告诉我。?&& &&& I have nothing important to do today.?今天我没有重要的工作要做。?&& &&& Do you know anybody else here??这儿你还有认识的人吗？?&& 3.形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：?&& &&& It is a problem difficult to work out.?这是一道难以解决的问题。?&& &&& Edison is a student difficult to teach.?爱迪生是个很难教的学生。?&& &&& This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.?这是一种易栽的花。?&& 4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。例如：?&& &&& All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.?&& &&& 所有的人，无论老少，都应该严格要求自己。?&& &&& We are building a new school, modern and super.?&& &&& 我们正在建一所现代化的高档次的新型学校。?&& &&& All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的国家，无论穷富都应该互相帮助。?&& 5.有少数形容词，如enough和possible，既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：?&&& Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足够的时间做准备吗？?&&& Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为一次可能的机遇。6.有些形容词，置于名词之前与之后，含义不尽相同。例如：?&& the writer present 出席的作者?&& the present writer 现在的作者?7.表示长，宽，高，深，及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。This river is about 100 metres wide.The building is more than 50 metres tall.&He is less than 40 years old.8. enough修饰名词时，在名词前后都可以。They said that they had enough food.=&They said that they had food enough.&enough 修饰形容词和副词，位于其后。&He is old enough to join the army.&He isn’t old enough to go to school.9.形容词else通常放在疑问代词，疑问副词或不定代词后&what/who/where/when/when else&something/anything/nothing…else&What else did you do?&Do you have anything else to say?10.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。This is the book easy to read.这是一本容易读的书。
形容词知识拓展:名词化的形容词：有些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人或事物，这时，它相当于一个名词，可作主语或宾语；表示一类人时，看作复数，表示一类事物时，通常看作单数。Robin Hooh(罗宾汉) hated the rich and loved the poor.The old are taken good& care of in American.the+形容词，常见的短语有：the old/the young/the sick/the white/the black/the rich/the poor/the dead(死者)形似副词的形容词：以-ly结尾的词通常是副词，但是下列词为形容词。friendly& lonely (孤独的) ；lively (活着的)；lovely(可爱的)复合形容词的类型：(1)名词+过去分词& man-made satellite 人造卫星(2)形容词+现在分词& a good-looking man(3)形容词+名词& second-hand cars(4)数词+名词-ed&& three-legged chairs三条腿的椅子(5)数词+名词& 400- metre race(6)副词+现在分词& hard-working students(7)副词+过去分词& well-known writers(8)形容词+形容词& a dark-red jacket(9)形容词+过去分词& ready-made clothes 成品服装含有形容词的常用句型：(1) It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth.(good/ kind/nice/polite/clever/foolish… )It’s very kind of you to help me.(2) It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.(difficult/easy/hard/dangerous/usefulinteresting/important…)It’s important for us to learn English well.(3)下列形容词后常跟动词不定式&表示情感或情绪的形容词：glad,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid,thankful…&I'm glad to see you.表示能力，意志或推测的形容词：ready,able,sure,certain…&I’m sorry to hear that.某些现在分词和过去分词可作形容词the moving story 令人感动的故事a moved boy&& 一个被感动的男孩a frightened child 一个被吓到的孩子a frightening film 一个恐怖电影
表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。
实意动词过去式变化规则:
注:以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l,如control—尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled/traveled。特例：picnic—picnicked，另外还有很多动词的过去式是不合乎上述规则的，常见的有:常用的有：begin—began,&&&&&&&&&bring—brought,&&&&&&& come—came,&&&&&& &draw—drew, drink—drank,&&&&&&&&& drive—drove,&&&&&&&&& eat—ate,&&&&&&&&&&&&& & feel—felt, get—got,&&&&&&&&&&&&&& && give—gave,&&&&&&&&&&&&& go—went,&&&&&&&&&&&& grow—grew,have (has)—had,&&&&& keep—kept,&&&&&&&&&&& know—knew,&&&&&& leave—left,&& make—made,&&&&&&&&& &read—read,&&&&&&&&&&& run—ran,&&&&&&&&&&&&&& say—said, see—saw,&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &sit—sat
几个特殊实意动词过去式用法:a.beat的过去式与原形同形：&&&beat（打击）&beat（过去式）&beaten（过去分词）&&&b.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同&&&lie，lied,&lied（说谎）&&&lay,&lain（躺，位于）&&&
c.hang有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同&&&hang，hanged,&hanged（处绞刑）&&&hung,&hung(挂，吊)&&&
d.&welcome（欢迎）一词是规则动词，不可误用为不规则动词&&&welcome&welcomed,&welcomed（正）&&&welcome,&welcome（误）&&&
e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词&&&hit（打）&hit,&hit（正）&&&hitted,&hitted（误）&
实意动词过去式用法基本句式： 1.主+V-ed+宾+其它。。。（肯定句） 2.主+didn't+V原+宾+其它。。。 3.Did+主+V原+宾+其它。。。+？ 4.回答：Yes,主语代词+did\No,主语代词+didin't. 5.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。
实义动词的一般过去时态:肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.肯定句为：主语+动词过去式+宾语&&& 如：I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.否定句：主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语 　如：I didn't go home yesterday.& He didn't tell me about you.疑问句：一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+宾语如：Did you go home yesterday?　　Did you study in the school?肯定回答： Yes, I did.&& 　否定回答：No, I didn't.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did +主语+动词原型+宾语When did you finish your homework last night?&&&& 　What did you do the day before yesterday?
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