]2014届中考英语常见题型及解题技巧：G 任务型阅读_百度文库
]2014届中考英语常见题型及解题技巧：G 任务型阅读
任务型阅读理解的解题技巧
新课程标准倡导任务型的教学模式，让学生在教师的指导下，通过感知、体验、实践，参与和合作等方式，实现任务的目标，感受成功，在学习过程中进行情感和策略调整，以形成积极的学习态度，促进语言实际运用能力的提高。这就要求教师依据课程的总体目标并结合教学内容，灵活地和有创造性地使用教材，设计贴近学生实际的教学活动，吸引和组织他们积极参与，并在此过程中培养发展学生用英语解决实际问题的能力和培养学生的创新精神。让学生学会用英语做事，培养学生的交际能力。任务型教学中包含的一个很重要的组成部分就是任务型阅读。
那么到底怎样完成此类题目呢？
1.认真审题，读懂题意
由于题目要求形式多样，在同一篇阅读材料中会要求完成不同的任务，因此解题前要先明确任务，做到心中有数。
2.快速阅读，掌握大意
在做题时要快速扫视一下文章的大意，然后结合前面的题目的要求，大致明白所要完成的任务。
3.细读题目，完成任务
在明白题意和文章意思的基础上，仔细阅读后面的题目要求，在原文找出问题题干所包括的信息部分，这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信息，确保答题的准确性。如果是根据英文释义写单词的题，则一定要确保所填的单词来源于原文，切不可脱离原文，随意发挥。
4.复读文章，核实任务
在初步完成所要求的任务以后，学生必须再仔细阅读所提供的短文，结合题意、文章和文后提供的任务信息、认真核实任务以保证答题正确。
5．注意读写结合
任务型阅读不仅考查学生阅读理解层面的能力，更加注重考查学生“写”的能力。若是写单词，则要注意拼写正确，词形、词性有无变化，是否需要大写；若所要完成的是短语或句子成分，则需谨慎对待，依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分，需用什么样的表达方式，不可简单草率地将文中信息直接挪用。
总之，任务型阅读理解不同于传统的阅读理解，它介于阅读理解与写作之间，教师应该适应新课改的要求，掌握任务型阅读理解的特点，加强学生任务型阅读能力的培养。
近年来考查任务型阅读常见的题型主要有以下几种：
一、根据短文意思，补充句子。
Mr. Scott worked in a middle school. He read a lot. He taught well and could answer all the questions his students asked. And they liked him very much. One Sunday morning, when he was dressing his little son, Jimmy, the boy suddenly asked, “May I ask you a question, Dad?” “Of course you can,” answered Mr. Scott. “Are you sure that you can answer it?” “Certainly.” “Well,” said Jimmy, “Are there any holes in your socks?” “Holes?” Mr. Scott said in surprise. “It"s impossible.” “Look at them carefully, or you"ll be wrong!” Mr. Scott took off his socks and looked at them carefully but didn"t find anything wrong.
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　　学习方法
如何做 任务型阅读
　　老师,我是江苏省的考生,高考要考任务型阅读,你能指点一下方法并给出一些答案有讲解的题目吗?谢谢
　　任务型阅读,
　　对阅读理解能力的测试是英语考试中必不可少的测试项目，主要考查学生对于不同体裁或不同题材语言材料的理解能力，以及通过材料的阅读，对材料中信息的捕获能力。此项能力的测试，考生要做到以下几方面要求： 1.不但要求掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想，而且要求掌握文章中的详细事实与细节。 2.不但要求对于具体事实情节的理解，而且要求对其抽象含义的理解，既要理解字面意思，又要理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等。 3.既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系，又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理。 4.既要求考生能够运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题；又要求考生能运用中学生应有的生活常识去分析、理解问题。 根据以上要求，通过对近年来高考英语试题的研究分析，我们就不难总结出阅读理解题的命题规律及题型结构，一般来说，阅读理解题型设计，大致可以分为以下几种题型： A.事实询问题；B.推理判断题； C.数据推算题；D.识图解意题； E.主旨大意题；F.常识题。 那么，根据以上六种题型的设计，如何才能巧答阅读理解题呢？我认为可以采取以下几种应试技巧和解题步骤： 首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。 其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。 要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。 下面，根据阅读理解测试的要求，针对各个不同考查内容的考查题型，给出几点解题建议： 事实询问题 此类题型的问题以what、who、which、when、where、how或者why等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。 做好这类题的要领是：1.明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。2.按照要求，寻找答案来源。3.找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。4.多读课文，正确使用排除法。 推理判断题 既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。这类试题常以如下句式发问： What can you conclude from this passage？ What's the auther's attitude towards...？ We can infer from the passage that……. Which statement is(not) true？ 这就要求考生首先在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。 其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。 数据推算题 此题要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时： 1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。 2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。 3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。 识图解意题 此类插图题型是通过图解、地图或插图的形式，形象化地表现信息，用以降低试题的难度，是短文和题目不可缺少的组成部分。在做此类题时，要求学生一定要： 1.把文章与图示结合起来，图文互相参照、互相验证。 2.若是地图，则要做到方位明确。 3.要正确理解文中方位介词及有关信息词的重要意义。 主旨大意题 此类题型用以考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。一类题型为主题问题。如： What is the main idea of this passage？ What does the passage maily talk about？ What does the writer want to tell us？ 另一类为标题问题。 如：Which tittle is the best tittle of this article？ 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。因此，在做题时，要注意每段的主题句(往往为第一句)。英文叫“Topic Sentence”，它一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意，抓住主题句，就不难确定文章的最佳标题。 经验常识题 此类题主要是考查中学生应有的多项综合知识，包括：社会知识、天文知识、史地知识、科普知识及对生活常识的主观掌握程度。此类题往往与文章没有直接关系，学生只能凭自己的常识进行判断，然后做出正确、符合这些规律的选择。
任务型阅读 题目（一） Everyone has got two personalities(性格)- the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you're a-wake because you can control your behaviour, but when you're asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their position. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in. ● If you go to sleep on your back, you're a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don’t like to upset people, so you never express your real feelings. You’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident. ● Oil you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you're always easily upset. You're very stubborn, but you aren't very ambitious. You usually live for today not for tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time. ●If you sleep on curling(蜷缩)up, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you're often defensive. You're shy and you don't normally like meeting people. You prefer to___________________. ●If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You know your strengths and weakness. You're usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don't often get depressed. You always say what you think even if it annoys people. 76. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words. ) _____________________________________________ 77. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? You always stick to your own opinion, but you don't have far-reaching goals. ____________________________________________ 78. Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.) _____________________________________________ 79. Which of the positions do you think is true to you? How can you improve the weakness of your personalities? (Please answer within 30 words.) __________________________________ _____________ 80. Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese. _____________________________________________ 参考答案: 76．Sleeping positions and personalities 解析: 从第一段your sleeping position shows the real you一句以及后文的分析可以判断,一个人的睡觉姿势与性格有关系. 77．You’re very stubborn, but you aren’t very ambitious． 解析: 要答对该题,你要抓住两个点,一是stick to your own opinion, 再就是have far-reaching goals,只要搞清楚这两个点的含义,就不难得出问题答案了. 78．be on your own／stay alone 解析: 根据上文You're shy and you don't normally like meeting people.一句很容易能够判断出下文应该是You prefer to be on your self / stay alone. 79．(该题为开放性问题,要求学生根据自己的情况作答,一般没有标准答案,只要考生能够自己属于哪种睡姿,并且能够根据这种睡姿所显示的缺点提出相应的正确改正的意见即可) 80．当你醒着时，你不会表露出你隐藏的性格，因为你能控制自己的行为；但是当你睡着时，你的睡姿会显露出真正的你。 (二) Every year, whenever Spring Festival arrives, a lot of Chinese people cannot wait to go home. They queue for long hours in front of the ticket offices in railway stations, or do whatever they can in order to get a ticket. They tolerate the long journey on the train only to want to ____________ with their near and dear ones. According to The Beijing Youth Daily, most Chinese celebrate the Spring Festival not only because they want to follow tradition, there are also some practical reasons to explain Chinese people's fever for the holiday. Compared with one's workplace, home provides a more humane environment for one to relax oneself. Society may do with or without you, but at home, you become unique and indispensable. You may be the father or mother, daughter or son, grandfather or grandmother in the family and the family will be incomplete if anyone is absent, because every member in the family is bound together, and everyone in the family is pleased with the feeling that he or she is unique and irreplaceable. In addition, family provides an ideal environment for one to fully relax oneself. At home, one can take one's time do whatever he or she wants, and one can spend money whenever one likes. In society, however, one needs to do everything fast and with high efficiency, because society always requires efficiency and maximum profits. Such company principles make people merely a tool in modern society. Chinese people's strong desire for Spring Festival shows that they feel oppressed and have a sense of predicament(困境) of existence in modern society. The Spring Festival provides a chance for them to escape from such anxiety and treasure the long-lost tradition of community spirit. With the Spring Festival, people can find back the warm, family atmosphere often seen in days gone by. 1. What's the passage mainly talking about? (Please answer within 10 words.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Fill in the blanks with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words. ) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? You may not be a necessary part in society, but in your family, you are very important and no one else can take the place of you. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Do you think home is important for Chinese to celebrate the Spring Festival? Why or why not? (Please answer within 30 words.) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1. Why Spring Festival is so important to Chinese people./Why so many Chinese go home during Spring Festival / Why Chinese get together for Spring Festival 2. have a family reunion / have a get-together / have a wonderful time / get together / gather 3. Society may do with or without you, but at home, you become unique and indispensable. 4. Yes. For a Chinese, family provides an ideal environment to fully relax oneself and the family gives you the feeling of being unique and irreplaceable. 5. 在春节，人们可以找回往日岁月常见的那种温馨和谐的家庭气氛。 （三） Electronic devices（装置）are changing the way people listen to music. But studies show the devices may be causing hearing loss in many people. Some experts say people may be playing them too loud and for too long. And experts say sound levels on these devices need to be set lower. Researchers did a study with three hundred high school students and one thousand adults. They were asked about their use of portable music devices. Forty percent of students and adults said they set the sound levels at high on their players. But students were two times more likely to play the music at a very loud volume（音量）.More than half of the students said they would probably not limit their listening time. The study found that more than half of the students and less than forty percent of the adults had at least one kind of hearing loss. Some reported difficulty hearing parts of a discussion between two people. Others said they had to raise volume controls on a television or radio to hear it better. And, some experienced ringing in their ears or other noises. Hearing experts say part of the problem is the listening equipment people are using. They say large earphones that cover the whole ear are probably safer than the smaller earbuds（耳塞）that come with most music players. Hearing loss may not be obvious for years, however, once it happens, there is few chance of curing. About thirty million Americans have some hearing loss. One third of them lost their hearing as a result of loud noises. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association is working with companies and government officials on setting rules for use of portable music devices. The group says the best way to protect your hearing is to ,limit listening time and use earphones that block out foreign noises. 1．What is the best title of the passage?（Please answer within 10 words.） 2．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? Compared to adults, teenagers are more likely to turn up their players. ______________________________________ 3．Please fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.（Please answer within 10 words.） ______________________________________ 4．What trouble will happen to person if he suffers some hearing loss?（Please give at least two examples mentioned it the passage, each within 15 words.） _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 5．Translate the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph into Chinese. ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1．Hearing loss caused by electronic devices./ Electronic devices may cause hearing loss. （评分要求：根据文章内容和与参考答案的意思相近的程度酌情给分。只写出类似“Hearing Loss”等过于笼统答案的，不得分。） 2．But students were two times more likely to play the music at a very loud volume. （评分要求：要求准确找出以上的句子，并完整无误的抄写在题目要求的位置。） 3．reduce the volume/turn down the player （评分要求：要求给出的答案能保持与上下文的连贯性，而且与参考答案的意思相近。凡是能明确表达“调低音量”之含义，且表述无误者，都得分） 4．1．Failing to hear parts of a discussion between two people. 2．Having to raise volume while watching TV. 3．Ringing in their ears or other noises. （评分要求：根据文章内容和与参考答案的意思相近的程度酌情给分。能列举出三条问题中的两条即可，要注意对原文句子的修改，字数超出者扣1分，与答案不同，但意思和表达无误者，都得分。只要说出一条者，得1分。） 5．听力损伤也许多年都不被察觉（表现不明显），但它一旦发生，就几乎没有治愈的可能。 （评分要求：要求在准确、全面的基础上，翻译成较为通顺的汉语，并表达出作者的思路。） (四) In the modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly ,believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity(繁荣). Others say that competition is bad ,that it sets one person against another, that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among those who complain most are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: "I may have lost, but it doesn't matter be cause I really didn't try. "What is not usually admitted by them is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, ________________ . Such a loss would be the measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve(缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition. 1. What does this passage mainly talk about? (Please answer within 15 words. ) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? Although it seems that some are dying to succeed, others think differently. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Please fill in the blank in the 3rd paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. What's your attitude toward competition? (Please answer within 30 words. ) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Translate the underlined sentence in the 3rd paragraph into Chinese. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________. 参考答案： 1. Opinions about competition are different among people. 2. While some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. 3. that would mean a lot 4. As far as I am concerned, I'm in favor of competition. Fair competition can bring about social progress and prosperity as well as personal development. 5. 在那些最抱怨竞争的人中，就有深受来自你父母或社会竞争压力之苦的年轻人。 （五） A long car journey can be a nightmare(噩梦) for everyone, whether they are adults or children, passengers or drivers. The driver at least has something that he or she needs to concentrate on but for the other occupants of the car, the journey can be boring, uncomfortable, and can make you feel sick. Moreover, passengers who suffer during car journeys can cause stress and anxiety to the driver, who may therefore lose concentration and cause an accident. With this problem in mind, doctors and child psychiatrists have recommended a series of things to do and not do to make these journeys less stressful. ◆Surveys suggest that a major cause of arguments on car journeys is , and evidence shows that drivers operate better if they are listening to something of their own choice. This means that, especially when different generations are traveling, everyone except the driver who wants to listen to music should be equipped with their own source of music or radio. ◆By far the most successful strategy, especially if there are children in the car, is to turn the journey into a fun task of some kind. For example, children can be issued with an illustrated worksheet, offering them the chance to tick off things that they see—a blue motorway road sign, for example, or a particular kind of tree. ◆It is of course important to have sufficient provisions(储备物) for the trip, with water on the top of the list. However, doctors are now warning parents against giving their children fast food items and fizzy(起泡的) drinks, the kind of things that cause hyperactivity and can create tension and problems. 1. What is the main idea of this passage? (Please answer within 10 words) _________________ 2. Fill in the blank in the third paragraph of the passage to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words) ________________ 3. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? For children passengers, the most efficient way is to make the journey more enjoyable. _________________ _________________ 4. Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into proper Chinese. __________________ 5. What do you think are the needed sufficient provisions for children during the trip? (Please answer within 20 words) __________________ __________________ 参考答案： 1.答案：To give a guide to make journeys less stressful/ Dos and Don’ts to make journeys less stressful/ How to make long journeys less stressful? / Tips on how to make journeys comfortable/pleasant/enjoyable...... 解析：根据With this problem in mind, doctors and child psychiatrists have recommended a series of things to do and not do to make these journeys less stressful可以知道文章的大意是关于如何使长途旅行的乘客减轻压力的建议。 评分建议：与上述主题内容相关，无语法、拼写错误即可得3分。关键词：journey, less stressful. 2.答案：what to listen to 解析：参照上下文，我们可以推断出这里应填的的内容是“听什么东西”。 3.答案：By far the most successful strategy, especially if there are children in the car. is to turn the journey into a fun task of some kind. 解析：给出句的most efficient 对应most successful ,给出句的for children passengers 对应if there are children in the car ,所以应该是本句。 4．答案：而且，乘客们在旅途中的不良反应能给司机带来压力和焦虑．司机可能因此注意力分散而导致交通事故。 解析：本句有两个who引导的定语从句，分别修饰乘客和司机，这是在翻译中应该注意的;另外，suffer的内容在上文中有明确提示。 5.答案：Water, milk, sweats, fruits, bread to eat, toys to play, etc． 解析：这是个开放性问题，要求学生回答在旅途中需要为孩子们准备什么需要的储备物，要考虑到吃的和玩的等几个方面，学生只要言之有理，就可以自由发挥，但是注意with water on the top of the list, 所以water必须有；doctors are now warning parents against giving their children fast food items and fizzy drinks,所以与此有关的饮食不能作为答案。
f6_zhanglj
　　老师,您好象弄错我意思啦,我需要的是关于任务型阅读的资料,不是关于阅读,谢谢
　　任务型阅读
　　这就是做任务型阅读的技巧呀
f6_zhanglj
　　可是,我们江苏省高考的任务型阅读是给一篇文章,要我们填其中几个词啦,请老师帮助我找找相应资料,谢谢
　　江苏省高考的任务型阅读
　　对不起,同学,这是新题,我手边没有资料,要是我找到的话,我回给你发过去
f6_zhanglj