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英语汉译英练习
本内容针对专业八级的英译汉
或汉译英，还有英语专业研究生翻译方向的考生。让我们一起每天都做些练习。翻译最大的特点，就是你必须多实践，才能真正掌握一定的技巧。
只有在我过度劳顿的时辰，在我长时刻不间断地工作的时侯，在我感应心里空虚，需要充实的时辰，我才会感应寂寞。有时，外出演讲回来，见了良多人，讲了良多话，心中尽是纷乱的体验需要清算，偶而也会感受孤傲。
于是有那么一会儿，我会感应整个房子很是大，空荡荡的。不知此时的自我又藏匿于何处。这时，我会给花卉浇浇水，挨个瞅瞅，仿佛它们是活生生的人一样，或是喂喂两只小猫，亲手做顿饭菜，这样自我就慢慢地从头找回。
I am lonely only when I am overtired， when I have worked too long without a
break， when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely
sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip， when I have seen a lot of
people and talked a lot， and am full to the brim with experience that needs to
be sorted out.
Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty， and I wonder where my
self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants， perhaps，
and looking again at each one as though it were a person， by feeding the two
cats， by cooking a meal.
Two tigers
有两只山君，一只在笼子里，一只在野地里。在笼子里的山君三餐无忧，在外面的山君自由安闲。
笼子里的山君老是恋慕外面山君的自由，外面的山君却恋慕笼子里的山君安闲。一日，一只山君对另一只山君说：&咱们换一换。&另一只山君赞成了。
于是笼子里的山君走进了大自然，野地里的山君走进了笼子。但不久，两只山君都死了。一只是饥饿而死，一只是郁闷而死。
良多时辰，人们往往对自己的幸福熟视无睹，而感受别人的幸福很刺眼，却想不到别人的幸福也许对自己不合适。
T one lived in a cage and the other in the wild. The
caged one didn't have to worry about his meal while the one outside was
unrestrained.
The caged tiger was always envious of the freedom of the one in the wild,
while the other one envied the caged one for his ease. One day, one tiger said
to the other: &let's change places&. The other one agreeded.
Thereupon the caged one went back to nature while the other came into the
cage. But before long both died, one of starvation, and the other,
melancholy.
Sometimes one is not conscious of his own happiness and always thinks the
grass is always greener on the other side of the fence, but not think over that
one man's meat is anoter man's poison.
What I Have Lived For ---by Bertrand Russell
&我的人生追求& ---伯特兰.罗素
有三种简单却异常强烈的激情摆布着我的人生：巴望恋爱、追求常识和对耐劳人的同情。这三种激情尤如飓风肆意地吹着我,从无边的苦海吹向绝境。
我寻找爱，因为爱使人沉醉。我经常甘愿用我全数的长生来换取几个小时这样的欣喜。我寻找爱，因为爱使我解除了孤寂，解除了一个寒战的魂灵从人世间到冷峭无底的深渊所履历的孤寂。我寻找爱，因魏我在爱的缩影中看到了圣人和诗人眼里天堂的气象。这就是以往我寻找的，虽然对于人生来说似乎过于夸姣，但我终于找到了。
以同样的激情，我追求常识。我巴望理解人类的心灵。我想知道群星为何闪灼。我试图贯通毕达哥拉斯的数的魔力，它支配着数的撼萍玻我已若干好多达到了此目的。
爱和常识老是通往天堂。可是同情总把我带回红尘。疾苦喊叫的反映在我心中回荡。挨饿的孩子，遭摧残的受害者，被后世视为累赘的无助白叟，以及这个布满孤傲、贫穷和疾苦的世界，是对应有人生的一种嘲弄。我巴望减轻这种灾难，可是我力所不及，我也在耐劳。
Three passions,simple but overwhelmingly strong,have governed my life ---the
longing for love, the search for knowledge, and the unbearable pity for the
suffering of mankind.These passions,like great winds, have blown me hither and
thither,in a wayward course,over a deep ocean of anguish,reacing to the very
verge of despair.
I have sought love, first,because it brings ecstasy &ecstasy so great that I
would often have sacrificed all the rest of living for a few hours of this joy.
I have sought it, next,because it relieves loneliness &that terrible loneliness
in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the
cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it,finally,because in the union
of love I have seen,in a mystic miniature,the prefiguring vision of the heaven
that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might
seem too good for human life，this is what,at last,I have found.
With equal passion I have sought knowledge.I have wished to understand the
hearts of men.I have wishd to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to
apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A
little of this, but not much, I have achieved.
Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible,led upward toward the
heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain
reverberate my heart. Children in famine,victims tortured by oppressors,
helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of
loneliness, poverty,and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long
to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.
This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it
again if the chance were offered me.
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汉译英翻译重点：主语的确定
　　英、汉当中语言的类型特点：
　　1、汉语：语意性语言，力求考究字与语意及其相关关系，注意内容的意会性，其句法特点是：主语可以由不同类别的词语担当，主语隐含、不显或无主语的情况时常可见，谓语成分比较复杂，且不受主语支配，没有人称、数、时态的变化，句与句之间多无明示逻辑关系的连接词，汉语句子看似松散，如流水般无定式可依。
　　2、英语：语法性语言，重点研究主谓、序列及其相关词类，句子结构受形式逻辑制约，注重形式严谨，其句法特征是：主语突出，易于识别，只能由名词或名词性的词语担当，谓语绝对受主语支配，在人称和数上面必须与主语保持一致，有时态、语态和语气的变化，句与句之间都与明示逻辑关系的连接词相连，英语依法构句，形式完整而严密。英语是主语显著语，英语构建在主谓轴上，确定主谓语是成功构句、保证译文与原文功能相似、语意相符的关键。
　　主语的确定
　　原文主语作主语：场合有限
　　重新确定主语
　　（比较翻译）
　　1）　　　　世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。
　　a）　　　 The turn of the century finds China most attractive on the diplomatic arena．
　　b）　　　At the turn of the century， China is very active in its diplomatic activities．
　　中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。
　　Great changes have taken place in China．
　　China has witnessed tremendous changes．
　　2）　　　　一九六四年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。
　　a．　　　 China&s first atomic blast in October， 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world．
　　b．　　　 In October， 1964， China blasted its first atomic bomb， which shocked the rest of the world greatly．
　　3）　　　　胎又瘪了。
　　a．　　　 We&ve got another flat tire．
　　b．　　　 Our tire is flat again．
　　4）　　　　人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。
　　a． It is impossible to judge people from their appearance， and impossible to measure the ocean by pints．
　　b． We can&t judge people from their appearance， just as we can&t measure the ocean by pints．
　　增补主语
　　1、　推敲语境
　　2、　考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要
　　沉默呵，沉默呵！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。
　　Silence， silence！ Unless we burst out， we shall perish in this silence！
　　起大风了。
　　It&s blowing hard．
　　用劳动实现自己的理想，用理想指导自己的劳动。
　　You realize your ideals through labor and you guide your labor by ideals．
　　1）　　　　中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪的驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。
　　a．　　　 The ship of China&s socialist construction will brave the wind and waves and sail to the glorious destination of modernization．
　　b．　　　 China will stride forward in building socialism， like a ship braving the wind and the waves， towards the glorious destination of modernization．
　　2）　　　　我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友，而且成为兄弟。
　　a．　　　 The development of our relations has made us not only close friends but also brothers．
　　b．　　　 Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers．
　　3）　　　　他心直口快，总是愿意和任何人交朋友，所以很快就赢得了大家的信任。
　　a．　　　 His outspokenness and readiness to make friends with anyone soon won their trust．
　　b．　　　 He was very outspoken and always ready to make friends with anyone， so he won their trust．
　　4）　　　　中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。
　　a．　　　 A strong， prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries．
　　b．　　　 The strength， prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any countries．
　　5）　　　　轻纺工业产品的花色品种增多，质量继续有所提高。
　　a．　　　 The designs and variety of light industrial and textile products have increased and their quality has continued to improve．
　　b．　　　 Light industry and textile products are now available in better designs and quality and richer variety．
　　6）　　　　楼的质量不好。
　　a．　　　 The building is not well built．
　　b．　　　 The quality of the building is poor．
　　天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。
　　Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight．
　　真是太荒谬了。
　　It&s utterly absurd．
　　只有冷静才能成功。
　　Success depends on calm minds．
　　端午节吃粽子。
　　On the Dragon Boat Festival， people eat zongzi．
　　上海近几年发生的巨大变化赢得了全世界人民的赞叹。
　　That Shanghai has changed greatly in recent years has won admiration from people all over the world．
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