冠词的常见及特殊用法归纳一,冠词概述冠词是虚词,它不能单独使用.只能附在一个名词上说明这个名词.冠词分为不定冠a(an)词和定冠词the.不定冠词一般表示泛指;定冠词一般表示特指.二,不定冠词a(an)的用法A. 不定冠词a(an)用于单数可数名词前.a用于辅音字母开始的词前;an用于元音字母开始的词前.如:a girl an English bookB. 不定冠词用来表示类别,指某一类人或某一类事物中的一个(泛指).如:His father is a doctor. I work in a middle school in Beijing.C. 不定冠词用于单数可数名词前,可以表示其全类(泛指).如:An English teacher teaches the students how to learn English.三,定冠词the的用法① 表示上文提到过的人或事物.如:He bought an English-Chinese dictionary this morning. The dictionary is very good.② 用于单数可数名词前,表示整体或类别.如:The panda is a rare animal.此句等于:A panda is a rare animal. = Pandas are rare animals.③ 用来表示世界上独一无二的事物.如:the sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, the world④ 用于表示阶级,党派的名词前.如:the Chinese Communist Party , the working class the proletariat 无产阶级⑤ 常用于含有普通名词或形容词的专有名词前.A. 用于许多江海,山脉,群岛等名词前:The Yellow River The East Sea the Himalayas the Pacific OceanB. 用于由普通名词构成的国名:The People's Republic of China the United StatesC. 用于机关,团体,朝代,时代,报刊杂志等名词前:the United Nations the State Council the Tang dynasty the People's Dailythe Summer Palace the Peace Hotel the British Museum⑥ 用于表示方位的名词前.如:the east the southwest the middle the Far East on the left⑦ 用于乐器名词前,但汉语拼音的乐器前不用冠词.如:play the piano play the violin play erhu⑧ 用于复数的姓氏前,表示&两夫妇&或&全家&,在此情况下,这类名词作复数对待.如:When we got there, the Lius were waiting for us.The Smiths watch TV every day.⑨ 用于某些形容词或过去分词前,表示一类人或事物.如:the poor the rich the living the young the wounded the oppressed the beautiful⑩ 用在形容词的最高级前或序数词前.如:Shanghai is the biggest city in china.After the game, the first thing they wanted to do was to take a hot bath.四,零冠词用法① 表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前,不用冠词.Now people are living a happy life. Trees are planted everywhere.② 不含普通名词的专有名词,表示泛指的物质名词和抽象名词前,不用冠词.We are studying English. He is leaving for America this year.It is pleasant to walk in soft snow. Love is always stronger than hatred.③ 名词前有指示代词,物主代词,不定代词或名词所有格修饰,不用冠词.I like this picture better. Is that your book Take their chairs away! I do not have any money on me.As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.④ 季节,月份,星期等名词前,一般不用冠词.She likes spring while I like summer. We have no classes on Saturday.The Long March started in October 1934.⑤ 表示只有一人担任的职务,头衔的名词前,不用冠词.We have elected him our monitor. ⑥ 三餐饭的名词前,一般不用冠词.When do you have lunch After supper we usually take a walk.⑦ 节假日等名词前,不用冠词.Children all wear their best clothes on National Day.People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.注意:在eve后有of短语则要加定冠词:on the eve of National Day on the eve of New Year's Day⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名词前,不用冠词.play basketball play chess⑨ 作表语用表示程度的形容词最高级前,不用冠词.Your help was most timely. This method is most effective.注意:如果有比较范围,形容词最高级前必须加定冠词:Of all methods, this is the most effective.⑩ 在某些固定词组里,名词前不用冠词.on foot by train/ boat / plane… in fact as a matter of factin class in church in danger in hospital in townin bed at home at school at daybreak at sunriseat dusk at sunset at night at noon go to schoolgo to class go to bed from morning till night from victory to victoryfrom door to door五,注意事项① 当man作人类讲时,用零冠词. Man will conquer nature. ② 某些抽象名词具体化时是可数名词,其前可加a.surprise, fire, joy, He is a success as a teacher. Long Jing is a famous tea in China.③ a用于姓氏前表示某个只知道名字而不不熟悉的人.A Mr Liu is waiting to see you outside.④ 在某些句型中可加aIt is a pity that you have missed the chance.It is a shame / a pleasure / a honour for sb. to do sth.⑤ word 作消息讲时,用零冠词. Word came that he would go abroad.原文内容来自：/thread--18.html想成为老师的终身粉丝可以加他们好友哦：KK老师微信号：
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英语语法大全：冠词的特殊用法
　　a / an art.
　　英语不定冠词(a/an)的用法较复杂，以下几点须注意：
　　1. 用 a还是 an：一般说来，辅音或半元音[j, w]开头的词要前用a。如：
　　He has a computer (watch). 他有一台电脑(一块手表)。
　　He&s a university student (European). 他是大学生(欧洲人)。
　　元音开头的词前要用 an。如：
　　This is an egg (honest boy). 这是一只鸡蛋(诚实的男孩)。
　　注意，有的字母(如 a, e, f, h, i等)或缩略词，若第一个音是元音也应用an。如：
　　He missed an &n& in the word. 他写的这个单词漏了一个 n。
　　2. 不要从汉语习惯出发，漏掉必用的 a/an。如：
　　他父亲是著名诗人。
　　误：His father is famous poet.
　　正：His father is a famous poet.
　　3. 用于转化为普通名词的专有名词前，表示某某人或某某人的一部作品、艺术品等。如：
　　A Mr Smith wants to see you. 一位叫史密斯先生的人想见你。
　　He bought a complete Lu Hsun. 他买了一套鲁迅全集。
　　4. 用于转化为普通名词的物质名词前，表示相应的产品或种类，有时表示数量关系。如：
　　It&s a good wine. 这是(一种)好酒。
　　Two coffees and a tea, please. 请来两杯咖啡和一杯茶。
　　5. 用于具体化的抽象名词前，表示与该抽象名词意义相关的人或事等。如：
　　The party was a great success. 晚会开得非常成功。
　　It&s a pleasure to talk with you. 同你谈话是件愉快的事。
　　6. 用于某些由动词转化来或具有动作意味的名词前，表示一次、一番等意义。如：
　　Let me have a look. 让我看看吧。
　　I&ll give the car a good wash. 我要把车好好洗一洗。
　　7. 用于序数词前表示数量或序数的增加。如：
　　He bought a second computer. 他又买了一台(即第二台)电脑。
　　Later she borne a third son. 后来她又生了第三个儿子。
　　8. 有的不可数名词或本来应该带定冠词(the)的名词，由于受定语(尤其是形容词)的修饰，其前一般要用不定冠词或改用不定冠词，表示某种状态，此时的不定冠词通常含有 a kind of 的意思。如：
　　have breakfast 吃早餐&have a quick breakfast 吃快餐
　　the world 世界&a world like ours 像我们这样的世界
　　注：有些不可数名词即使受形容词的修饰也不能用不定冠词，容易弄错的有：news(消息)，advice(忠告)，luck(运气)，fortune(运气)，work(工作)，fun(娱乐，有趣的事)，weather(天气)，homework(家庭作业)，housework(家务活)，information(情报)，behavior(行为)，harm(伤害)，damage(损害)，progress(进步)，furniture (家具)，baggage(行李)，luggage(行李)，poetry(诗)，scenery(风景)等。
　　9. 两个单数可数名词连用表示一个整体时，只用一个不定冠词。如：
　　He is a teacher and poet. 他既是老师又是诗人。
　　There&s a horse and cart on the road. 路上有一辆马车。
　　10. 不定冠词可用来表示&类属&，这是其基本用法，它表明的是某一类属中的每一个人和东西都能说明该类属的整体情况 (有类似汉语的&举一反三&或&以此类推&的含义)。此时也可用定冠词或名词复数形式来表示。如：
　　马是有用的动物。
　　正：A horse is a useful animal.
　　正：The horse is a useful animal.
　　正：Horses are useful animals.
　　若不是说明每一个人和东西的情况，而是说整个类属，则不能用不定冠词，而要用定冠词：
　　The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎面临绝种的危险。
　　Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 亚历山大&格雷汉母&贝尔于1876年发明了电话。
　　ability n.
　　1. 表示&能力&、&能够&，多为不可数名词；表示&才能&、&才干&，多用复数形式。如：
　　He is a man of ability. 他是位有能力的人。
　　He is a man of many abilities. 他是位多才多艺的人。
　　2. 表示有能力做某事或具有做某事的能力等，其后通常要接不定式。如：
　　He has the ability to speak English fluently. 他能流利地说英语。
　　The ability to be clearly heard is extremely important for newsreaders. 声音宏亮清晰对新闻广播员来说极为重要。
　　但在现代英语中，也可后接 of doing sth(不如接不定式普遍，建议初学者谨用)。如：
　　I admire his ability of doing the work quickly. 我羡慕他工作做得快。
　　3. ability的反义词是inability，不是disability&&inability表示没有能力或没有才能，而disability则指因先天缺陷或受伤变残而导致的无能。如：
　　Physical disability causes mental anguish. 生理伤残会引起心理苦闷。
　　His inability to speak French puts him at a disadvantage. 他不会说法语，这使他很吃亏。
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> 英语中有特殊意义的动词短语
英语中有特殊意义的动词短语
　　美国人平时所用的许多短语，看似普通，但有的会有特e意义，究竟是俚语、口语或俗语，没有绝对的定义。其实名称不重要，最重要的是懂得意义和用法，不是吗？
　　1、to have(many) irons in the fire: to have a lot of activities going on at the same time（同时有许多事，想马上全部做完，但又不知从何开始，似乎忙得不可开交）
　　don't bother him because he has many irons in the fire. 　　e打扰他，他事情太多，忙得很！
　　some people even like to have many irons in the fire.　　有些人喜欢有很多事忙忙碌碌。
　　2、to talk over (one's) head(s): to use large or big words so that audience will not understand exact meaning（指所谈论的内容过于专业或高深，非一般人可以理解；也指有人为了表F自己才学非凡，故意谈些高深理论或用些难字，吓唬e人）
　　dr. lee's lecture was so specialized that he almost talked over our heads.　　李博士的演讲太专业了，几乎使我们无法理解。
　　in order to show his profound knowledge he talks over my head.　　为了表F他的学问高深，他故弄玄虚。
　　3、to put (something) back into (in) its cage: to put something under control (可以控制某件事情，多半指政治、健康等)
　　we are trying to put inflation back into its cage and our economy is on the mend.　　我们正在设法控制通货膨胀，同时改善我们得经济。
　　iplomats and politicians need to put aggression and hostility back into its cage. 　　外交官和政客应该收敛攻击和敌对的行为。
　　4、to keep (one's) fingers crossed: to hope something good will happen（祝福某人好运或一切顺利。把食指与中指交叉，祈求好运，是老外的迷信，但在写信或正式场合，多半是用&i wish you best (good) luck!&或&good (best) luck to you!&）
　　he keeps his fingers crossed hoping his father will send him more money.　　他盼望有好运，老爸能多寄点钱给他。
　　many people have been keeping their fingers crossed that we can live in a peaceful world.　　许多人都在祈求好运，盼能在和平的世界里生活。
　　5、to stretch (one's) legs: to relax or to take a short break（久坐后，把腿舒展一下，或稍微休息一下）
　let's take ten minutes to stretch our legs.　　让我们先休息十分钟。
　　may i take a break so that i can stretch my legs?　　我可以休息一会儿伸伸腿吗？
　　during the a long flight from the us to taiwan, i normally stretch my legs every two hours.　　在从美国到台湾的长途飞行中，我通常每两个小时起身走走。
　　6、to read between the lines：to interpret the hidden meaning to discern the true fact（从字里行间体会隐含的意义；领会言外之意或能了解其中的真正意义）
　　as you look at this poem, be sure to read between the lines.　　读这首诗的时候，要从字里行间去体会它的含义。
　　after he re-read the love letter between the lines, he realized that he was dumped by his sweetheart.　　重读情书之后，他终于明白他已经被情人抛弃了。
　　7、to let off steam：to give vent to one's anger （发泄、出气，像放掉蒸汽以减少压力似的。这与&to fly off the handle&意思相近，但比&to lose temper&委婉客气些 ）
　what will you do if your wife lets off steam?　　假如你太太大发脾气的话，你该怎么办呢？（因为谈论的对象使对方的太太，所以语气要委婉客气些。）
　　但是谈到第三者，就可不必太委婉，可用 lose temper: 　　what will you do if one of your staff lose temper? 　　如果你的同事冲你发脾气你该怎么办呢？
　　occasionally we should be given a chance to let off steam.　　我们应该不时的发泄一下情绪。
　　8、to pay through the nose: to pay too much for something or excessively expensive （花费太多，代价过高，与& to cost an arm and a leg&意义相近）
　don't pay through the nose when you buy the furniture.　　不要花太多的钱买家具。
　some women paid through the noses for their jewelry.　　有些女人花大把的钱购买珠宝首饰。
　　9、to take center stage：to be in the spotlight（引人注目的中心人物；以某人为公众瞩目的对象）
　　mrs. lin always takes center stage at a party.　　林太太总能成为宴会上的焦点。
　　president bush takes center stage wherever he goes. 　　布什总统不论走到哪里，都是公众瞩目的焦点。
　　his constant taking center stage could deprive him of his privacy. 　　他好出风头的毛病让他毫无隐私可言。
　　10、to drag(one's)feet: to procrastinate or postpone（慢慢的拖延，行动迟缓，拖拖拉拉）
　　it is not a good idea to drag your feet when the work needs to be done.　　拖延工作是不好的。
　　no employers like for their employees to drag their feet on any project.　　工作拖拖拉拉的员工总是不受欢迎的。
　　11、to paint(someone or oneself)into a corner:to tra to be in trouble（使自己或某人陷入困境, 应该注意的是即使主语是复数形式，corner 仍然用单数）
　don't try to paint yourself into a corner. (不要让自己身陷困境，无法脱身。) 　　after a heated debate with his boss, mr. chen has painted himself into a corner. (和老板激烈的争辩之后，陈先生处境十分不妙。)
　　12、to ask(someone) for (one's) hand: to ask girl's parents for marriage approval（指男人请求女方家长应允将女儿嫁给他， 这里的&someone&是指女方的家长，&one&则是指要求婚的对象，hand 只能用单数形式）
　　mr. su asked me for my daughter's hand. 　　苏先生到我家来向我女儿提亲。
　he has asked her parents for their daughter's hand. 　　他请求她的父母应允他们的婚事。
　　13、to move onward and upward: from good to better situation（情况得以改善，或往更好的情r发展）
　　he hopes to move onward and upward with his current company.　　他希望能在现在就职的公司里顺利发展，步步高升。
　　many young couples try to move onward and upward during their marriage.　　许多年轻夫妇都希望能够婚姻美满幸福。
　　14、to call a spade a spade: to be honest, blunt or frank（直言不讳，有啥说啥）
　my wife always calls a spade a spade about her work situation.　　我妻子对别人谈起她的工作时，总是直言不讳。
calling a spade a spade on foreign affairs sometimes seems difficult for diplomats. 　　外交官在处理外交事务的时候很难做到直言不讳。
　　15、to play cat and mouse: to play games with aggressive and passive attitude（玩猫戏老鼠的把戏，欲擒故纵)
　　in business negotiations, there are always cat-and-mouse games.　　在商业谈判中，常会有一些猫戏老鼠的把戏。
　　the police have played cat and mouse with the murderer.　　警察对凶犯采用的是欲擒故纵的策略。
　　16、to go on the dole: (of the unemployed) to live on public welfare（失业人员依靠政府救济金生活。)
　　thousands of americans are out of jobs and may go on the dole.　　美国成千上万的失业者靠领取政局救济金生活。
　　some people have gone on the dole for years.　　有些人多年来就是靠政府救济生活的。
　　17、to be in the hot seat: to be under lots of pressure or in a difficult position（处于困境，面对很多压力）
　he has resigned from his job because he has been in the hot seat for years.　　由于不堪多年的工作压力，他终于辞职了。
　　when testifies before congress, he will be in the hot seat.　　在国会作证的时候，他将面临巨大的压力。
　　18、to make waves: to make trouble（惹是生非，与&rock the boat&意思相近）
　　many politicians like to make waves in order to be kept in the media.　　许多政客为了能在媒体上路脸儿而不惜哗众取宠。
　teenagers tend to make waves with their parents and teachers.一些青少年总是会给父母和老师惹麻烦。
　　19、to keep (one's) nose clean: to keep away from trouble（远离是非，少惹麻烦）
　the newly released inmates are trying to keep their noses clean.　　刚刚获释的犯人总是尽量少惹是非。
　　a law-abiding person needs to keep his (her) nose clean.　　奉公守法的人应该避免制造麻烦。
　　20、to drive (someone) up the wall: to annoy or upset someone（惹人生气或者不高兴)
　the boy is driving his mother up the wall because of his ill behavior.　　这个不听话的孩子让他妈妈大为头痛。
　　if you ask too many questions, you may drive your boss up the wall.　　假如你的问题太多也会让你的老板很反感。
　　21、to write(someone or something)off: to throw away or to discard(抛弃或者丢弃); to deduct a business loss（在经商失败时，也用于报销、注销或扣除损失的数额中）
　after a hot argument, she wrote off her boyfriend.　　她和男朋友大吵了一架之后，就把他甩了。
　he will write off the charitable contributions from his income taxes.　　他从所得税中扣除了慈善募捐的金额。
　　22、to take up with (someone): to date someone or to fall in love with someone（对某人产生兴趣，或与某人开始亲密交往）
　after he met her at the bar, he took up with her.　　自从在酒吧见过一面之后，他对她产生了兴趣。
　　as she is such a pretty woman, many men would like to take up with her.　　像她这么漂亮的女人，许多男人都对她有兴趣。
　　24、to pave the way to (or for): to make the path or to lay a groundwork of something（为&&铺平道路或为&&做好准备）
　　a good education will pave the way to finding a decent job.　　好的教育是好的工作的基础。
　　early space exploration has paved the way for the current space station.　　早期的太空探索为如今的太空站建设奠定了基础。
　　25、to paint the town red: to have a good time（尽情享受）
　　he is going out tonight to paint the town red. 　　他今天晚上要玩个痛快。
　　miss chen really painted the town red last week with her friends. 　　陈小姐上周和朋友玩得很尽兴。
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