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写好合同的五十招英文版（一）
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《写好合同的五十招英文版（一）_商务合同写作技巧_英语合同_笔译口译,劳动合同英文版,完整外贸合同中英文版,英文版合同》
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【网络综合 - 商务英语考试(BEC)】 Appendix A (Basic Form of Contract) CONTRACT AGREEMENT made this _______ day of 20_____, between hereinafter called and ...
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写好合同的五十招英文版（一）
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　　Published in The Fl
　　Published in The Florida Bar Journal, Nov. 2000 Note: This article is for background purposes only and is not intended as legal advice.　　Welcome to the 21st Century. Where practicing law requires us to don the garb of computers and the Internet. And where litigation is as costly as ever. Lawyer bills running $10,000 a month are not unusual in a hotly contested breach of contract lawsuit. With every word, phrase and sentence carrying the potential for winning or losing, the stakes are high. Simple logic, therefore, directs us to cautious and thoughtful drafting.　　Drafting contracts is actually one of the simple pleasures of practicing law. Just 3 years ago at this Convention I presented 50 tips for contract writing. This article updates those tips in the context of our new tools and abilities. Following these tips could result in your writing a contract so clear no one will want to litigate it, saving your client from the trials and tribulations of litigation, truly a good reason to write the contract that stays out of court.　　These tips apply to writing all kinds of agreements: office leases, real estate contracts, sales agreements, employment contracts, equipment leases, prenuptial agreements. They even apply to stipulations and settlements in litigation, where you want an agreement so clear that it avoids future litigation. Wherever clarity and simplicity are important, these tips will guide you there. The Appendix provides a few sample forms to illustrate these tips.　　Before You Write the First Word　　1. Ask your client to list the deal points. This can be in the form of a list, outline or narration. Doing this will help the client focus on the terms of the agreement.　　2. Engage your client in "what if" scenarios. A good contract will anticipate many possible factual situations and express the parties' understanding in case those facts arise. Talking to your client about this will generate many issues you may not otherwise consider.　　3. Ask your client for a similar contract. Frequently, clients have had similar transactions in the past or they have access to contracts for similar transactions.　　4. Search your office computer or the Internet for a similar form. Many times you can find a similar form on your computer. It may be one you prepared for another client or one you negotiated with another lawyer. Just remember to find and replace the old client's name. Starting with an existing form saves time and avoids the errors of typing. Here are some Web sites where you can find forms: http://www.flcourts.org/ http://www.flabarrpptl.org/library.html http://www.gate.net/~wyman/flo.html
/　　5. Obtain forms in books or CD-ROM. Typical forms of contracts can be found in form books, such as West's Legal Forms （a nationwide set） and Florida Jur Forms, as well as in treatises and Florida Bar CLE publications. These can be used as the starting point for drafting the contract or as checklists of typical provisions and wording to include in the contract. Many treatises and form books now come with forms on disk or CD-ROM.　　6. Don't let your client sign a letter of intent without this wording. Sometimes clients are anxious to sign something to show good faith before the contract is prepared. A properly worded letter of intent is useful at such times. Just be sure that the letter of intent clearly states that it is not a contract, but that it is merely an outline of possible terms for discussion purposes. See Appendix C　　Writing that First Word　　7. Start with a simple, generic contract form. The form in Appendix A is such a form. It provides a solid starting point for the structure of the contract. Like a house, a contract must have a good, solid foundation.　　8. State the correct legal names of the parties in the first paragraph. As obvious as this is, it is one of the most common problems in contracts. For individuals, include full first and last name, and middle initials if available, and other identifying information, if appropriate, such as Jr., M.D., etc. For corporations, check with the Secretary of State where incorporated.　　9. Identify the parties by nicknames. Giving each party a nickname in the first paragraph will make the contract easier to read. For example, James W. Martin would be nicknamed "Martin."　　10. Be careful when using legal terms for nicknames. Do not use "Contractor" as a nickname unless that party is legally a contractor. Do not use "Agent" unless you intend for that party to be an agent, and if you do, then you better specify the scope of authority and other agency issues to avoid future disagreements.　　11. Include a blank for the date in the first paragraph. Putting the date in the first paragraph makes it easy to find after the contract is signed. It also makes it easy to describe the contract in other documents in a precise way, such as the "December 20, 2000, Contract for Sale of Real Estate."　　12. Include to provide background. Recitals are the "whereas" clauses that precede the body of a contract. They provide a simple way to bring the contract's reader （party, judge or jury） up to speed on what the contract is about, who the parties are, why they are signing a contract, etc. The first paragraph in the body of the contract can incorporate the recitals by reference and state that they are true and correct. This will avoid a later argument as to whether or not the recitals are a legally binding part of the contract.　　13. Outline the contract by writing out and underlining paragraph headings in their logical order. The paragraphs should flow in logical, organized fashion. It is not necessary to write them all at once； you can write them as you think of them. Try to group related concepts in the same paragraphs or in adjacent paragraphs. For example, write an employment contract's initial paragraph headings like this:Recitals. Employment. Duties. Term. Compensation.　　14. Complete each paragraph by writing the contract terms that apply to that paragraph. This is simple. You learned this in elementary school. Just explain in words what the parties agree to do or not do paragraph by paragraph.　　15. Keep a pad at hand to remember clauses to add. It is normal to think of additional clauses, wording and issues while writing a contract. Jot these down on a pad as you write； they are easily forgotten. Also keep your client's outline and other forms in front of you as you write, and check off items as you write them.　　16. Repeat yourself only when repetition is necessary to improve clarity. Ambiguity is created by saying the same thing more than once； it is almost impossible to say it twice without creating ambiguity. Only if the concept is a difficult one should you write it in more than one way. In addition, if you use an example to clarify a difficult concept or formula, be sure that all possible meanings are considered and that the example is accurate and consistent with the concept as worded.　　What to Watch Out for When Writing　　17. Title it "Contract." Do not leave this one to chance. If your client wants a contract, call it a contract. A judge now sitting on the federal bench once ruled that a document entitled "Proposal" was not a contract even though signed by both parties. The lesson learned is, "Say what you mean." If you intend the document to be a legally binding contract, use the word "Contract" in the title.　　18. Write in short sentences. Short sentences are easier to understand than long ones.　　19. Write in active tense, rather than passive. Active tense sentences are shorter and use words more efficiently, and their meaning is more apparent. Example of active: "Sellers shall sell the Property to Buyer." Example of passive: "The Property shall be sold to Buyer by Seller."　　20. Don't use the word "biweekly." It has two meanings: twice a week and every other week. The same applies to "bimonthly." Instead, write "every other week" or "twice a week."　　21. Don't say things like "active termites and organisms". Avoid ambiguity by writing either "active termites and active organisms" or "organisms and active termites." When adding a modifier like "active" before a compound of nouns like "termites and organisms", be sure to clarify whether you intend the modifier to apply to both nouns or just the first one. If you intend it to apply to both, use parallel construction and write the modifier in front of each noun. If you intend it to apply to just one noun, place that one noun at the end of the list and the modifier directly in front of it.　　22. Don't say "Lessor" and "Lessee." These are bad nicknames for a lease because they are easily reversed or mistyped. Use "Landlord" and "Tenant" instead. The same applies to lienor and lienee, mortgagor and mortgagee, grantor and grantee, licensor and licensee, party A and party B. This is where you can use your creativity to come up with a different nickname for a party, as long as you use it consistently throughout the contract.　　23. Watch out when using "herein." Does "wherever used herein" mean anywhere in the contract or anywhere in the paragraph？ Clarify this ambiguity if it matters.　　24. Write numbers as both words and numerals: ten (10). This will reduce the chance for errors.　　25. When you write "including" consider adding "but not limited to." Unless you intend the list to be all-inclusive, you had better clarify your intent that it is merely an example.　　26. Don't rely on the rules of grammar. The rules of grammar that you learned in school are not universal. The judge or jury interpreting the meaning of your contract may have learned different rules. Write the contract so that no matter what rules they learned, the contract is clear and unambiguous. Follow this test for clear writing: Remove all periods and commas, then read it. Choosing the right words and placing them in the right place makes the writing clear without punctuation.　　27. Don't be creative with words. Contract writing is not creative writing and is not meant to provoke reflective thoughts or controversies about nuances of meaning. Contract writing is clear, direct and precise. Therefore, use common words and common meanings. Write for the common man and the common woman.　　28. Be consistent in using words. If you refer to the subject matter of a sales contract as "goods" use that term throughout the contract； do not alternately call them "goods" and "items." Maintaining consistency is more important than avoiding repetition. Don't worry about putting the reader to sleep； worry about the opposing lawyer a year from now hunting for ambiguities to get your contract into court.　　29. Be consistent in grammar and punctuation. The rules of grammar and punctuation you learned may differ from others, but you had better be consistent in your use of them. Be aware of such things as where you put ending quote marks, whether you place commas after years and states, and similar variations in style.　　30. Consider including choice of law, venue selection, and attorneys fee clauses. If your contract gets litigated, you might as well give your client some "ammunition" for the fight. Examples of these clauses appear in Appendices A and C.
写好合同的五十招英文版 Published in The Florida Bar Journal, Nov. 2000 Note: This article is for background purposes only and is not intended as legal advice. Welcome to t
Published in The Florida Bar Journal, Nov. 2000 Note: This article is for background purposes only and is not intended as legal advice. Welcome to the 21st Cent...
【网络综合 - 商务英语考试(BEC)】 Write for the Judge and Jury 31. Assume the reader is a knowledgeable layman. If your writing is so clear that a layman could understand it...
《写好合同的五十招英文版（一）_商务合同写作技巧_英语合同_笔译口译,劳动合同英文版,完整外贸合同中英文版,英文版合同》文章由::收集于网络友情提供！ 标题：《写好合同的五十招英文版（一）_商务合同写作技巧_英语合同_笔译口译,劳动合同英文版,完整外贸合同中英文版,英文版合同，标签：《写好合同的五十招英文版（一）_商务合同写作技巧_英语合同_笔译口译,劳动合同英文版,完整外贸合同中英文版,英文版合同》
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Powered by如何提高英语写作能力
在沪江关注能力英语的沪友魔法师师遇到了一个关于写作的疑惑，已有4人提出了自己的看法。
知识点疑惑描述：
每次考试写英语作文都不知道如何写,有没有什么方法可以提高英语写作能力的.
最佳知识点讲解
知识点相关讲解
网上找到一篇很详细的~可以参考一下~
英语写作能力是英语听、说、读、写四种基本能力之一，英语写作能有效地促进语言知识的内化。Swain（1985）提出“可理解输出”假设，认为包括写在内的语言产生性运用有助于学习者检验目的语句法结构和词语的使用，促进语言运用的自动化，有效地达到了语言习得的目的。通过写作，英语知识不断得到巩固并内在化，有利于英语技能的全面发展。但是，英语写作又是广大英语学习者最感头痛的问题之一，且容易被教师忽视，笔者以为如何提高英语写作能力值得我们认真研究。本文就此谈谈初浅的看法。
一、提高英语写作能力的原则
（一）渐进性原则。要坚持“句—段—篇”的训练程序，由易到难，循序渐进。在英语写作的初始阶段，要始终注意培养学生良好的写作习惯，狠抓基本功训练。在学生掌握了基本句型并能写出简单句子后，再要求学生根据一些体例写出小段的文章。在段落写作中要引导学生分析段落的结构、段落的中心句、句与句之间的逻辑关系、写作手法等，这样有利于下一步一篇文章的写作。在文章写作中要教会学生如何构思文章、如何运用正确的写作技巧等。
（二）多样性原则。要坚持训练形式的多样化及写作文体的多样性。从形式上而言，可以用回答提问的口头作文，也可以用续写故事；可以改写课文，也可以仿写课文；可以写提纲训练谋篇布局，也可以写拓展段训练发散思维……。从文体上而言，可以写说明文、议论文、记叙文，也可以写书信、便条、通知等实用文体。
(三)结合性原则。要坚持听说读训练和写训练相结合。根据语言习得理论，学习者在学习时常先通过听和读吸取语言知识，从而了解别人的思想，再通过说和写来表达自己的思想，让别人了解自己。大量的听说训练能促进读写能力的提高。因此，写与听说读紧密结合，进行多元化的能力训练，可使学生的各项能力互相影响、互相渗透、互相促进。
（四）控制性原则。要坚持写作前的指导，控制学生的汉语语言思维，发展英语语言思维。语言学习在很大程度上主要是模仿，而非随心所欲地自由表达。教师要加强写作前的指导，可给出范文让学生模仿，以熟悉其语篇结构。同时要控制其汉语语言思维，尽可能让学生习惯英语语言思维，以便于学生学习和掌握地道、正确的英语。
（五）持久性原则。要坚持长期、正确的写作训练。英语写作能力的提高并非一朝一夕之事，而是一个长期的、艰巨的、渐进的过程。这就要求教师、学生都要有充分的思想准备，要有坚韧不拔的意志和必胜的信心。
二、提高英语写作能力的方法。
（一）通过积累词汇量，提高英语写作能力。犹如土木砖石是建筑的材料一样，词汇是说话写作的必需材料，也是制约写作能力提高的瓶颈。可以想象，如果要写一个句子，10个单词有8个单词拼写错误或拼写不出，有2 个单词用法不当，又怎么能清楚地表达自己的思想呢？因此，在平时的教学中要强调学生记忆单词，记住单词的拼读、用法、意思等。记忆单词的方法有很多，各人有各人的记忆方法和习惯，可因人而异。教师可通过要求学生朗读单词、听写单词、默写单词、遣词造句、词汇竞赛等多种方法促进学生记单词。记忆单词是一个长期的反复的过程，要长期地坚持下去，才能不断积累大量的词汇，为英语写作打下坚实的基础。
（二）通过扩大阅读量，提高英语写作能力。古人云“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”，这是汉语的一种学习方法，同样可借鉴于英语写作。多阅读是学生增加接触英语语言材料、接受信息、活跃思维、增长智力的一种途径，同时也是培养学生英语思维能力、提高理解力、增强语感、巩固和扩大词汇量的一种好方法，有利于促进英语写作能力的提高。在阅读训练中，教师要注意以下问题：一是指导阅读方法，分析文章结构、中心思想、段落中心句、写作方法等，帮助学生掌握各类文章的结构及写作方法。二要精读与泛读相结合，通过推敲优秀的文章来学会写作方法和选词用词；通过大量的泛读来吸取信息量，扩大词汇量。三要扩大阅读量。提供阅读的材料涉及面要广，才能不断扩大学生的知识面，使学生适应各种题材的写作。
（三）通过提高听说能力，提高英语写作能力。英语听说读写四种能力是相互影响、相互促进的，提高听说能力必定会促进写作能力的提高。要提高听说能力关键在于创设一个良好的英语环境。教师要尽可能地用英语授课，多开展专门的听说训练，同时开展丰富多彩的课外英语活动，让学生沉浸在英语海洋中去领略、去体会、去使用英语，久而久之，学生自然能使用正确的、地道的英语进行交谈与写作。
（四）通过重视写作过程，提高英语写作能力。长期以来，英语写作成果教学法（THE PRODUCT APPROACH）在我国居于主导地位，教师根据写作的终成品来判断写作的成败，重视写作的技术性细节（如格式、拼写、语法等），忽视写作过程的指导。根据D.Rumechart和J.Mc
—— nicole7
我说个简单点的吧 你照做应该会有进步的
写作的时候在修改的时候，尽量把那些简单的大家都可能会用到的单词或词组换成你有把握但人家比较少用的。这样才能在你大脑中将新的输入和旧的建立起联系，长此以往，你会有大的进步。
写作坚持三步走：
1。自己写下初稿。
2。过几天，自己再修改一次，并给水平比你高的人修改，或者是老师。
3。rewriting。全部改完后，再自己重新写一遍。
这样learn from the mistakes， you'll make bigger progress!
Good luck!
—— vincent985
多读，多写。
议论文是最好写的，格式比较固定，用途也比较广泛，开始可以看看toefl的作文和gre的作文，那种高分文章汇编的
没有明确目的的可以看看吴冰编的a handbook of writing
strunk的the elements of style也还算不错，就是老了点，而且只能给你文章修饰修饰，不会教你具体怎么写
中式英语之鉴　也可以看看，都是些中国人易犯的毛病。
感觉要真正写好文章还是要看你的阅读量，以外国大学生的标准来要求。感觉现在能买到的外文书不是很多啊。
写作书一般也就给个格式，不会手把手教语言，关键还是多看书，多模仿
一起努力吧！
—— zhao5578094
—— cutebettyliu
相关其他知识点商务英语邮件写作：邮件写作中你不得不知的细节
来源：　 15:37:56　【】　
为广大考生整理“商务英语邮件写作：邮件写作中你不得不知的细节”，祝大家复习顺利！
　　1. Write a meaningful subject line “主题”要有意义
　　在把你的邮件发送出去之前，你要检查一下邮件主题是否能够准确概括邮件的正文内容。如果你的主题写得很模糊，或者主题栏是空的话，那么很有可能对方压根就不会打开你的邮件。
　　我们来看一个例子：
　　Subject: Important! Read Immediately!!!
　　简评：你认为很重要的事情在别人看来却未必如此，你在邮件主题栏里大喊大叫只会让对方觉得你很傲慢，且不专业。邮件的主题一定要informative (具体;提供有用信息)，让对方在没打开你邮件之前就知道你大概要说什么。上面这个主题可以这样改：
　　Subject: Emergency: All Cars in the Lower Lot Will Be Towed in One Hour
　　简评：如果你的邮件内容真的很重要且紧急，那么不妨把主题写得具体些，同时，尝试主题首字母大写，这样可以引起对方的重视。
　　2. Identify yourself clearly 选择一个专业的邮箱地址
　　试想一下，假设你是会议的主办方，在会议开始的前一天，你收到这样一封邮件：
　　To: Bruce Blinderson
　　Subject: [Blank]
　　Hi, I'm going to miss tomorrow conference, can you send me the conference proceedings?
　　简评：收到这样一封邮件之后，你肯定很蒙：FuZzYKltTy2000是何许人也?这封邮件可以这样改：
　　To: Bruce Blinderson
　　From: m.
　　Subject: Conference absence, Sept. 10
　　Dear Mr. Bruce,
　　This is Morris Ponsybil from…
　　简评：这封邮件的邮箱地址更专业，收信人可以把邮箱地址和写信人的真实身份联系起来。
　　3. Distinguish between formal and informal situations 语言风格得当
　　邮件有正式和非正式之分。如果你是写给和自己比较熟的同事，那么在邮件里用一些表情符号(smilies 如 ：P 等)，缩写(比如IIRC表示“If I recall correctly”;LOL 表示“laughing out loud")和网络语言可以使你的邮件充满个性，增进你与对方的感情。但是如果你是写给你的上司，或者不太熟的客户，那么在语言风格的拿捏上就要谨慎了。1&&&　　相关推荐：
文章责编：zhaojing666&　看了本文的网友还看了
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