#define    (__iob[0])
#define    (__iob[1])
#define    (__iob[2])
#define    (-1)
#define (stream, u)   do { (stream)-&udata = } while(0)
#define (stream)   ((stream)-&udata)
#define (stream, put, get, rwflag)
#define    __SRD
#define    __SWR
#define    (__SRD|__SWR)
#define    (-1)
#define    (-2)
#define (put, get, rwflag)
#define ()
#define (__c, __stream)   (__c, __stream)
#define (__c)   (__c, )
#define (__stream)   (__stream)
#define ()   ()
#define BUFSIZ   1024
#define _IONBF   0
typedef struct __file 
typedef long long fpos_t
int  ( *__stream)
int  ( *__stream, const char *__fmt, va_list __ap)
int  ( *__stream, const char *__fmt, va_list __ap)
int  (int __c,
*__stream)
int  (const char *__fmt,...)
int  (const char *__fmt,...)
int  (const char *__fmt, va_list __ap)
int  (char *__s, const char *__fmt,...)
int  (char *__s, const char *__fmt,...)
int  (char *__s, size_t __n, const char *__fmt,...)
int  (char *__s, size_t __n, const char *__fmt,...)
int  (char *__s, const char *__fmt, va_list ap)
int  (char *__s, const char *__fmt, va_list ap)
int  (char *__s, size_t __n, const char *__fmt, va_list ap)
int  (char *__s, size_t __n, const char *__fmt, va_list ap)
int  ( *__stream, const char *__fmt,...)
int  ( *__stream, const char *__fmt,...)
int  (const char *__str,
*__stream)
int  (const char *__str,
*__stream)
int  (const char *__str)
int  (const char *__str)
size_t  (const void *__ptr, size_t __size, size_t __nmemb,
*__stream)
int  ( *__stream)
int  (int __c,
*__stream)
char *  (char *__str, int __size,
*__stream)
char *  (char *__str)
size_t  (void *__ptr, size_t __size, size_t __nmemb,
*__stream)
void  ( *__stream)
int  ( *__stream)
int  ( *__stream)
int  ( *__stream, const char *__fmt, va_list __ap)
int  ( *__stream, const char *__fmt, va_list __ap)
int  ( *__stream, const char *__fmt,...)
int  ( *__stream, const char *__fmt,...)
int  (const char *__fmt,...)
int  (const char *__fmt,...)
int  (const char *__fmt, va_list __ap)
int  (const char *__buf, const char *__fmt,...)
int  (const char *__buf, const char *__fmt,...)
int  ( *stream)
int fgetpos ( *stream, fpos_t *pos)
* fopen (const char *path, const char *mode)
* freopen (const char *path, const char *mode,
* fdopen (int, const char *)
int fseek ( *stream, long offset, int whence)
int fsetpos ( *stream, fpos_t *pos)
long ftell ( *stream)
int fileno ( *)
void perror (const char *s)
int remove (const char *pathname)
int rename (const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
void rewind ( *stream)
void setbuf ( *stream, char *buf)
int setvbuf ( *stream, char *buf, int mode, size_t size)
* tmpfile (void)
char * tmpnam (char *s)
*  (int(*put)(char,
*), int(*get)( *))
#include &&
Introduction to the Standard IO facilities
This file declares the standard IO facilities that are implemented in avr-libc. Due to the nature of the underlying hardware, only a limited subset of standard IO is implemented. There is no actual file implementation available, so only device IO can be performed. Since there's no operating system, the application needs to provide enough details about their devices in order to make them usable by the standard IO facilities.
Due to space constraints, some functionality has not been implemented at all (like some of the printf conversions that have been left out). Nevertheless, potential users of this implementation should be warned: the printf and scanf families of functions, although usually associated with presumably simple things like the famous "Hello, world!" program, are actually fairly complex which causes their inclusion to eat up a fair amount of code space. Also, they are not fast due to the nature of interpreting the format string at run-time. Whenever possible, resorting to the (sometimes non-standard) predetermined conversion facilities that are offered by avr-libc will usually cost much less in terms of speed and code size.
Tunable options for code size vs. feature set
In order to allow programmers a code size vs. functionality tradeoff, the function
which is the heart of the printf family can be selected in different flavours using linker options. See the documentation of
for a detailed description. The same applies to
and the scanf family of functions.
Outline of the chosen API
The standard streams stdin, stdout, and stderr are provided, but contrary to the C standard, since avr-libc has no knowledge about applicable devices, these streams are not already pre-initialized at application startup. Also, since there is no notion of "file" whatsoever to avr-libc, there is no function fopen() that could be used to associate a stream to some device. (See .) Instead, the function
is provided to associate a stream to a device, where the device needs to provide a function to send a character, to receive a character, or both. There is no differentiation between "text" and "binary" streams inside avr-libc. Character \n is sent literally down to the device's put() function. If the device requires a carriage return (\r) character to be sent before the linefeed, its put() routine must implement this (see ).
As an alternative method to , the macro
might be used to setup a user-supplied FILE structure.
It should be noted that the automatic conversion of a newline character into a carriage return - newline sequence breaks binary transfers. If binary transfers are desired, no automatic conversion should be performed, but instead any string that aims to issue a CR-LF sequence must use "\r\n" explicitly.
For convenience, the first call to
that opens a stream for reading will cause the resulting stream to be aliased to stdin. Likewise, the first call to
that opens a stream for writing will cause the resulting stream to be aliased to both, stdout, and stderr. Thus, if the open was done with both, read and write intent, all three standard streams will be identical. Note that these aliases are indistinguishable from each other, thus calling
on such a stream will also effectively close all of its aliases ().
It is possible to tie additional user data to a stream, using . The backend put and get functions can then extract this user data using , and act appropriately. For example, a single put function could be used to talk to two different UARTs that way, or the put and get functions could keep internal state between calls there.
Format strings in flash ROM
All the printf and scanf family functions come in two flavours: the standard name, where the format string is expected to be in SRAM, as well as a version with the suffix "_P" where the format string is expected to reside in the flash ROM. The macro PSTR (explained in ) becomes very handy for declaring these format strings.
Running stdio without
By default,
requires . As this is often not desired in the limited environment of a microcontroller, an alternative option is provided to run completely without .
is provided to prepare a user-supplied FILE buffer for operation with stdio.
#include &&
static int uart_putchar(char c,
mystdout = (uart_putchar, NULL,
static int
uart_putchar(char c,
if (c == '\n')
uart_putchar('\r', stream);
(UCSRA, UDRE);
main(void)
init_uart();
(&Hello, world!\n&);
This example uses the initializer form
rather than the function-like , so all data initialization happens during C start-up.
If streams initialized that way are no longer needed, they can be destroyed by first calling the macro , and then destroying the object itself. No call to
should be issued for these streams. While calling
itself is harmless, it will cause an undefined reference to
and thus cause the linker to link the malloc module into the application.
Note 1:It might have been possible to implement a device abstraction that is compatible with fopen() but since this would have required to parse a string, and to take all the information needed either out of this string, or out of an additional table that would need to be provided by the application, this approach was not taken.
Note 2:This basically follows the Unix approach: if a device such as a terminal needs special handling, it is in the domain of the terminal device driver to provide this functionality. Thus, a simple function suitable as put() for
that talks to a UART interface might look like this:
uart_putchar(char c,
if (c == '\n')
uart_putchar('\r');
(UCSRA, UDRE);
Note 3:This implementation has been chosen because the cost of maintaining an alias is considerably smaller than the cost of maintaining full copies of each stream. Yet, providing an implementation that offers the complete set of standard streams was deemed to be useful. Not only that writing
instead of fprintf(mystream, ...) saves typing work, but since avr-gcc needs to resort to pass all arguments of variadic functions on the stack (as opposed to passing them in registers for functions that take a fixed number of parameters), the ability to pass one parameter less by implying stdin or stdout will also save some execution time.
#define _FDEV_EOF   (-2)
Return code for an end-of-file condition during device read.
To be used in the get function of .
#define _FDEV_ERR   (-1)
Return code for an error condition during device read.
To be used in the get function of .
#define _FDEV_SETUP_READ   __SRD
with read intent
#define _FDEV_SETUP_RW   (__SRD|__SWR)
with read/write intent
#define _FDEV_SETUP_WRITE   __SWR
with write intent
#define EOF   (-1)
EOF declares the value that is returned by various standard IO functions in case of an error. Since the AVR platform (currently) doesn't contain an abstraction for actual files, its origin as "end of file" is somewhat meaningless here.
#define fdev_close
This macro frees up any library resources that might be associated with stream. It should be called if stream is no longer needed, right before the application is going to destroy the stream object itself.
(Currently, this macro evaluates to nothing, but this might change in future versions of the library.)
#define fdev_get_udata
   ((stream)-&udata)
This macro retrieves a pointer to user defined data from a FILE stream object.
#define fdev_set_udata
   do { (stream)-&udata = } while(0)
This macro inserts a pointer to user defined data into a FILE stream object.
The user data can be useful for tracking state in the put and get functions supplied to the
#define fdev_setup_stream
rwflag 
Setup a user-supplied buffer as an stdio stream.
This macro takes a user-supplied buffer stream, and sets it up as a stream that is valid for stdio operations, similar to one that has been obtained dynamically from . The buffer to setup must be of type FILE.
The arguments put and get are identical to those that need to be passed to .
The rwflag argument can take one of the values _FDEV_SETUP_READ, _FDEV_SETUP_WRITE, or _FDEV_SETUP_RW, for read, write, or read/write intent, respectively.
NoteNo assignments to the standard streams will be performed by . If standard streams are to be used, these need to be assigned by the user. See also under .
#define FDEV_SETUP_STREAM
rwflag 
Initializer for a user-supplied stdio stream.
This macro acts similar to , but it is to be used as the initializer of a variable of type FILE.
The remaining arguments are to be used as explained in .
#define getc
   (__stream)
The macro getc used to be a "fast" macro implementation with a functionality identical to . For space constraints, in avr-libc, it is just an alias for fgetc.
#define getchar
   ()
The macro getchar reads a character from stdin. Return values and error handling is identical to .
#define putc
__stream 
   (__c, __stream)
The macro putc used to be a "fast" macro implementation with a functionality identical to . For space constraints, in avr-libc, it is just an alias for fputc.
#define putchar
   (__c, )
The macro putchar sends character c to stdout.
#define stderr   (__iob[2])
Stream destined for error output. Unless specifically assigned, identical to stdout.
If stderr should point to another stream, the result of another
must be explicitly assigned to it without closing the previous stderr (since this would also close stdout).
#define stdin   (__iob[0])
Stream that will be used as an input stream by the simplified functions that don't take a stream argument.
The first stream opened with read intent using
will be assigned to stdin.
#define stdout   (__iob[1])
Stream that will be used as an output stream by the simplified functions that don't take a stream argument.
The first stream opened with write intent using
will be assigned to both, stdin, and stderr.
typedef struct __file
FILE is the opaque structure that is passed around between the various standard IO functions.
void clearerr
Clear the error and end-of-file flags of stream.
int fclose
This function closes stream, and disallows and further IO to and from it.
When using
to setup the stream, a call to
is needed in order to free the internal resources allocated.
If the stream has been set up using
It currently always returns 0 (for success).
* fdevopen
int(*)(char,
int(*)( *) 
This function is a replacement for fopen().
It opens a stream for a device where the actual device implementation needs to be provided by the application. If successful, a pointer to the structure for the opened stream is returned. Reasons for a possible failure currently include that neither the put nor the get argument have been provided, thus attempting to open a stream with no IO intent at all, or that insufficient dynamic memory is available to establish a new stream.
If the put function pointer is provided, the stream is opened with write intent. The function passed as put shall take two arguments, the first a character to write to the device, and the second a pointer to FILE, and shall return 0 if the output was successful, and a nonzero value if the character could not be sent to the device.
If the get function pointer is provided, the stream is opened with read intent. The function passed as get shall take a pointer to FILE as its single argument, and return one character from the device, passed as an int type. If an error occurs when trying to read from the device, it shall return _FDEV_ERR. If an end-of-file condition was reached while reading from the device, _FDEV_EOF shall be returned.
If both functions are provided, the stream is opened with read and write intent.
The first stream opened with read intent is assigned to stdin, and the first one opened with write intent is assigned to both, stdout and stderr.
(und thus ) in order to allocate the storage for the new stream.
NoteIf the macro __STDIO_FDEVOPEN_COMPAT_12 is declared before including &&, a function prototype for
will be chosen that is backwards compatible with avr-libc version 1.2 and before. This is solely intented for providing a simple migration path without the need to immediately change all source code. Do not use for new code.
Test the end-of-file flag of stream. This flag can only be cleared by a call to .
int ferror
Test the error flag of stream. This flag can only be cleared by a call to .
int fflush
Flush stream.
This is a null operation provided for source-code compatibility only, as the standard IO implementation currently does not perform any buffering.
The function fgetc reads a character from stream. It returns the character, or EOF in case end-of-file was encountered or an error occurred. The routines
must be used to distinguish between both situations.
char* fgets
char * 
__stream 
Read at most size - 1 bytes from stream, until a newline character was encountered, and store the characters in the buffer pointed to by str. Unless an error was encountered while reading, the string will then be terminated with a NUL character.
If an error was encountered, the function returns NULL and sets the error flag of stream, which can be tested using . Otherwise, a pointer to the string will be returned.
int fprintf
const char * 
The function fprintf performs formatted output to stream. See
for details.
int fprintf_P
const char * 
Variant of
that uses a fmt string that resides in program memory.
__stream 
The function fputc sends the character c (though given as type int) to stream. It returns the character, or EOF in case an error occurred.
const char * 
__stream 
Write the string pointed to by str to stream stream.
Returns 0 on success and EOF on error.
int fputs_P
const char * 
__stream 
Variant of
where str resides in program memory.
size_t fread
void * 
size_t 
size_t 
__stream 
Read nmemb objects, size bytes each, from stream, to the buffer pointed to by ptr.
Returns the number of objects successfully read, i. e. nmemb unless an input error occured or end-of-file was encountered.
must be used to distinguish between these two conditions.
int fscanf
const char * 
The function fscanf performs formatted input, reading the input data from stream.
for details.
int fscanf_P
const char * 
Variant of
using a fmt string in program memory.
size_t fwrite
const void * 
size_t 
size_t 
__stream 
Write nmemb objects, size bytes each, to stream. The first byte of the first object is referenced by ptr.
Returns the number of objects successfully written, i. e. nmemb unless an output error occured.
char* gets
char * 
Similar to
except that it will operate on stream stdin, and the trailing newline (if any) will not be stored in the string. It is the caller's responsibility to provide enough storage to hold the characters read.
int printf
const char * 
The function printf performs formatted output to stream stdout. See
for details.
int printf_P
const char * 
Variant of
that uses a fmt string that resides in program memory.
const char * 
Write the string pointed to by str, and a trailing newline character, to stdout.
int puts_P
const char * 
Variant of
where str resides in program memory.
const char * 
The function scanf performs formatted input from stream stdin.
for details.
int scanf_P
const char * 
Variant of
where fmt resides in program memory.
int snprintf
char * 
size_t 
const char * 
Like , but instead of assuming s to be of infinite size, no more than n characters (including the trailing NUL character) will be converted to s.
Returns the number of characters that would have been written to s if there were enough space.
int snprintf_P
char * 
size_t 
const char * 
Variant of
that uses a fmt string that resides in program memory.
int sprintf
char * 
const char * 
Variant of
that sends the formatted characters to string s.
int sprintf_P
char * 
const char * 
Variant of
that uses a fmt string that resides in program memory.
int sscanf
const char * 
const char * 
The function sscanf performs formatted input, reading the input data from the buffer pointed to by buf.
for details.
int sscanf_P
const char * 
const char * 
Variant of
using a fmt string in program memory.
int ungetc
__stream 
function pushes the character c (converted to an unsigned char) back onto the input stream pointed to by stream. The pushed-back character will be returned by a subsequent read on the stream.
Currently, only a single character can be pushed back onto the stream.
function returns the character pushed back after the conversion, or EOF if the operation fails. If the value of the argument c character equals EOF, the operation will fail and the stream will remain unchanged.
int vfprintf
const char * 
va_list 
__ap 
vfprintf is the central facility of the printf family of functions. It outputs values to stream under control of a format string passed in fmt. The actual values to print are passed as a variable argument list ap.
vfprintf returns the number of characters written to stream, or EOF in case of an error. Currently, this will only happen if stream has not been opened with write intent.
The format string is composed of zero or more directives: ordinary characters (not %), which are copied unchanged
and conversion specifications, each of which results in fetching zero or more subsequent arguments. Each conversion specification is introduced by the % character. The arguments must properly correspond (after type promotion) with the conversion specifier. After the %, the following appear in sequence:
Zero or more of the following flags:
# The value should be converted to an "alternate form". For c, d, i, s, and u conversions, this option has no effect. For o conversions, the precision of the number is increased to force the first character of the output string to a zero (except if a zero value is printed with an explicit precision of zero). For x and X conversions, a non-zero result has the string `0x' (or `0X' for X conversions) prepended to it.
0 (zero) Zero padding. For all conversions, the converted value is padded on the left with zeros rather than blanks. If a precision is given with a numeric conversion (d, i, o, u, i, x, and X), the 0 flag is ignored.
- A negat the converted value is to be left adjusted on the field boundary. The converted value is padded on the right with blanks, rather than on the left with blanks or zeros. A - overrides a 0 if both are given.
' ' (space) A blank should be left before a positive number produced by a signed conversion (d, or i).
+ A sign must always be placed before a number produced by a signed conversion. A + overrides a space if both are used.
An optional decimal digit string specifying a minimum field width. If the converted value has fewer characters than the field width, it will be padded with spaces on the left (or right, if the left-adjustment flag has been given) to fill out the field width.
An optional precision, in the form of a period . followed by an optional digit string. If the digit string is omitted, the precision is taken as zero. This gives the minimum number of digits to appear for d, i, o, u, x, and X conversions, or the maximum number of characters to be printed from a string for s conversions.
An optional l or h length modifier, that specifies that the argument for the d, i, o, u, x, or X conversion is a "long int" rather than int. The h is ignored, as "short int" is equivalent to int.
A character that specifies the type of conversion to be applied.
The conversion specifiers and their meanings are:
diouxX The int (or appropriate variant) argument is converted to signed decimal (d and i), unsigned octal (o), unsigned decimal (u), or unsigned hexadecimal (x and X) notation. The letters "abcdef" are us the letters "ABCDEF" are used for X conversions. The precision, if any, gives the minimum number of dig if the converted value requires fewer digits, it is padded on the left with zeros.
p The void * argument is taken as an unsigned integer, and converted similarly as a %#x command would do.
c The int argument is converted to an "unsigned char", and the resulting character is written.
s The "char *" argument is expected to be a pointer to an array of character type (pointer to a string). Characters from the array are written up to (but not including) a terminating NUL if a precision is specified, no more than the number specified are written. If a precision is given, no null chara if the precision is not specified, or is greater than the size of the array, the array must contain a terminating NUL character.
% A % is written. No argument is converted. The complete conversion specification is "%%".
eE The double argument is rounded and converted in the format "[-]d.ddde?±dd" where there is one digit before the decimal-point character and the number of digits after it is eq if the precision is missing, it is taken as 6; if the precision is zero, no decimal-point character appears. An E conversion uses the letter 'E' (rather than 'e') to introduce the exponent. The exponent always if the value is zero, the exponent is 00.
fF The double argument is rounded and converted to decimal notation in the format "[-]ddd.ddd", where the number of digits after the decimal-point character is equal to the precision specification. If the precision is missing, it is taken as 6; if the precision is explicitly zero, no decimal-point character appears. If a decimal point appears, at least one digit appears before it.
gG The double argument is converted in style f or e (or F or E for G conversions). The precision specifies the number of significant digits. If the precision is missing, 6 if the precision is zero, it is treated as 1. Style e is used if the exponent from its conversion is less than -4 or greater than or equal to the precision. Trailing zeros are removed from the fractiona a decimal point appears only if it is followed by at least one digit.
S Similar to the s format, except the pointer is expected to point to a program-memory (ROM) string instead of a RAM string.
In no case does a non-existent or small field width cause truncatio if the result of a conversion is wider than the field width, the field is expanded to contain the conversion result.
Since the full implementation of all the mentioned features becomes fairly large, three different flavours of
can be selected using linker options. The default
implements all the mentioned functionality except floating point conversions. A minimized version of
is available that only implements the very basic integer and string conversion facilities, but only the # additional option can be specified using conversion flags (these flags are parsed correctly from the format specification, but then simply ignored). This version can be requested using the following :
-Wl,-u, -lprintf_min
If the full functionality including the floating point conversions is required, the following options should be used:
-Wl,-u, -lprintf_flt -lm
Limitations:
The specified width and precision can be at most 255.
For floating-point conversions, if you link default or minimized version of , the symbol ? will be output and double argument will be skiped. So you output below will not be crashed. For default version the width field and the "pad to left" ( symbol minus ) option will work in this case.
The hh length modifier is ignored (char argument is promouted to int). More exactly, this realization does not check the number of h symbols.
But the ll length modifier will to abort the output, as this realization does not operate long long arguments.
The variable width or precision field (an asterisk * symbol) is not realized and will to abort the output.
int vfprintf_P
const char * 
va_list 
__ap 
Variant of
that uses a fmt string that resides in program memory.
int vfscanf
const char * 
va_list 
Formatted input. This function is the heart of the scanf family of functions.
Characters are read from stream and processed in a way described by fmt. Conversion results will be assigned to the parameters passed via ap.
The format string fmt is scanned for conversion specifications. Anything that doesn't comprise a conversion specification is taken as text that is matched literally against the input. White space in the format string will match any white space in the data (including none), all other characters match only itself. Processing is aborted as soon as the data and format string no longer match, or there is an error or end-of-file condition on stream.
Most conversions skip leading white space before starting the actual conversion.
Conversions are introduced with the character %. Possible options can follow the %:
a * indicating that the conversion should be performed but the conversion resul no parameters will be processed from ap,
the character h indicating that the argument is a pointer to short int (rather than int),
the 2 characters hh indicating that the argument is a pointer to char (rather than int).
the character l indicating that the argument is a pointer to long int (rather than int, for integer type conversions), or a pointer to double (for floating point conversions),
In addition, a maximal field width may be specified as a nonzero positive decimal integer, which will restrict the conversion to at most this many characters from the input stream. This field width is limited to at most 255 characters which is also the default value (except for the c conversion that defaults to 1).
The following conversion flags are supported:
% Matches a literal % character. This is not a conversion.
d Matches an optionally si the next pointer must be a pointer to int.
i Matches an optio the next pointer must be a pointer to int. The integer is read in base 16 if it begins with 0x or 0X, in base 8 if it begins with 0, and in base 10 otherwise. Only characters that correspond to the base are used.
o Matc the next pointer must be a pointer to unsigned int.
u Matches an optionally si the next pointer must be a pointer to unsigned int.
x Matches an optionally signed the next pointer must be a pointer to unsigned int.
f Matches an optionally signed floating- the next pointer must be a pointer to float.
e, g, F, E, G Equivalent to f.
s Matches a sequence of non-white- the next pointer must be a pointer to char, and the array must be large enough to accept all the sequence and the terminating NUL character. The input string stops at white space or at the maximum field width, whichever occurs first.
c Matches a sequence of width count characters (default 1); the next pointer must be a pointer to char, and there must be enough room for all the characters (no terminating NUL is added). The usual skip of leading white space is suppressed. To skip white space first, use an explicit space in the format.
[ Matches a nonempty sequence of characters from the specified set of the next pointer must be a pointer to char, and there must be enough room for all the characters in the string, plus a terminating NUL character. The usual skip of leading white space is suppressed. The string is to be made up of characters in (or not in) the set is defined by the characters between the open bracket [ character and a close bracket ] character. The set excludes those characters if the first character after the open bracket is a circumflex ^. To include a close bracket in the set, make it the first character after the open brack any other position will end the set. The hyphen character - when placed between two other characters, it adds all intervening characters to the set. To include a hyphen, make it the last character before the final close bracket. For instance, [^]0-9-] means the set of everything except close bracket, zero through nine, and hyphen. The string ends with the appearance of a character not in the (or, with a circumflex, in) set or when the field width runs out. Note that usage of this conversion enlarges the stack expense.
p Matches a pointer value (as printed by p in ); the next pointer must be a pointer to void.
n N instead, the number of characters consumed thus far from the input is stored through the next pointer, which must be a pointer to int. This is not a conversion, although it can be suppressed with the * flag.
These functions return the number of input items assigned, which can be fewer than provided for, or even zero, in the event of a matching failure. Zero indicates that, while there was input available, no conve typically this is due to an invalid input character, such as an alphabetic character for a d conversion. The value EOF is returned if an input failure occurs before any conversion such as an end-of-file occurs. If an error or end-of-file occurs after conversion has begun, the number of conversions which were successfully completed is returned.
By default, all the conversions described above are available except the floating-point conversions and the width is limited to 255 characters. The float-point conversion will be available in the extended version provided by the library libscanf_flt.a. Also in this case the width is not limited (exactly, it is limited to 65535 characters). To link a program against the extended version, use the following compiler flags in the link stage:
-Wl,-u, -lscanf_flt -lm
A third version is available for environments that are tight on space. In addition to the restrictions of the standard one, this version implements no %[ specification. This version is provided in the library libscanf_min.a, and can be requested using the following options in the link stage:
-Wl,-u, -lscanf_min -lm
int vfscanf_P
const char * 
va_list 
__ap 
Variant of
using a fmt string in program memory.
int vprintf
const char * 
va_list 
__ap 
The function vprintf performs formatted output to stream stdout, taking a variable argument list as in .
for details.
int vscanf
const char * 
va_list 
__ap 
The function vscanf performs formatted input from stream stdin, taking a variable argument list as in .
for details.
int vsnprintf
char * 
size_t 
const char * 
va_list 
Like , but instead of assuming s to be of infinite size, no more than n characters (including the trailing NUL character) will be converted to s.
Returns the number of characters that would have been written to s if there were enough space.
int vsnprintf_P
char * 
size_t 
const char * 
va_list 
Variant of
that uses a fmt string that resides in program memory.
int vsprintf
char * 
const char * 
va_list 
but takes a variable argument list for the arguments.
int vsprintf_P
char * 
const char * 
va_list 
Variant of
that uses a fmt string that resides in program memory.
Automatically generated by Doxygen 1.8.7 on Tue Aug 12 2014.