He asked me,“do you listen to music every day?&quot什么意思;

He asked me ________with me._百度知道
He asked me ________with me.
A. what the matter isB. what the mater wasC. what’s the matterD. what was the matter答案D,宾要用陈述语序应该B
提问者采纳
D理解基本准确语规则例外what's the matter with...、what's wrong with...宾语句改变序态需致再:He asked me what was wrong with Jack.
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解答He asked me (D. what was the matter) with me.问我解释:本变宾语句要变陈述语序What's the matter?句特例要照原语序行唯要变be词要改式与主句谓语词asked保持态致
D.我们老师讲过了。这种句子不必要用陈述语序。像what' wrong with sb 也不用。记住就行了。。加油哦!
你的理解是正确的。老师有点扯。
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出门在外也不愁He asked me ________with me._百度知道
He asked me ________with me.
A. what the matter isB. what the mater wasC. what’s the matterD. what was the matter答亥揣掇断墀登峨券法猾案是D,宾从不是要用陈述语序吗?那不应该是B吗?
这里不一样,所有what the matter,what's wrong with等等,都是原来的句型,不改成陈述句。【宾语从句,从句要用陈述语序。what做的是从句中的主语,was是系动词,the matter是表语。正好是一个主系表陈述句结构。】另外was就不说了。【欢迎追问,谢谢采纳!~】
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因为这里的what充当宾从的主语,所以这样说仍是陈述语序 又如:What is wrong with you?改为He asked what was wrong with me.而不是He asked 亥揣掇断墀登峨券法猾what wrong was with me.一样道理
答案选D. what was the matter【解释】这是一个宾语从句,从句要用陈述语序。而这里what做的是从句中的主语,was是系动词,the matter是表语。正好是一个主系表陈述句结构。
what’s the matter 不做变化 它本身就是陈述语气... 我的理解是what 本身就是主语以下复制一段老师的话在宾语从句中,what is the matter和what the matter is 都可以用,要看你表达的是什么意思了。这个涉及到matter的意义和用法问题。名词matter可以表示“物质(东西)”、“事情”的意思。例如:
“What is the matter?”the man asked.“这是什么东西?”那个人问。 The man asked what the matter was.那个人问这是什么东西。 在上面后一个句子中,what the mat- ter was是及物动词asked的宾语从句,the matter是宾语从句的主语,was是连系动词,连接代词what既是宾语从句的表语又是宾语从句的连接词。又如: The woman didn't know what the matter was.那位妇女不知道那个东西是什么。 She was surprised to see what the matter was.她看到这个东西很惊讶。 但是名词matter常跟定冠词the连用,the matter可以是“困难”、“毛病”、“麻烦”、“失常”等意思,具有形容词性质,在句子中可作表语或定语。例如: What's the matter(with you)?(你)出了什么事? There's nothing the matter with the machine.这机器没有毛病。 The owner of the shop came up to see what was the matter.店主走近来看发生了什么事。 Is something wrong /the matter with you?你生了什么病?(医生用语) 再看下面句子: The doctor asked what was the matter /wrong(with her).医生问(她)生了什么病。 在上面句子中,what was the matter/ wrong(with her)是及物动词asked的宾语从句,what既是这个宾语从句的主语,也是宾语从句的连接代词, was是连系动词,the matter/ wrong)是表语。
当年教语法课的时候,赫然写着,what's the matter就是个特例,语序一直不变……
B明明是正确的啊,是不是答案有问题啊?
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出门在外也不愁He asked me to _____(borrow
lend) him a dictionary_百度知道
He asked me to _____(borrow
lend) him a dictionary
这两个词的区别是借进和借出,是相对于主语来说的吧? 可这里是相对哪个词来说的呀?he
提问者采纳
在这句话中me充当ask的宾语,又是后面一句话的主语,译为“叫某人做某事”,在这里是相对me来说的.
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相对于me来说的。因为to后面填的是宾语补足语,修饰的是宾语me。
此时是相对我,所以用lend如果是我借他,就该用borrow
he lend i borrow
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出门在外也不愁当前位置:
>>>He asked me if I ______ mad ______ him. [ ]A. at B. ..
He asked me if I ______ mad ______ him.
A. at B. at C. to D. to
题型:单选题难度:中档来源:期中题
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“He asked me if I ______ mad ______ him. [ ]A. at B. ..”主要考查你对&&系动词,介词&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
系动词介词
系动词:亦称连系动词。作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,亦称补语(形容词),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词的分类:1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。3)表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。4)感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。5)变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如:He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)系动词使用的注意事项:系动词本身有一定的词义,不能单独作,后面必须与连用。复习时,必须注意以下几个问题:
1.be是最重要的系动词,不同,be的形式也不同,且有的变化。
a通常表示的特征、状态和身份等,后面接形容词、、名词、短语、、v-ing、及作表语。
b特别要注意“由be+”所构成的与“由be+过去分词”所构成的的区别。
c前者侧重于表示的特征或所处的状态,通常没有由by引导的短语。
如:The door was closed.
后者侧重于强调主语是所示动作的承受者,表示动作;句中可以用由by引导的。如:The door was closed by me.
d还要注意“由be+ V-ing所构成的与“由be+ V-ing”所构成的进行时态的区别。
前者侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态,也可说明主语是什么。如:My job is teaching English.
后者侧重于强调主语正在做某事。如:Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now.
2. 要注意由转化成的系动词。
a表示人体感官的系动词有sound,taste,look,feel,smell等,后面接形容词;
b表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词有become,get,go,turn,run,grow,come,fall,prove等,后面接形容词、名词或 to be+形容词,become后面接单数名词时,名词前要用,turn后面接单数名词时,名词前不用;
c表示主语继续或保持某种身份、或的系动词有continue,keep,remain,stay,stand lie,rest,stay等,后面接表示状态的形容词;
d表示判断的系动词有seem和appear,后面接形容词、to be+名词或形容词、that-clause、不定式等。
3. 要注意系动词的固定搭配。常见的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。
4.要特别注意某些动词既可以做系动词,又可以做实意动词的用法。
系动词部分主要注意:其后要求接形容词,而不是做。遇到这种情况,只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者,然后再对后面的词性和词义做出正确判断和选择。以taste一词为例:
The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.(这种新研制的软饮料尝起来挺独特的。注意:在这句话里,taste做系动词,不能使用进行时,后面接。)
The chef is tasting the fish carefully.(厨师长正在品尝这道鱼。注意:在这句话中,taste做,可以使用,并且后面接副词做。)系动词用法点拨:1.系动词的进行时态应分情况讨论。一般地说,状态系动词无进行时态,而动态系动词有进行时态。但是在某些情况下,状态系动词也有进行时态,表示两个用途:一是表示一种短暂的、反常的状态。如:He is being kind.(一时而不能持久的性质)他装出和蔼可亲的样子。二是表示一种探询口气,使语言客气、生动、亲切。例如:I hope you are keeping well.(语气委婉)我希望你保持健康。Are you feeling any better?(语气亲切)你感觉好了些吗?试比较:Your hand feels cold.(无意识的静态性质。)你的手摸起来冰凉。不可以说:Your hand is feeling cold.(×)但可以说:The doctor is feeling her pulse.(有意识的动态动作)医生正在给她拿脉。The soup tastes good.(静态性质,无进行时)这汤的味道不错。The cook is tasting the soup.(动态动作,有进行时)厨师在尝汤的味道。
总之,系动词有无进行时态应随系动词的意义或其语境变化而变化。我们在概述某一动词的进行时态时,不能笼统地说feel,smell无进行时,应指出其意义及其语用环境。例如smell的用法可见一斑。①smell作“嗅觉”的能力时,虽是实义动词,但指的是一种性质的存在状态不能用于进行时态,常与can, could, be able to连用。The camels can smell the water a mile off.骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水。②指“嗅、闻”的动作时,实义动词,可用于进行时态。The girl is smelling the flower.这姑娘正在闻那朵花。③smell指“含有……气味”,“发出……气味”等事物性质时,半系动词,无进行时态。The dinner smells good.这饭菜闻起来真香。
2.系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问题。某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用,表示渐进过程,其意思是“越来越……”。例如:He is growing taller and taller.他长得越来越高了。Our life is getting better and better.我们的生活是越来越好了。The things are getting worse.情况是越来越糟了。
3.所有半系动词的被动语态要分情况讨论。英语中某动词在作系动词用时,无被动语态,而作实义动词用时,才有被动语态,二者不可混为一谈。例如:不能说:The apple is tasted good.(因为taste此时是系动词,“尝起来”之意,指的是苹果的性质,无被动语态)但我们可以说:The apple is tasted by me.这苹果被我尝了一下。(taste此时指“尝一尝”这一动作,有被动语态)因此,在平时的英语教学和学习之 ,要有意注意半系动词在具体的语言环境中到底是系动词用法还是实义动词用法,要注意区分、识别。
4.瞬间动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题英语中某些表示瞬间意义的系动词不能与“for+时间段,since+时间点,how long until+时间,by + 时间,so far”等直接连用。例如:①不能说:He has become a teacher for 2 years.应改为:He has been a teacher for 2 years.②不能说:He has turned writer since 3 years ago.应改为:He has been a writer since 3 years ago.或It is three years since he turned writer.③不能说:He got angry until his child came back home.应改为:He didn’t get angry until his child came back home.
5.系动词能接几种表语(从句)系动词除了接adj.\n.\prep.短语,某些adv.以外,还可接以下几种表语形式:①能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有:look(看起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),feel(觉得);appear(显得),seem(似乎)。例如:It looks as if we are going to have snow.看样子天要下雪了。He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.他看来好像刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的。She seemed as if (though) she couldn’t understand why Laura was there.看来她好像不能理解为什么劳拉呆在那儿。It sounds to me as though there’s a tap running somewhere.我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。She felt as if her head were splitting.她仿佛觉得她的头要裂开了。The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.那条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。It seems as if it were spring already.好像已是春天了。②可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有:seem, appear, 不可用be, look。如:It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.好像他在工作中犯了严重错误。It appeared that he was talking to himself.好像他在自言自语。③能用不定式作表语的系动词有:be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow.Her job is to look after the children.她的工作是照料孩子们。He seems not to look after the children.他好像不是她的父亲。She looks to be a young girl of twenty year-old.她看起来像是一个20岁的年轻姑娘。He didn’t appear to dislike it.看不出他憎恨此事。My advice proved to be wrong.我的建议证明是错误的。He will grow to like this work gradually.他会逐渐喜欢这个工作的。④能与there连用的系动词有:be, appear, seem.There appeared to be only one room.那儿好像只有一个房间。There seems(to be)no need to go.似乎没有必要走。
6.能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个:seem, appear.举例说明:It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back.= It seems that we can’t get our money back.He seems not to be her father.= He doesn’t seem to be her father.The baby doesn’t appear to be awake.= The baby appears not to be awake.
7.后接作表语的过去分词可构成系表结构能构成系表结构的系动词通常有两个:第一个是常见的be(is, am, was等);第二个是get,口语中常用。当二者作系动词用时,它们均表示一种存在状态,而不表示被动动作;当二者作助动词用时,后接作谓语的过去分词构成被动语态。Be + P.P常可以用get + P.P.来代替,但是并不是be系动词总是可以用get来代替。Get + P.P.系表结构常用于以下两种情况:1)表示偶然的、突发性的、意想不到的被动动作的结果或状态。Last night I got caught in the downpour.昨夜我被雨淋了(表示意想不到)The new car got scratched.新车给刮坏了。(表突发性)2)表示对自身所作的事。如get dressed, get lost等。John got injured while playing football last Saturday.约翰上周星期六踢足球时受了伤。They got married last month.他们上个月结婚了。另外,要注意区分系表结构与被动语态结构的用法。介词:是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词的分类:(1)表示时间,处所:从 自 自从 于 打 到 往 在 当 朝 向 顺着 沿着 随着(2)表示方式:按 照 按照 依 依照 本着 经过 通过 根据 以 凭(3)表示目的:为 为了 为着(4)表示原因:因 由于 因为(5)表示对象,范围:对 对于 把 向 跟 与 同 给 关于(6)表示排除:除 除了 除去 除非(7)表示被动:被 叫 让 给(8)表示比较:比 和 同上述介词中的“着,了,过”是语素,不是动态助词。介词at, in, on的区别:&1. 表示时间,注意以下用法:(1) 表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at。如:I get up at six in the morning. 我早上六点钟起床。He got married at the age of 25. 他 25 岁结婚。(2) 泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间,一般用 in。如:We watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上看电视。He went to Japan in 1946. 他于 1946 去了日本。(3) 若表示星期几或某一特定的日期,则用 on。如:He left here on the fifth of May. 他于 5 月 5 日离开这儿。2. 表示地点、场所、位置等,注意以下用法:(1) 表示某一点位置,用 at。如:We live at No 87 Beijing Road. 我们住在北京路 87 号。The hospital is at the end of the street. 医院在这条街的尽头。与名词所有格连用表示地点,也用 at。如:at my sister’s 在我姐姐家& at the doctor’s 在医务室(2) 表示空间或范围,用 in。如:What’s in the box? 这盒子里有什么?He lives in Paris with his wife. 他同他妻子住在巴黎。但有时两者可换用。如:The meeting was held at [in] the hotel. 会议在宾馆举行。(3) at 与 in 的另一个区别是:at 用于指较小的地方,而 in 用于指较大的地方。如:in Shanghai 在上海&&& at the station 在车站但是,大与小是相对的,有时随着说话者的着眼点不同,大地方也可能用 at(比如把一个大地方看作一个点时)。如:Our plane refuelled at London. 我们的飞机在伦敦加油。We stopped for an hour at Moscow on our way to Paris. 我们在去巴黎的途中在莫斯科停了 1 个小时。(4) 介词 on 用于地点,主要指在某物的表面。如:What’s on the table? 桌上有什么?There’s a wallet lying on the ground. 地上有个钱包。注:在少数搭配中,也用介词 on。如:He works on a farm. 他在农场工作。3. 在某些搭配中,三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关:in the street (英) / on the street (美) 在街上in the road (英) / on the road (美) 在路上in the team (英) / on the team (美) 在这个队at the weekend (英) / on the weekend (美) 在周末at weekends (英) / on weekends (美) 在周末4. 有时三者的差别与搭配习惯和用法有关:in bed / on the bed 在床上in the tree (多指树外之物) / on the tree (多指树本身之物) 在树上
介词besides,but,except的用法区别:&1. 三者都可表示“除外”,但 besides 表示一种累加关系,意指“除了什么之外,还有……”;而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有……”。如:Besides his wife,his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外,他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外,没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。注:在否定句中,besides 也表示“除……之外不再有…… ”,与but, except 同义。如:No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外,没一个人通过考试。2. 关于 but 与 except:(1) 两者都可表示“除……外不再有……”,但含义上略有差别:but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较:All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。(2) 在现代英语中,but 的介词用法十分有限,一般说来,它只能用在下列词语之后:① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等④ all, none 等⑤ who, what, where 等Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。I haven’t told anybody but you. 除你之外,我没告诉任何人。No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。一般说来,若没有出现上述词汇,就不宜使用介词 but,否则可能造成错句。但是 except 却没有以上限制。比较:正:The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。误:The window is never opened but in summer.(3) but 一定不能用于句首,except 通常不用于句首:除我之外每个人都累了。正:Everyone is tired but (except) me.正:Everyone but (except) me is tired.误:But (Except) me, everyone is tired.注:except for 可用于句首,表示 except 的意思:正:Except for me, everyone is tired.3. 关于 except 与 except for:except 主要用来谈论同类的东西,而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西,有时含有惋惜之意。如:All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外,其他的作文都写得很好。His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误。注:若用于句首,则 except for 与 except 同义(但 except 通常不用于句首)。4. 关于 except for 与 but for:except for 主要表示排除,but for 主要表示一种虚拟条件(与虚拟语气连用)。如:Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外,大家都通过了考试。But for my help, she would not have passed the exam. 若不是我的帮助,她就不会通过考试。But for the atmosphere plants would die. 如果没有大气,植物就会死亡。5. besides 除用作介词外,还用作副词,其意为“此外”、“而且”,可用于分句句首(通常用逗号隔开)或句尾。如:I don’ besides, I’m too tired. 我不想去,而且我也太累了。This car belongs to Smith, and he has two others besides. 这部车是史密斯的,此外他还有两部。介词的用法口诀:
早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。
将来时态in。。。以后,小处at大处in。
有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in。
特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in。
介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,
收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、着论。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。
特定时日和“一……就”,on后常接动名词。
年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in。
at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。
工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因。
就……来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类knowtoman。
this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。
接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。
over、under正上下,above、below则不然,
若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。‘
beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。
besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。
同类比较except,加for异类记心间。
原状becauseof,、owingto、dueto表语形容词
under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分。
before、after表一点,ago、later表一段。
before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。
since以来during间,since时态多变换。
与之相比beside,除了lastbutone。
复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。
快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。
butfor否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。
ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。
之后、关于、在。。。。。。方面,有关介词须记全。
in内to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前。
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He asked me ____ with me.
A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. what's the matter D. what was the matter
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“He asked me ____ with me. [ ]A. what the matter is B. wha..”主要考查你对&&宾语从句,直接引语与间接引语&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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宾语从句直接引语与间接引语
宾语从句的概念:
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid, sure, glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。宾语从句的用法:
1、宾语从句的引导词:宾语从句通常由连词that和whether(if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导: 如:We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。 &&&&&&&& I don't know whether he'll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。 &&&&&&&& I don't know who(m) you mean. 我不知道你指谁。 &&&&&&& He asked why he had to go alone. 他问他为什么必须一个人去。 &&&&&&& Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。 &&&&&&& She has got what she wanted. 她要的东西得到了。注:有时介词后可接跟一个宾语从句(但介词后通常不接that和if引导的宾语从句): 如:From what you say, he is right. 根据你所说的,他是对的。有极个别介词(如but,except)可接that引导的宾语从句: 如:She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 她对他什么都不记得,只记得他的头发是黑的。 2、宾语从句与形式宾语it:当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时,通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语从句移至句末: 如:I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。 &&&&&& He hasn't made it known when he is going to get married. 他还没宣布他何时结婚。 3、连词that的省略问题:引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略: 如:She said(that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。&&&&&&&&&I promise you(that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去。注:有时为了强调,that引导的宾语从句可位于句首,此时that不可省略: 如:That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘,我是知道的。4、宾语从句与否定转移当动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时,其否定通常转移到主语: 如:I don't suppose that it is true. 我认为那不是真的。 &&&&&&& I don't imagine that he will come. 我想他不会使用宾语从句特别注意:
一、宾语从句的语序:宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。如:I don't know what they are looking for. &&&&&& Could you tell me when the train will leave? &&&&&& Can you imagine what kind of man he is?二、宾语从句的时态:主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well. 主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。句:She was sorry that she hadn't finished her work on time. 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。如:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. 三、宾语从句的特点:宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成份,多数情况下可以省略。whether和if都可引导宾语从句,但whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it. 定义:
直接引语:直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号。     &&& 例:He said:" It is too late."&间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。     &&& 例:He said it was too late. 直接引语与间接引语的转换:
一、人称代词的变化:&直接引语变间接引语时,人称代词的变化一般规律是:&&&&&&& 第一人称→第三人称;&&&&&&& 第二人称→第一人称;&&&&&&& 第三人称→第三人称。&&&&&&& 简记为“二一、一三、三留”。&例:"I'm thinking of changing my address." he said.&& → He said that he was thinking of changing his address.(I和he指同一个人)&&&&&&&&&&Xiao Ming asked me, "Are you going to the park with us?"&&→ Xiao Ming asked me if I was&going to the park with them.(us与them指相同的人,XiaoMing是其中的一员;me和you指同一个人)&&&&&&&Mr. Li said, "She will attend the meeting."& → Mr. Li saidthatshewouldattendthemeeting.(Mr. Li和she不是同一个人) 但当说话者是第一人称,直接引语中的主语也是第一人称时,不作变化。&&&&&&&&I said to my children, "I will give you some presents on Christmas Day."&&→ I told my children I would give them some presents on Christmas Day. (I为同一说话者)二、时态的变化:直接引语变间接引语时,时态的变化规律是往“过去”相应的时态推移:&&&&&&& 一般现在时→一般过去时,&&&&&&& 一般将来时→过去将来时,&&&&&&& 现在进行时→过去进行时,&&&&&&& 现在完成时→过去完成时,&&&&&&& 一般过去时/过去完成时→过去完成时。 如:My father told me, "He will come back next week."&& → My father told me that he would come back the next week. &&&&&&& She asked me, "Did you finish your homework?"&& → She asked me if I had finished my homework. 注意:直接引语属下列情况时,时态不作变化: 1、直接引语属真理或客观事实时: 如:The teacher said to us, "Light runs much faster than sound."&& → The teacher told us light runs much faster than sound. 2、主句谓语动词是现在或将来某个时态:如:The old man often says, "I joined the Red Army when I was young."&&&→ The old man often says that he joined the Red Army when he was young. 3、直接引语带有具体的过去时间状语时: 如:The politics teacher said to us, "The party was founded in 1921."&& → The politics teacher told us that the party was founded in 1921. 4、直接引语谓语有情态动词:had better,would rather及need,must,oughtto等时:如:He said to me, "I would rather live in the countryside."&& → He told me that he would rather live in the countryside. 5、直接引语为虚拟语气谓语时 e.g.Shesaid,"IwouldbehappyifIwereabird."→ Shesaidthatshewouldbehappyifshewereabird. 三、句型的变化: 直接引语变间接引语时,句型要作适当变化:1、变陈述句为由that引导的从句(that常省略): 如:"I want to improve my English at school," said the child.&& → The child said(that) he wanted to improve his English at school.2、变一般疑问句为由if/whether引导的从句: 如:"Are you sure he will come today?"Jenny asked Helen.&& → Jenny asked Helen if/whether she was sure he would come that day. 3、变选择疑问句为由whether...or.../whether...or not引导的从句: 如:"Is he a director or an actor?" she asked me.&& → She asked me whether he was a director or an actor. 4、变反意问句时,要视说话者的语气而定: (1)表示疑问时,先需去掉后面的反意问句部分,再按一般疑问句变化。 如:"You haven't finished your composition, have you?" the teacher said to me.&& → The teacher asked me if I had finished my composition. (2)表示提醒或警告等特别语气时,先按陈述句变化,再把间接引语前的动词更换为表示相应语气的动词remind,warn等。 如:"You're late for class, aren't you?" the teacher said angrily to me.&& → The teacher warned me that I was late for class. 5、变特殊疑问词开头的问句为原特殊疑问词引导的从句: 如:"When did you come here?" Tom asked Jim.&& → Tom asked Jim when he had gone there. 6、变祈使句为不定式短语,作动词ask,tell,order,beg,request,advise,offer,warn等的宾语补足语,宾语为说话者的对象,选什么动词,视情况而定: 如:The doctor said to the patient, "Don't eat oily food again."&& → The doctor advised the patient not to eat oily food again.7、变感叹句为how或what引出的从句,也可用that引出从句: 如:"How clever a boy he is." the teacher said to the mother.&& → The teacher told the mother how clever a boy he was. 或:The teacher told the mother that he was clever boy. 8、直接引语是多个句子时,按其句型特点,用上面的方法分别处理,并用and连接: 如:Mrs. Smith said, "I don't know the way to the station. How can I get there?"&& → Mrs. Smith said that she didn't know the way to the station and asked me how she could get there. 9、若直接引语是What's the matter?/What has happened?/What's wrong with...? 时,变成间接引语语序不变:如:"What's the matter?" said he.&& → He asked me what was the matter. 直接引语变间接引语词语转化对比:
注意:如果在当时转述别人话,不必要改变时间状语;在原地转述别人的话,也不必改变地点状语,同样,come也不一定要改为go。如:John said just now, "I came here yesterday."&&& →John said just now that he came here yesterday.
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