linux的mount（挂载）命令详解
作者：佚名
字体：[ ] 来源：互联网 时间：06-02 22:09:55
在linux系统中，可以使用mount命令挂载光盘镜像文件、移动硬盘、U盘以及Windows网络共享和UNIX NFS网络共享等
linux是一个优秀的开放源码的操作系统，可以运行在大到巨型小到掌上型各类计算机系统上，随着 linux系统的日渐成熟和稳定以及它开放源代码特有的优越性，linux在全世界得到了越来越广泛的应用。现在许多企业的计算机系统都是由UNIX系 统、Linux系统和Windows系统组成的混合系统，不同系统之间经常需要进行数据交换。下面我根据自己的实际工作经验介绍一下如何在linux系统 下挂接(mount)光盘镜像文件、移动硬盘、U盘以及Windows网络共享和UNIX NFS网络共享。&&　　挂接命令(mount)
　　首先，介绍一下挂接(mount)命令的使用方法，mount命令参数非常多，这里主要讲一下今天我们要用到的。
　　命令格式：
　　mount [-t vfstype] [-o options] device dir
　　其中：
　　1.-t vfstype 指定文件系统的类型，通常不必指定。mount 会自动选择正确的类型。常用类型有：
　　光盘或光盘镜像：iso9660
　　DOS fat16文件系统：msdos
　　Windows 9x fat32文件系统：vfat
　　Windows NT ntfs文件系统：ntfs
　　Mount Windows文件网络共享：smbfs
　　UNIX(LINUX) 文件网络共享：nfs
　　2.-o options 主要用来描述设备或档案的挂接方式。常用的参数有：
　　loop：用来把一个文件当成硬盘分区挂接上系统
　　ro：采用只读方式挂接设备
　　rw：采用读写方式挂接设备
　　iocharset：指定访问文件系统所用字符集
　　3.device 要挂接(mount)的设备。
　　4.dir设备在系统上的挂接点(mount point)。
　　挂接光盘镜像文件
　　由于近年来磁盘技术的巨大进步，新的电脑系统都配备了大容量的磁盘系统，在Windows下许多人都习惯把软件和资料做成光盘镜像文件通过虚拟 光驱来使用。这样做有许多好处：一、减轻了光驱的磨损;二、现在硬盘容量巨大存放几十个光盘镜像文件不成问题，随用随调十分方便;三、硬盘的读取速度要远 远高于光盘的读取速度，CPU占用率大大降低。其实linux系统下制作和使用光盘镜像比Windows系统更方便，不必借用任何第三方软件包。
　　1、从光盘制作光盘镜像文件。将光盘放入光驱，执行下面的命令。
　　　#cp /dev/cdrom /home/sunky/mydisk.iso 或
　　　#dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/home/sunky/mydisk.iso
　　　注：执行上面的任何一条命令都可将当前光驱里的光盘制作成光盘镜像文件/home/sunky/mydisk.iso
　　2、将文件和目录制作成光盘镜像文件，执行下面的命令。
　　　#mkisofs -r -J -V mydisk -o /home/sunky/mydisk.iso /home/sunky/ mydir
　　　注：这条命令将/home/sunky/mydir目录下所有的目录和文件制作成光盘镜像文件/home/sunky/mydisk.iso，光盘卷标为：mydisk
　　3、光盘镜像文件的挂接(mount)
　　　#mkdir /mnt/vcdrom
　　　注：建立一个目录用来作挂接点(mount point)
　　　#mount -o loop -t iso9660 /home/sunky/mydisk.iso /mnt/vcdrom
　　　注：使用/mnt/vcdrom就可以访问盘镜像文件mydisk.iso里的所有文件了。　　　
　　挂接移动硬盘
　　对linux系统而言，USB接口的移动硬盘是当作SCSI设备对待的。插入移动硬盘之前，应先用fdisk &l 或 more /proc/partitions查看系统的硬盘和硬盘分区情况。
　　[root at pldyrouter /]# fdisk -l
　　Disk /dev/sda: 73 dot 4 GB,
　　255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8924 cylinders
　　Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
　　Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
　　/dev/sda1 1 4 32098+ de Dell Utility
　　/dev/sda2 * 5 5 7 HPFS/NTFS
　　/dev/sda3
　　/dev/sda4 93150 f Win95 Ext'd (LBA)
　　/dev/sda5 93118+ 82 Linux swap
　　在这里可以清楚地看到系统有一块SCSI硬盘/dev/sda和它的四个磁盘分区/dev/sda1 -- /dev/sda4, /dev/sda5是分区/dev/sda4的逻辑分区。接好移动硬盘后，再用fdisk &l 或 more /proc/partitions查看系统的硬盘和硬盘分区情况
　　[root at pldyrouter /]# fdisk -l
　　Disk /dev/sda: 73 dot 4 GB,
　　255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8924 cylinders
　　Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
　　Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
　　/dev/sda1 1 4 32098+ de Dell Utility
　　/dev/sda2 * 5 5 7 HPFS/NTFS
　　/dev/sda3
　　/dev/sda4 93150 f Win95 Ext'd (LBA)
　　/dev/sda5 93118+ 82 Linux swap
　　Disk /dev/sdc: 40.0 GB,
　　255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4864 cylinders
　　Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
　　Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
　　/dev/sdc1 1 510
　　/dev/sdc2 511 5 f Win95 Ext'd (LBA)
　　/dev/sdc5 511 3+ b Win95 FAT32
　　大家应该可以发现多了一个SCSI硬盘/dev/sdc和它的两个磁盘分区/dev/sdc1?、/dev/sdc2,其中/dev/sdc5是/dev/sdc2分区的逻辑分区。我们可以使用下面的命令挂接/dev/sdc1和/dev/sdc5。
　　　#mkdir -p /mnt/usbhd1
　　　#mkdir -p /mnt/usbhd2
　　　注：建立目录用来作挂接点(mount point)
　　　#mount -t ntfs /dev/sdc1 /mnt/usbhd1
　　　#mount -t vfat /dev/sdc5 /mnt/usbhd2
　　　注：对ntfs格式的磁盘分区应使用-t ntfs 参数，对fat32格式的磁盘分区应使用-t vfat参数。若汉字文件名显示为乱码或不显示，可以使用下面的命令格式。
　　　#mount -t ntfs -o iocharset=cp936 /dev/sdc1 /mnt/usbhd1
　　　#mount -t vfat -o iocharset=cp936 /dev/sdc5 /mnt/usbhd2
　　linux系统下使用fdisk分区命令和mkfs文件系统创建命令可以将移动硬盘的分区制作成linux系统所特有的ext2、ext3格式。这样，在linux下使用就更方便了。使用下面的命令直接挂接即可。
　　　#mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/usbhd1　　　
　　挂接U盘
　　和USB接口的移动硬盘一样对linux系统而言U盘也是当作SCSI设备对待的。使用方法和移动硬盘完全一样。插入U盘之前，应先用fdisk &l 或 more /proc/partitions查看系统的硬盘和硬盘分区情况。
　　[root at pldyrouter root]# fdisk -l
　　Disk /dev/sda: 73 dot 4 GB,
　　255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8924 cylinders
　　Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
　　Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
　　/dev/sda1 1 4 32098+ de Dell Utility
　　/dev/sda2 * 5 5 7 HPFS/NTFS
　　/dev/sda3
　　/dev/sda4 93150 f Win95 Ext'd (LBA)
　　/dev/sda5 93118+ 82 Linux swap
　　插入U盘后，再用fdisk &l 或 more /proc/partitions查看系统的硬盘和硬盘分区情况。
　　[root at pldyrouter root]# fdisk -l
　　Disk /dev/sda: 73 dot 4 GB,
　　255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8924 cylinders
　　Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
　　Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
　　/dev/sda1 1 4 32098+ de Dell Utility
　　/dev/sda2 * 5 5 7 HPFS/NTFS
　　/dev/sda3
　　/dev/sda4 93150 f Win95 Ext'd (LBA)
　　/dev/sda5 93118+ 82 Linux swap
　　Disk /dev/sdd: 131 MB,
　　9 heads, 32 sectors/track, 888 cylinders
　　Units = cylinders of 288 * 512 = 147456 bytes
　　Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
　　/dev/sdd1 * 1 889 127983+ b Win95 FAT32
　　Partition 1 has different physical/logical endings:
　　phys=() logical=(888, 7, 31)
　　系统多了一个SCSI硬盘/dev/sdd和一个磁盘分区/dev/sdd1,/dev/sdd1就是我们要挂接的U盘。
　　#mkdir -p /mnt/usb
　　注：建立一个目录用来作挂接点(mount point)
　　#mount -t vfat /dev/sdd1 /mnt/usb
　　注：现在可以通过/mnt/usb来访问U盘了, 若汉字文件名显示为乱码或不显示，可以使用下面的命令。
　　#mount -t vfat -o iocharset=cp936 /dev/sdd1 /mnt/usb
　　挂接Windows文件共享
　　Windows网络共享的核心是SMB/CIFS，在linux下要挂接(mount)windows的磁盘共享，就必须安装和使用samba 软件包。现在流行的linux发行版绝大多数已经包含了samba软件包，如果安装linux系统时未安装samba请首先安装samba。当然也可以到 www.samba.org网站下载......新的版本是3.0.10版。
　　当windows系统共享设置好以后，就可以在linux客户端挂接(mount)了，具体操作如下：
　　# mkdir &p /mnt/samba
　　注：建立一个目录用来作挂接点(mount point)
　　# mount -t smbfs -o username=administrator,password=pldy123 //10.140.133.23/c$ /mnt/samba
　　注：administrator 和 pldy123 是ip地址为10.140.133.23 windows计算机的一个用户名和密码，c$是这台计算机的一个磁盘共享
　　如此就可以在linux系统上通过/mnt/samba来访问windows系统磁盘上的文件了。以上操作在redhat as server 3、redflag server 4.1、suse server 9以及windows NT 4.0、windows 2000、windows xp、windows 2003环境下测试通过。
　　挂接UNIX系统NFS文件共享
　　类似于windows的网络共享，UNIX(Linux)系统也有自己的网络共享，那就是NFS(网络文件系统)，下面我们就以SUN Solaris2.8和REDHAT as server 3 为例简单介绍一下在linux下如何mount nfs网络共享。
　　在linux客户端挂接(mount)NFS磁盘共享之前，必须先配置好NFS服务端。
　　1、Solaris系统NFS服务端配置方法如下：
　　　(1)修改 /etc/dfs/dfstab, 增加共享目录
　　　　　　share -F nfs -o rw /export/home/sunky
　　　(2)启动nfs服务
　　　　　　# /etc/init.d/nfs.server start
　　　(3)NFS服务启动以后，也可以使用下面的命令增加新的共享
　　　　　　# share /export/home/sunky1
　　　　　　# share /export/home/sunky2
　　　注：/export/home/sunky和/export/home/sunky1是准备共享的目录
　　2、linux系统NFS服务端配置方法如下：
　　　(1)修改 /etc/exports,增加共享目录
　　/export/home/sunky 10.140.133.23(rw)
　　/export/home/sunky1 *(rw)
　　/export/home/sunky2 linux-client(rw)
　　　注：/export/home/目录下的sunky、sunky1、sunky2是准备共享的目录，10.140.133.23、*、 linux-client是被允许挂接此共享linux客户机的IP地址或主机名。如果要使用主机名linux-client必须在服务端主机 /etc/hosts文件里增加linux-client主机ip定义。格式如下：
　　　10.140.133.23 linux-client
　　　(2)启动与停止NFS服务
　　　/etc/rc.d/init.d/portmap start (在REDHAT中PORTMAP是默认启动的)
　　　/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs start 启动NFS服务
　　　/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs stop 停止NFS服务
　　　注：若修改/etc/export文件增加新的共享，应先停止NFS服务，再启动NFS服务方能使新增加的共享起作用。使用命令exportfs -rv也可以达到同样的效果。
　　3、linux客户端挂接(mount)其他linux系统或UNIX系统的NFS共享
　　　# mkdir &p /mnt/nfs
　　　注：建立一个目录用来作挂接点(mount point)
　　　#mount -t nfs -o rw 10.140.133.9:/export/home/sunky /mnt/nfs
　　　注：这里我们假设10.140.133.9是NFS服务端的主机IP地址，当然这里也可以使用主机名，但必须在本机/etc/hosts文件里增加服务端ip定义。/export/home/sunky为服务端共享的目录。
　　如此就可以在linux客户端通过/mnt/nfs来访问其它linux系统或UNIX系统以NFS方式共享出来的文件了。以上操作在 redhat as server 3、redflag server4.1、suse server 9以及Solaris 7、Solaris 8、Solaris 9 for x86&sparc环境下测试通过。
权限问题：
假設 server 端的使用者 jack, user id 為 1818, gid 為 1818, client 端也有一個使用者 jack，但是 uid 及 gid 是 1818。client 端的 jack&&& 希望能完全讀寫 server 端的 /home/jack 這個目錄。server 端的 /etc/exports 是
&& 這樣寫的：
&&&&& /home/jack *(rw,all_squash,anonuid=1818,anongid=1818)
&& 這個的設定檔的意思是，所有 client 端的使用者存取 server 端 /home/jack 這
&& 目錄時，都會 map 成 server 端的 jack (uid,gid=1818)。我 mount 的結果是
&& 1. client 端的 root 可以完全存取該目錄, 包括讀、寫、殺&&等
&& 2. client 端的 jack (uid,gid=1818) 我可以做：
&&& rm -rf server_jack/*&&& cp something server_jack/&&& mkdir server_jack/a&下面给大家整理下排版较好的本文介绍mount命令的用法，以及技巧光盘镜像文件、移动硬盘及U盘的方法。
一，挂接命令(mount)
挂接(mount)命令的使用方法。
命令格式：&
代码如下:mount [-t vfstype] [-o options] device dir&其中：1.-t vfstype 指定文件系统的类型，通常不必指定。mount 会自动选择正确的类型。常用类型有：光盘或光盘镜像：iso9660DOS fat16文件系统：msdosWindows 9x fat32文件系统：vfatWindows NT ntfs文件系统：ntfsMount Windows文件网络共享：smbfsUNIX(LINUX) 文件网络共享：nfs
2.-o options 主要用来描述设备或档案的挂接方式。常用的参数有：loop：用来把一个文件当成硬盘分区挂接上系统ro：采用只读方式挂接设备rw：采用读写方式挂接设备iocharset：指定访问文件系统所用字符集3.device 要挂接(mount)的设备。4.dir设备在系统上的挂接点(mount point)。
二，挂接光盘镜像文件linux系统下制作和使用光盘镜像比Windows系统更方便，不必借用任何第三方软件包。
1、从光盘制作光盘镜像文件。将光盘放入光驱，执行下面的命令。
代码如下:#cp /dev/cdrom /home/sunky/mydisk.iso 或#dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/home/sunky/mydisk.iso
说明：执行上面的任一命令，即可将当前光驱中的光盘，制作成光盘镜像文件：/home/sunky/mydisk.iso。
2、将文件和目录制作成光盘镜像文件，执行下面的命令。&代码如下:#mkisofs -r -J -V mydisk -o /home/sunky/mydisk.iso /home/sunky/ mydir
说明：此命令将/home/sunky/mydir目录下所有的目录和文件，制作成光盘镜像文件/home/sunky/mydisk.iso，光盘卷标为：mydisk。
3、光盘镜像文件的挂接(mount)&代码如下:#mkdir /mnt/vcdrom
说明：创建一个目录用作挂接点(mount point)&代码如下:#mount -o loop -t iso9660 /home/sunky/mydisk.iso /mnt/vcdrom
说明：使用目录/mnt/vcdrom，即可访问盘镜像文件mydisk.iso中的所有文件。
三，挂接移动硬盘
对linux系统而言，USB接口的移动硬盘是当作SCSI设备对待的。插入移动硬盘之前，应先用fdisk &l 或 more /proc/partitions查看系统的硬盘和硬盘分区情况。&代码如下:[root at pldyrouter /]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 73 dot 4 GB,
bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8924 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 1 4 32098+ de Dell Utility/dev/sda2 * 5 5 7 HPFS/NTFS/dev/sda3
Linux/dev/sda4 93150 f Win95 Ext'd (LBA)/dev/sda5 93118+ 82 Linux swap
由以上信息，得知系统有一块SCSI硬盘/dev/sda和它的四个磁盘分区/dev/sda1 -- /dev/sda4, /dev/sda5是分区/dev/sda4的逻辑分区。接好移动硬盘后，再用fdisk &l 或 more /proc/partitions查看系统的硬盘和硬盘分区情况&代码如下:[root at pldyrouter /]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 73 dot 4 GB,
bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8924 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 1 4 32098+ de Dell Utility/dev/sda2 * 5 5 7 HPFS/NTFS/dev/sda3
Linux/dev/sda4 93150 f Win95 Ext'd (LBA)/dev/sda5 93118+ 82 Linux swapDisk /dev/sdc: 40.0 GB,
bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4864 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdc1 1 510
HPFS/NTFS/dev/sdc2 511 5 f Win95 Ext'd (LBA)/dev/sdc5 511 3+ b Win95 FAT32
由以上信息可知，多了一个SCSI硬盘/dev/sdc和它的两个磁盘分区/dev/sdc1?、/dev/sdc2，其中/dev/sdc5是/dev/sdc2分区的逻辑分区。
可以使用如下命令挂接/dev/sdc1和/dev/sdc5。&代码如下:#mkdir -p /mnt/usbhd1#mkdir -p /mnt/usbhd2&说明：建立目录用来作挂接点(mount point)&代码如下:#mount -t ntfs /dev/sdc1 /mnt/usbhd1#mount -t vfat /dev/sdc5 /mnt/usbhd2&说明：对ntfs格式的磁盘分区应使用-t ntfs 参数，对fat32格式的磁盘分区应使用-t vfat参数。若汉字文件名显示为乱码或不显示，可以使用如下命令格式：&代码如下:#mount -t ntfs -o iocharset=cp936 /dev/sdc1 /mnt/usbhd1#mount -t vfat -o iocharset=cp936 /dev/sdc5 /mnt/usbhd2&linux系统下使用fdisk分区命令和mkfs文件系统创建命令，可以将移动硬盘的分区制作成linux系统所特有的ext2、ext3格式。这样，在linux下使用就方便多了。
使用如下命令直接挂接即可：&代码如下:#mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/usbhd1
四，挂接U盘
和USB接口的移动硬盘一样对linux系统而言U盘也是当作SCSI设备对待的。使用方法和移动硬盘完全一样。插入U盘之前，应先用fdisk &l 或 more /proc/partitions查看系统的硬盘和硬盘分区情况。&代码如下:[root at pldyrouter root]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 73 dot 4 GB,
bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8924 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 1 4 32098+ de Dell Utility/dev/sda2 * 5 5 7 HPFS/NTFS/dev/sda3
Linux/dev/sda4 93150 f Win95 Ext'd (LBA)/dev/sda5 93118+ 82 Linux swap
插入U盘后，再用fdisk &l 或 more /proc/partitions查看系统的硬盘和硬盘分区情况。&代码如下:[root at pldyrouter root]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 73 dot 4 GB,
bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8924 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 1 4 32098+ de Dell Utility/dev/sda2 * 5 5 7 HPFS/NTFS/dev/sda3
Linux/dev/sda4 93150 f Win95 Ext'd (LBA)/dev/sda5 93118+ 82 Linux swapDisk /dev/sdd: 131 MB,
bytes9 heads, 32 sectors/track, 888 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 288 * 512 = 147456 bytesDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdd1 * 1 889 127983+ b Win95 FAT32Partition 1 has different physical/logical endings:phys=() logical=(888, 7, 31)
系统多了一个SCSI硬盘/dev/sdd和一个磁盘分区/dev/sdd1。
/dev/sdd1就是我们要挂接的U盘，用如下命令挂载：&代码如下:#mkdir -p /mnt/usb&注：建立一个目录用来作挂接点(mount point)&代码如下:#mount -t vfat /dev/sdd1 /mnt/usb
说明：现在可以通过/mnt/usb来访问U盘了，若汉字文件名显示为乱码或不显示，请使用如下命令访问：&代码如下:#mount -t vfat -o iocharset=cp936 /dev/sdd1 /mnt/usb
到这里，有关linux中挂载命令mount的用法就介绍完了，建议朋友多动手，自己练习下上面的例子，有助于对内容的理解。
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2014年湖北卷英语部分试题及解析
22:56&&作者：中学部高中英语研发组&&来源：新东方武汉学校&&字号：|
一、&&&&&& 听力（略）
二、&&&&&& 多项选择
21. Her ______ for writing was a desire for
women to get the right to higher education.
A talent &&&&&&& B
motivation&&&
C qualification&&
D technique
A talent 天才，才干&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B
motivation 动机&&&
C qualification 资格，条件&& &&&&&& D
technique 技巧，技术
【解析】本题考查的是名词辨析。
她写作的动机是出于对女性获得高等教育权利的渴望。
【难度说明】中等
22. When Richard said, “you are much more
agreeable and prettier now.” Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected _______.
contribution&& B compliment&& C comparison&
&&&&&&&& D command
【解析】本题考查的是名词辨析。
contribution 贡献&& &&&&&&&& B compliment 恭维，称赞&
C comparison 对比 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&& D command 命令，指挥
当瑞秋说：“你现在变得更讨人喜爱，更漂亮了。”琼听到这突如其来的赞美，脸红了。
【难度说明】容易
23. Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he
started to run down the hill, but ________ and went down on his hands and knees
in the melting snow.
A sank&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B skied& &&&&&&&&&&&& C
slipped& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D
【解析】本题考查的是动词辨析。
A sank 下沉&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B
skied 投向空中 &&&&&&&&&&
C slipped 滑倒&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D
signalled 发信号
看到一大群人朝他涌来，他开始往山下跑，但他滑倒了并跪在正融化的积雪上。
【难度说明】难
24.The old rules have to be _______ because they
only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred
years ago.
A revised&&
&&&&&&& B observed&& &&&&&&&&&&& C
established&& &&&&&&&& D developed
【解析】本题考查的是动词辨析。
revised 修改，改进& &&&&&&&&&&&& B
observed 观察，遵守&
C established 建立&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D
developed 发展
旧的规则不得不修改，因为它们只适用于一百年前制定它们的环境。
【难度说明】中等
25. I’ve been trying to phone Charles all
evening, but there must be something wr I can’t seem to
A get along&&
&&&&&&&&&&& B get in&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C
get off&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&& D get through
【解析】本题考查的是动词短语辨析。
A get along进展& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B
get in进入，陷入&&
C get off动身，脱下&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D
get through通过，度过，接通电话
我已经给查尔斯打了一晚上电话，但网络一定出了问题，我似乎不能接通电话。
【难度说明】中等
26 Is this your necklace，Mary？ I _______ it when I was
cleaning the bathroom this morning.
A went for&&
&&&&&&&&&&&& B looked after& &&&&&&&& C
dealt with&& &&&&&&&&&& D came across
【解析】本题考查的是动词短语辨析。
A &went for 努力争取，对..适用&&&&&&& B looked after照顾&
C &dealt with处理&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D
came across偶然发现
玛丽，这是你的项链吗？我在打扫厕所时无意发现它。
【难度说明】简单
27.What was so _______
about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon
bare-footed.
A obvious& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B
impressive& &&&&&&&&&&& C essential&&& &&&&&&&&&& D awful
【解析】本题考查的是形容词辨析。
A obvious 明显的& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B
impressive印象深刻的
C essential基本的，必要的& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D& awful讨厌的，可怕的
关于Jasmine Westland的胜利，令人印象深刻的是她光着脚第一个冲向了终点。
【难度说明】简单
28. Instead of blaming the child who had broken
the vase, she gave him a ______ smile and let him go.
A wild&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B
tolerant& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C grateful& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D cautious
【解析】本题考查的是形容词辨析。
A wild野生的 &&&&&&&&& B tolerant宽容的& && C
grateful感激的& && D 谨慎的
她没有指责打破花瓶的男孩，而是给他一个宽容的微笑，让他走了。
【难度说明】中等
29 Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when
Albert said ______, “Don’t be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her.
A sharply&&
&&&&&&& B indirectly&& &&&&&&&&&&& C
guiltily&&& &&&&&& D dreadfully
【解析】本题考查的是副词辨析。
A sharply 尖锐地& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B
indirectly间接地&&
C guiltily 内疚地&& &&&&&&&& D
dreadfully可怕地
塞布丽娜刚说完，艾伯特就尖锐地说“别那么小气，” 并用手指指着警告她
【难度说明】难
30 Check carrots, potatoes, onions and any other
vegetables _____ and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of
A in store&&
&&&&&&& B in demand& &&&&&&&&&&& C
on sale&& &&&&&&& D on loan
【解析】本题考查的是介词短语辨析。
A in store 贮藏&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B
in demand 有需求
C on sale 廉价出售& &&&&&&&&&&&& D
on loan借用，借贷
检查储藏着地胡萝卜，土豆，洋葱和其他蔬菜，然后立即使用或者扔掉有腐烂迹象的蔬菜
【难度说明】中等
三、&&&&&& 完形填空
restaurant business failed, we headed north in a camping truck to Texas, hoping
to have a “fresh start”.
the ___31___ of Palo Duro Canyon (峡谷) State Park, I ___32_ a job advertisement
hiring park hosts. The position offered a ___33_ , permanent campsite in the
park, and __34___, the hosts served as a link between the park’s guests and the
rangers（护林人）.It was the
perfect solution: a rent-free place to reorganize our lives. We entered the
park and I made an ____35__ for the following day,
park was__36__ , so it took us some time to find an available site. That
evening, as we finished our dinner, my wife saw two large skunks(& 臭鼬& )walking toward our table. We __37___ climbed
onto the table and, for the next four hours, waited for them to ___38___ our
survived that night, we were __39___ that everything else would be all right.
The next day we met with the people who ran the park. They explained our
___40___ and gave us a beautiful campsite.
evening, __41____ , we learned about the&
canyon _42___. They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping
truck violently, and we lay __43___ in the dark until the winds died away.
the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck and ___45__ the
little money my wife ___46__ by substitute teaching. Building a successful
business and then losing it had left very little time for building a successful
___47___. For a time after our business __48___ I thought I might lose my
family as well.
in the tiny __49___with no television, we sat close together reading and
talking. One evening, standing under a jeweled shy, I found myself ___50___ for
al the hardship. We had walked the trails and climbed the canyon walls. We had
become a family!
31. A. back&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. entrance&&&&&&&&&& C. centre&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. edge
32. A. answered&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. notice &&&&&&&&&&&& C. published&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.
33. A. free&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. safe&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. convenient&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. beautiful
34. A. in return&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. in turn&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. in sheet&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. in time
35. A. attempt&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. appear&&&&&&&&&&&& C. agreement&&&&&&& D. appointment
36. A. quite&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. ideal&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. crowed&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. dangerous
37. A. calmly&&&& &&&&&&&& B.
eventually&& && C. immediately& & D. repeatedly
38. A. search&&&& &&&&&&&& B.
pass&&&&&&&
C. leave&&&&&&& &&&&&& D. attack
39. A. aware&&&&& &&&&&& B.
confident&& &&& C. determined&&
D. satisfied
40. A. responsibilities &&&& B. requirements & C. circumstances& &&&& D. conditions
41. A. meanwhile&& &&&&&& B.
therefore&&& & C. moreover&&& &&&&&&& D. however
42. A. winds&&&&&& &&&&& B.
snows&&&&& & C. woods&&&&&& &&&&& D. trails
43. A. nothing&&&&& &&&&& B.
morning&&&& C. quarrelling&& && D.
44.A. After&&&&&&& &&&&& B.
Beyond&&&& & C. During&&&&&& &&&&& D. Between
45.A. live on&&&&&& &&&&& B.
hand out&&& && C. give away&&& &&&&&& D. put aside
46.A. raised&&&&&& &&&&& B.
posted&&&&&
C. earned&&&&&& &&&&& D. borrowed
47.A. image&&&&&& &&&&&& B.
family&&&&& && C. career&&&&&&& &&&& D. business
48.A. declined&&&& &&&&&& B.
expanded&&& C. failed&&&&&&& &&&&&& D.
49.A. camp&&&&&&& &&&& B.
house&&&&&& C. park&&&&&&&
&&&&&& D. truck
50.A. desperate &&&&&&&&&&&& B. ready &&&&&&&&&&&& &C. suitable&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. thankful &
【答案】：
[31]. B&&&&&&&& [32]. B&&&&&&&&& [33]. A&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& [34]. A&&&&&&&&& [35].
[36]. C&&&&&&&& [37]. C&&&&&&&&& [38]. C&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& [39]. B&&&&&&&&& [40].
&&& [41]. D& &&&&&& [42]. A&&&&&&&&& [43].
D&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& [44]. C&&&&&&&&& [45]. A
[46]. C&&&&&&&& [47]. B&&&&&&&&& [48]. C&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& [49]. D&&&&&&&&& [50].
【解析】：
【语篇解读】
本篇完形填空是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，讲述了一个家庭生意失败之后重新开
始的故事。文章通过这个故事阐明一个道理：我们在追寻事业成功的时候，
可能会失去家庭，因此我们要学会兼顾我们的事业和家庭。
[31]. 考查名词。从后文We entered the
park 可知，应该是在公园门口（entrance)，故选B。
[32]. 考查动词。从前文when our
restaurant business failed和hoping to have a
“fresh start”可知，作者是在寻找工作，注意到一个招聘广告，符合语境，故选noticed。
[33]. 考查名词。后文提到a rent-free
place，可知campsite是免费的（free)，故选free。
[34]. 考查介词短语。A项in return 作为回报；B项in turn反过来，反之；C项缩短；D项及时。根据填空处前文句可知要取得这个工作，需要做公园主持人来作为回报，故选in turn.
[35]. 考查名词。A. attempt 尝试；B. appeal 吸引；C. agreement同意，协议；D. appointment约定，预约。前文知道作者看到招聘广告，明天预约（make an appointment)应聘，符合语境，应选appointment。
[36]. 考查形容词。A.quiet安静的； B.ideal 理想的；C.crowded 拥挤的；D. 根据后文so it took us some
time to find an available site,可知人多很难找住的位置，所以选crowded.
[37]. 考查副词。文中提到two large
skunks（臭鼬）,所以马上躲避。故选immediately。
[38]. 考查动词。由上文立即躲避臭鼬，可知他们很希望它尽快离开，故选leave。
[39]. 考查形容词。由前文having
survived that night,可知他们对于后面的时间有了自信，故选confident。
[40]. 考查名词。由前文I made an
appointment for the following day和 the next day we met with the people who ran the park. 可知他们去应聘了，管理人员告诉他们职位的职责，符合语境，故选responsibilities.
[41]. 考查连词。由前文everything
else would be all right和后文rocking our little
camping truck violently...until the winds died away可知，前后情况是一种相反的场景，故选转折连词however.
[42]. 考查了名词。由后文They were
strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently...until the winds
died away, 可知是wind(复现)，故选winds.
[43]. 考查动词。由前文rocking our
little camping truck violently可知卡车（truck） 在摇动(shake），故选shaking.
[44]. 考查介词。A. after 在......之后; B.beyond 超越......范围；C.during 在......期间；D.Between在两者之间，应该是指后续的几周期间，故选during。
[45]. 考查动词短语。A. live on 靠...生活; 以...为食; B.hand out 分发；give &&&& away &&& 捐赠，泄露；put
aside 存储，留出，搁置
[46]. 考查动词。根据上文，生意失败，所以作者的妻子要靠教书来挣钱，&& 故选earned。
&&& [47]. 考查名词。根据后文I might lose my family as well 和building a &&&& successful &&& business and then losing it 看出作者留给家的时间很少，复现，故& 选family。
[48]. 考查动词。根据文章第一段第一句when our restaurant business failed 可知，填failed, 复现。
[49]. 考查名词。由文章第五段our little camping truck，可知填truck, tiny是small的同义替换，考查复现。
[50]. 考查形容词。由前文可知作者找到工作和后文we had become a family可知，作者工作、家庭都有收获，所以作者感激，故选thankful.
【难度说明】：中等。
四、阅读理解
Before I had
my son, I spent two years working with children with disabilities. I learned
that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster. Coming up
against their behavior could only make the job harder and their behavior more
extreme. I found something that worked, though.
There was a
very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident
with the children was asked to take charge of him. One day the boy joined a
session in the room next to mine. His appearance created an atmosphere of
tension. He spent the entire session running around, hitting and kicking, and
destroying property.
I was in the
craft room working with some other children when my co-worker told me that this
boy’s teacher was in tears, and could not get control of the situation. As we
were talking, the boy ran in. I told my co-worker that I would take care of
I closed the
door. He was full of energy, throwing things around and making a huge mess. But
I could see that he was doing all these to annoying me. He needed connection,
and this was the only way he knew how to ask for it. So I sat back down and
kept quiet. Then he slowed down and began making a rocket. I talked to him
about it. We continued like this for a few minutes before I slipped into the
conversation:
&&& “So what happened today?”
&It was purely a question, no blame or anger in
my tone, I believe that if I had criticized him, the gate that was slowly
opening would have shut firmly closed. He told me that the teacher didn’t let
him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked. He
also admitted that he had enjoyed making her run around and saw it as a game. I
explained that his teacher had not seen it as a game and was very upset. This
again was stated simply as a fact. I suggested that next time he had a session,
he talk about what he hoped to do at the start, which might be easier for
everyone. He agreed and was quiet for a moment. Then he looked at me with tears
in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to
apologize.
51. The boy
made trouble for his teacher because he______.
A. was blamed
for creating an air of tension
B. was made
to do things against his will
C. was told
not to yell at other children
D. was accused of destroying property
【答案】 B
&& 【解析】 细节理解题。根据题干要求The boy made
trouble for his teacher && because
he______.可以定位文中最后一段 He
told me that the teacher didn’t let & him
do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked. 因&& 此，选B. was made to do things against his
will。答案在文中较后面的部分， 考生容易受到前面文章内容的影响
&& 【难度说明】：难
52. Why didn’t
the author do anything about the boy’s bad behavior at first?
&&&& A. She hadn’t thought of a coping
B. She was
tired of shouting and threats.
C. She didn’t
mind the huge mess at all.
D. She didn’t
want to make it worse.
【答案】 D
&& 【解析】细节理解题。题干问作者为什么一开始不去纠正这个男孩的不良行& 为？答案可定位至第四段第二至三行But I could
see that he was doing all &&&&&& these to
annoy me.He needed connection,and this was the only way he knew how &&&&& to ask for it.So I sat back down and kept
quiet.可得出答案为 D.
She didn’t want &&& to make it worse.同时，作者处理这件事的方式与全文主题句I
learned that &&&&& shouting and threats of
punishment would result in a disaster相对应。
&& 【难度说明】：中等
author managed to get the boy to talk to her by__________
A. avoiding
making critical remarks
B. describing
his teacher’s feelings
C. giving him
a good suggestion
D. playing
games with him
【答案】 A
【解析】细节理解题。题干问作者通过什么方式使得男孩愿意交流自己的想法？文章第六段的第二句句给出了答案I
believe that if I had criticized him, the gate that was slowly opening would
have shut firmly closed.答案为A项
Avoiding making critical remarks.
& && 【难度说明】：中等
54. Why did
the boy have tears in his eyes in the end?
A. He was sad
for the author’s misunderstanding.
fearful of the author’s warning.
regretful about his behavior.
sorry about his reputation.
【答案】 C
【解析】细节理解题。题干意思为：为什么这个男孩最后哭了。根据文章最后一段最后一句Then
he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to
find his teacher to apologize可知：男孩要向老师道歉，因此为自己之前的行为感到后悔，所以答案为C. He was
regretful about his behavior
&&& 【难度说明】：简单
newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called
the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build. At a height of almost
310 metres, it is the tallest building in Europe. The Shard has completely
changed the appearance of London. However, not everyone thinks that it is a
change for the better.
The Shard was
designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano. When he began designing
the Shard for London, Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a
spire (尖顶). He wanted
the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city. The sides of the building
aren’t regular. So the building has an unusual shape. It looks like a very
thin, sharp piece of broken glass. And that is how the building got the name:
the Shard. Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great
London tradition. The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London
or the tall masts (桅杆) of the
ships that were once on the river Thames.
The Shard has
87 floors. At the top, there is an observatory. At the moment the building is
empty, but eventually there will be a five-star hotel. There will also be top
quality restaurants, apartments and offices.
building work began, a lot of people didn’t want the Shard though the plans
were approved. Now they are still unhappy about the Shard. Some critics say
that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York, but not in
London. They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape. But
that is the only thing. There is no decoration, only flat surfaces. The
Egyptians did that 4,500 years ago. They also think the Shard is too big for
London. It destroys the beauty of the city.
Other critics
don’t like what the Shard seems to represent. They say that the Shard shows how
London is becoming more unequal. Only very rich people can afford to buy the
expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel. But the people who live
near the Shard are among the poorest in London. So the Shard seems a symbol of
the division in society between the very rich and the poor.
The Shard now
dominates the London skyline. It is not certain, however, that ordinary London
citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.
55. London’s
newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of ______.
A. its cost
B. its size
C. its shape
D. its height
【答案】 C
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干为什么伦敦这个新的摩天大楼被叫做Shard。我们可以将答案定位至第二段第四排到第五排内容：So
the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin,sharp piece of
broken glass.And that is how the building got the name: Shard.可以得知答案为C项。
【难度说明】：简单
56. When he
designed the Shard, Piano wanted it to ______.
London’s skyline
B. inherit
London’s tradition
C. imitate
the Egyptian style
D. attract
potential visitors
【答案】 B
【解析】细节理解题。题干问及Piano设计这座大楼的设计理念，可以定位到第二段的倒数第二句话：Piano
says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition所以答案为B项inherit
London’s tradition。
&&& 【难度说明】：简单
critics who refer to social division think the Shard ______.
A. is only
preferred by the rich
away from the poor area
intended for wealthy people
D. is popular
only with Londoners
【答案】 C
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干为什么批评者认为Shard造成了社会（贫富）&&& 分离，可以定位到第三句Only very rich
people can afford to buy the expensive &&& private
apartments and stay in the hotel. 所以答案为C项is intended for wealthy && people.
&&&&&& 【难度说明】：中等
would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Shard:
Cheers and Claps
B. The Shard:
Work of a Great Architect
C. The Shard:
New Symbol of London?
D. The Shard:
A Change for the Better?
【答案】 D
【解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章论述的是伦敦新的摩天大楼的建造所带来的&&&&&& 争议。有人认为它是英国传统的传承，是一项很好的变化。但也有人提出质&&&&& 疑。因此答案选D. The Shard: A Change for the
【难度说明】：中等
&Working with a group
of baboons(狒狒）in the
Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Development of Zoology, Cambridge
University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar
food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another
baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for
themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter
presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a
poisonous snake.
that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but
the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform
the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did. In
effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do
what the experienced baboon did.
The same held
true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals
learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even
though they spent more time watching.
This mismatch
between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays
a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been
ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are
significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive(认知） tasks not because they
aren’t clever enough to solve them, but because they are too shy or nervous to
use the social information.
The findings
may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies. If some
individuals are unable to get information from others because they don’t
associate with the knowledgeable individuals, or they are too shy to use the
information once they have it, information may not travel between all group
members, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.
59.What is
the first paragraph mainly about?
significance of Dr. Carter’s research.
purpose of Dr. Carter’s research.
C. The design
of Dr. Carter’s research.
results of Dr. Carter’s research.
【答案】 C
【解析】段落大意题。通过第一段最后一句Dr.
Carter presented them either &&& with a
novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake等细节& 可知，第一段主要论述了Dr. Carter进行研究的设计，所以答案选C.The
of Dr. Carter’s research.
【难度说明】：中等
60. According
to the research, which baboons are more likely to complete a new & learning task?
A. Those that
feel anxious about learning.
B. Those that
like to work independently.
C. Those that
can avoid potential risks.
D. Those that
have more experience.
【答案】 A
【解析】细节理解题。通过第三段第二句The
anxious individuals learnt the
observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they &&&&&& spent more time watching可知，答案选A.
Those that feel anxious about &&& learning.
【难度说明】：中等
61.Which best
illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?
baboons perform new tasks but don’t concentrate.
baboons observe others but don’t follow them.
baboons are shy but active in social activities.
baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.
【答案】 B
【解析】猜词题。通过第四段第一句This
mismatch，得知，这种mismatch&&&&&& 的行为应在上文第三段已经提及，因此可以定位到第三段The anxious &&&&&& individuals learnt the task by observing
others while those who were relaxed did & not,
even though they spent more time watching.所以答案选B. Some baboons &&& observe others but don’t follow them.
【难度说明】：中等
Carter’s findings indicate that our culture might be formed &&& through_______.
A. traveling
between social groups
understanding different people
C. learning
from each other
D. storing
information
【答案】 C
【解析】推断题。通过最后一段最后一句If
some individuals are unable to get && information
from others because they don’t associate with the knowledgeable & individuals, or they are too shy to use the
information once they have it, & information
may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation && of a culture based on social learning.可知人们是在相互学习、交流中而形成的&&&& 文化。因此答案选 C. learning from each other
【难度说明】：中等
You’ve flown halfway
you’ve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or
Thailand seems t so what on earth is there to do here? You
consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair above the
&&&&&& It was a long journey from Bangkok to
Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out, it
took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.
Huaplee is located just
south of Hua Hin, about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok, down the west side
of the Gulf of Thailand. Not many tourists find this place, and the ones that
do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.
an apparent laziness that surrounds you here. It’s what this place offers, and
it’s free of charge. The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow
everything down. You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long
rest. You sit there and watch the sea.
It’s early afternoon, so
the cook comes out and asks what you’d like to eat this evening. Before long
he’s rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that
you ordered—every meal fresh and to order. No menu here.
is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm, clear blue sea.
There’s no street noise. The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.
For now you just count
your blessings (福祉), listing
them in the sand with your toe (脚趾). You don’t have to worry about being late for
work. You don’t have to do anything.
The beach to your right
stretches off to the horizon (地平线), slowly
narrowing to nothingness only to re-emerge again on your left, now steadily
widening until it covers the chair beneath you. Sand to your left and sand to
it’s unbroken, endless. No start, no end, just sand, sun, and
peace. Step off it, and you re-enter the world of traffic, stress, work, and
you’re the type who can’t sit still for more than ten minutes, but you’re on
Huaplee Lazy Beach now and, in the right frame of mind, it stretches all the
way around the world.
“How could it take me so
long to find it?” you wonder.
63. When the
author first went to Huaplee Beach, _______________ .
A. he had difficulty in finding it
B. he became sensitive to smell
C. he failed too sort himself out
D. he found it unworthwhile
【答案】 A
【解析】推理判断题。题干意思为：当作者第一次去Huaplee Beach的时候，&&&&&& _________。可以定位到第二段，说明找到作者找到这个地方耗时很长，第&& 三段中也有与此呼应的地方：Not many
tourists find this place. 可知这个地方&&&&&& 不好找，所以答案为A项。
【难度说明】：中等
64. What is
special about the food service at Huaplee Beach?
A. Quick delivery.
B. Self service.
C. Free food.
D. No menu.
【答案】 D
【解析】细节理解题。题干意思为：Huaplee Beach的饮食服务有何特别之处？&&& 可以定位到文章涉及饮食的段落，即第五段。根据该段最后一句No
menu here&&& 可知，答案为D项。
【难度说明】：简单
65. In the
author’s opinion, a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he ______.
A. draws pictures in the sand
B. plans a detailed schedule
C. forgets his daily routine
D. sits in a beach chair
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。题干意思为：在作者看来，一名游客能够最好地享&& 受Huaplee Beach当他____________的时候。可以定位到文章中表示游客极&&&&& 其享受的文段，即第七段：For now you
just count your blessings , listing them in &&& the
sand with you toe. You don’t have to worry about being late for work. You &&&&&& don’t have to do anything，以及第八段：No
start, no end, just sand, sun, and &&&&& peace.
Step off it, and you re-enter the world of traffic, stress, work, and hurry.从&&&&& 其中的表述可以逆向推出这些享受的时光的反面是：worry about
being late &&&&&& traffic,
stress, work and hurry，而这些归结起来，即为人们日常的例&&&&& 行公事，而要享受Huaplee
Beach则需要暂时抛开这些，即答案为C项。
【难度说明】：难
66. What does the
author imply by his question at the end of the passage?
A. He should have come to the place earlier.
B. He shouldn’t have spent so much time on
C. He should have understood the wonder of
D. He shouldn’t have counted the blessings.
【答案】 A
【解析】推理判断题。题干意思为：文章结尾处作者的问题所暗含的意思是 什么？。可以快速定位到最后一句:“How could it
take me so long to find it?”& 结合全篇文章所讲的去该“世外桃源”旅游的舒适惬意之感，可知作者是在感 叹与Huaplee Beach“相见恨晚”的感觉。所以答案为A项。
【难度说明】：中等
For most city people,
the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or
interest that Americans afford trains, jets, and even bicycles. Dr. Christopher
Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no
downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be
impossible. In that sense, they argue, the elevator’s role in American history
has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk, the
car and the elevator have been locked on a “secret war” for over a century,
with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally(水平地), and elevators pushing
them toward life in close groups of towering vertical(垂直的) columns.
If we tend to ignore the
significance of elevators, it might be because riding in them tends to be such
a brief, boring, and even awkward experience—one that can involve un expectedly
meeting people with whom we have nothing in common, and an unpleasant awareness
of the fact that we’re hanging from a cable in a long passage.
In a new book, Lifted, German journalist and cultural
studies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this
experience, studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind
and finding that riding in an elevator has never been a total comfortable
experience, “After 150 years, we are still not used to it,” Bernard said, “ We
still have not exactly learned to cope with the mixture of closeness and
displeasure.” That mixture, according to Bernard, sets the elevator ride apart
from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our
Today, as the world’s
urban population explodes, and cities become more crowded, taller, and more
crowded, America’s total number of elevators—900,000 at last count, according
to Elevator World magazine’s “2012
Vertical Transportation Industry”—are a force that’s becoming more important
than ever. And for the people who really, really love them, it seems like high
time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are.
What does the underline word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
&&&&&& A. The enthusiasm for transport vehicles
&&&&&& B. The desire for a remarkable machine
&&&&&& C. The particular interest of experts
&&&&&& D. The general view of elevator
【答案】 D
&&& 【解析】代词指代题。题干意思为：第一段中的划线词“this”指的是什么？ 可&&&&& 以快速定位到第一段划线词所在句：Dr.
Christopher Wilk is a member of a
group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. 大意为：&&&& “该教授认为这是误解”，而this通常指代上文的事物，因此可以定位到上一&& 句，即文章的首句：For most city people,…。从该句可以看出大多数都市人&&&&& 认为电梯是unremarkable（平凡的），可知教授认为大多数人的这种认识是有&&&& 误的，即答案为D项。
【难度说明】：中等
The author’s purpose in mentioning cars is&&&&&&& .
&&&&&& A. to explain people’s preference for
elevators&&&&&&
&&&&&& B. to reveal their secret war against
&&&&&& C. to emphasize the importance of elevators
&&&&&& D. to contrast their functions with
【答案】 C
【解析】推理判断题。题干意思为：作者提到汽车的目的是________。可以 定位到第一段第三、四句：Without the
elevator, they point out, there could be no
skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be &&&& impossible. In that sense, they argue, the
elevator’s role in American history has &&&& been
no less significant than that of cars. 第三句直接说明电梯的重要性，第四&&&&&& 句通过比较，说电梯的重要性不亚于汽车，可知作者提到汽车是为了强调电&&&& 梯的重要性，即答案为C项。
【难度说明】：中等
According to Prof. Bernard, what has made the elevator ride different from
other life experiences?
&&&&&& A. Uncomfortable conditions
&&&&&& B. Little physical space
&&&&&& C. Lack of excitement
&&&&&& D. Vertical direction
【答案】 B
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干意思，可定位到倒数第二段的最后一句话： That mixture, according to Bernard, sets the
elevator ride apart from just about &&& every
other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives. 由此可知，使&&& 得elevator ride不同于其它生活经历的是that
mixture, 而that
mixture指的是&&&&&& 前一句的the mixture of closeness and
displeasure, 即乘坐电梯时的封闭性和&&& 令人不悦的影响，B项little physical space与文中closeness（封闭性）同义替&& 换，为正确答案。所以答案为B项。
【难度说明】：中等
The author urges readers to consider&&&&&&&&& .
&&&&&& A. the relationship between cars and
&&&&&& B. the role of elevators in city
development
&&&&&& C. the serious future situation of
&&&&&& D. the exact number of elevator lovers.&&&&
【答案】 B
【解析】细节理解题。题干意思为：作者主张读者考虑_________。文章最后一段说明了随着城市的发展，电梯的作用越来越重要，且根据最后一句话：And
for the people who really, really love them, it seems like high time that we
looked seriously at just what kind of force they are. 可知作者主张人们在这样的城市发展节奏下，认真思考电梯的重要性，即答案为B项。
【难度说明】：中等
五、完成句子
71.The community college
has to cut down on staff _____________________. (save)
为了省钱，那所社区学院只好裁员。
【答案】(in order to) to save money/ so as to
save money
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词to do作目的状语。
【难度说明】中等
72. So far the
well-known journalist _____________________ more than 4,000 interviews with
famous people. (accumulate)
迄今为止这位著名记者采访名人已累积达四千余人次。
【答案】：has accumulated
【解析】： 本题考查现在完成时态。本题中So far是现在完成时态的时态标志词。
【难度说明】：容易
73. Sometimes
____________________ to use examples to explain abstract concepts. (helpful)
有时候举例也许有助于解释抽象的概念。
【答案】：it may/ might be helpful
【解析】：本题考查it作形式主语。本句中真正的主语是动词不定式“to
use examples to explain abstract concepts”，要说明的是举例解释抽象的概念可能是有用的，因此用it来作形式主语指代真正的主语。
【难度说明】：中等
74. The police will
reward ____________________ useful information to catch the robber. (provide)
任何人提供有用信息帮助抓住劫匪，警方将予以奖励。
【答案】：whoever provides / has provided
【解析】：本题考查名词性从句。“任何人”应用whoever来作为从句的连接词。
【难度说明】：中等
75. He’s the only
student in the class _________________ to take part in the Model United Nations
conference. (select)
他是班上唯一被选上去参加模拟联合国大会的同学。
【答案】：that has been selected
【解析】：本题考查限制性定语从句。此题中要注意先行词前面有the
only，因此要用关系词that引导从句，且从句中动词应该用第三人称单数形式。
【难度说明】：中等
76. No other
technological development has had _____________________ as the growth of
electronics on so many aspects of social, economic, and cultural development.
没有哪像技术的发展像电子技术这样，对我们的社会、经济以及文化等诸多方面产生过如此重要的影响。
【答案】：as great an impact
【解析】：本题考查as…as结构引导的同级比较。注意as…as结构中间的名词应该置于形容词之后。
【难度说明】：中等
______________________ the mee you could have come to tell
me afterwards. (interrupt)
你不该打断会议来告诉我那件事，你本可以会后告诉我。
【答案】：shouldn’t have interrupted / oughtn’t to have
interrupted
【解析】：本题考查情态动词表“本……”的使用。句子实际上是要说做了本不应该做的事情，因此用shouldn’t
/ oughtn’t have done结构来表达。
【难度说明】：容易
78. This novel was once
the ______________________ book in high schools in the United States. (read)
这部小说曾经是美国高中阅读最广泛的书。
【答案】：most widely read
【解析】：本题考查过去分词作定语的功能。句子实际的意思是“这是被读得最广泛的书”，因此用过去分词来修饰book。
【难度说明】:难
79. The Public Square is
an eye-catching sight of the city. ______________________ many stone sculptures
of famous historical figures. (stand)
大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那儿。
【答案】：There stand
【解析】：本题考查完全倒装。There, here在句首时句子要进行完全倒装。
【难度说明】：中等。
80. It was several
minutes _______________________ what he was saying. (take)
过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。
【答案】：before I took in / before I could take in
【解析】：本题考查时间状语从句。句中的“才”提示使用before来引导从句。
【难度说明】：中等。
六、短文写作：
请根据以下提示，并结合具体事例，用英语写一篇短文。
Small things make a big
difference. The small things we do can make us a responsible member of the
= 1 \* GB3①无须写标题；
= 2 \* GB3②除诗歌外，文体不限；
= 3 \* GB3③内容必须结合你生活中的具体事例；
= 4 \* GB3④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
= 5 \* GB3⑤词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数。
It isn’t hard
to grow up into a responsible member of society.
I can well
remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon. I was on my way
to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl
of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which drove off quickly. A man
immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without
hesitation. Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest
hospital. Compared with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did.
As a member
of the society, I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a
better society
自从2010年英语作文改革之后，传统作文的万能模板已经不再能应付所有的作文题目。纵观近5年的英语作文，每一年的关键词都不一样。今年的作文题目中有两个关键短语：small things
make a big difference以及a responsible
member of the society. 学生们平时在平时的月考，调考以及模拟考试中，作文题目大多数都是关于校园生活的，而2014年的高考中，作文题目明确指出要做有社会责任感的人。所以学生必须要认真仔细地读题目，防止偏题。
根据湖北高考作文的评分标准，考官首先会根据文章的内容和语言判定作文所属的档次，然后再从以下几个方面评价学生的作文得分：内容切题，语言表达准确，多样，连贯，得体。另外，学生也需要注意自己作文的标点符号和卷面书写。
【范文解析】
isn’t hard to grow up into a responsible member of society.
can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon. I was
on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing
when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, ①which drove off
quickly. A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I
joined in② without hesitation. Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent
her to the nearest hospital. ③Compared with the escaped driver, I am proud of what
& As a member of
the society, I am aware that④ being responsible is ⑤what it takes to make a
better society.
①&&& 非限制性定语从句
②&&& 高级短语
③&&& 过去分词做状语
④&&& 动名词做主语
⑤&&& 表语从句
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