VOA慢速英语:救命！救命！救命！
Now, the VOA Special English program WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.
现在是美国之音慢速英语词汇掌故节目。
A listener from Venezuela sent us a question about the meaning of the expression mayday. He wrote that he often hears this expression in movies.
一位来自委内瑞拉的听众向我们询问关于mayday这个词的释义。他说他在电影中经常听到这个词。
Mayday is an emergency code word. It is used around the world in voice communications. You might see a war movie in which an airplane has been hit by rocket fire. The pilot gets on his radio and calls &mayday, mayday, mayday& to tell that his plane is in danger of crashing to the ground.
Mayday是紧急状况信号词。它通常应用于世界范围内的语音交流。您可能会看到一部战争片，其中一架飞机被导弹击中。飞行员在电台中呼叫&mayday, mayday, mayday&以表示他的飞机存在坠毁地面的危险。
Mayday has nothing to do with the month of May. It comes from the French expressions &venez m'aider,& or &m'aidez,& which mean &help me.&
Mayday与5月份没有任何联系。它出自法语&venez m'aider&或&m'aidez，&意思是&救救我。&
Frederick Stanley Mockford created the mayday call signal in the nineteen twenties. Mockford was a radio officer at Croydon Airport in London. He was asked to think of a word that could be used in an emergency. The word had to be easily understood by all pilots and airport workers. Much of the air traffic at that time was between Croydon Airport and Le Bourget Airport near Paris, France. So he proposed the word mayday.
20世纪20年代，Frederick Stanley Mockford创造这个求救呼叫信号。 Mockford是伦敦Croydon机场的无线电报务员。他被要求想出一个可以在紧急情况下使用的词，这个词也必须很容易被所有飞行员和机场工作人员理解。那时候的航空运输大部分是在Croydon机场和法国巴黎附近的Le Bourget机场之间进行。于是，他提出了mayday这个词。
Today, many groups use the word to mean a life-threatening emergency. The call is always given three times to prevent mistaking it for some similar sounding words.
今天，许多组织都使用这个词来表示一种危及生命的紧急情况。这种呼叫总是重复3次，以防止与一些类似发音的词混淆。
Many other French words are commonly used in English. One of these words is even in the Special English Word Book. It is sabotage. It means to damage or destroy as an act of subversion against an organization or nation.
许多其他的法语词汇也常用于英语中。这些词汇中的一个甚至出现在慢速英语的词汇手册上。这个词就是sabotage，意思是颠覆一个组织或国家的破坏行为。
You may have heard the term laissez-faire to describe a kind of economic or political policy. It means to leave alone and not interfere. It was first used in France in the eighteenth century.
你可能听说过laissez-faire(自由主义)这个描述了一种经济或政治政策的术语，意思是放任不加干预。它首次被出现于18世纪的法国。
In the business world, entrepreneur is another French word. It means a person who starts and operates a new business and has responsibility for any risks involved.
在商业领域中，entrepreneur(企业家)是另一个法语词汇。意思是启动和运营一项新生意，并承担所有风险的人。
Many French words are used in the arts. For example, a film noir is a movie about murder and other crimes. These films were popular in the nineteen forties and nineteen fifties. Anything in art, music or literature which is very modern or ahead of its time is called avant-garde.
还有许多法语词汇用于艺术。例如，a film noir(黑色电影)是指关于谋杀和其他犯罪的影片。这种影片风靡于十九世纪四五十年代。任何艺术，音乐或文学的现代或超前被称为avant-garde(前卫)。
If you are looking for a job, you must prepare your r&sum&. This document lists all of your education, skills and experience. Something that is one of a kind and like no other thing is called unique.
如果你在找工作，你必须准备你的r&sum&(简历)。这份文件列出了你的教育程度，技能和经验。不同于其他的，独具一格的东西被称为unique(独一无二的)。
The French are famous for their food. All cooks need to know how to saut&. This is frying something quickly in a small amount of oil or butter. When you are eating at a restaurant, the server may tell you bon app&tit, which means good appetite, or enjoy your meal. And if you go away, someone may wish you bon voyage or have a good trip.
法国的食物非常有名。所有的厨师必须知道如何saut&(炒)。这是指用少量油或黄油快速煎一些食物。当你在餐厅吃饭时，服务员可能会祝你bon app&tit(胃口好)，意思是好胃口，或享受用餐。如果你要离开，有人会希望你bon voyage(一路顺风)，或旅途愉快。
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Related Articles英语连接词~很全的版本！！！
连接词的意义分类
表递进moreover, in addition, what is more，furthermore, also, then,
besides, etc.
表转折however, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary,
表层次on the
one hand, ... first, ... second, ...
表强调firstly, ... secondly, ... finally ...; first, ... then ...
fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, obviously,
apparently,
表结果evidently, first of all, undoubtedly, without any shadow of
doubt, etc.
表结尾therefore, as a result, then, consequently, accordingly, thus,
表例举in a
word, in conclusion, therefore, in short, to sum up, etc.
表强调still,
Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all,
significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly,
undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially.
Obviously, clearly.
表比较like,
similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner,
contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand,
unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however,
nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.
example, for instance, such as, take ...for example. Except (for),
to illustrate.
表时间later,
next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on,
at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in
the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then,
during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards,
temporarily, earlier, now, after a while. first after a few days
eventually at that time in the meantime meanwhile afterward from
表顺序first,
second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the
first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first
and most important.
表可能presumably, probably, perhaps.
other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in
simpler terms.
表递进What
is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too,
moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.
表让步although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even
though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.
表转折however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand,
unfortunately. whereas
this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since,
表结果as a
result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as
consequence.
表总结on the
whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary,
to conclude, to
summarize, in short.
其他类型连接词
occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently,
frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of
us, in many cases, in this case,
表空间near
to far from in the front of beside behind to the right to the left
on the other side of
表举例 for
example to name a few, say , such as
addition furthermore what’s more what’s worse
表对比whereas while as opposed to by contrast by comparison
表示时间与频率的词汇:in general, every, some, after, on the whole, usually,
most, at other times, in most cases, frequently, main, finally, as
a rule, rarely, before, meanwhile.
表示附加的词:additionally, as well as, just as, again, along with, also,
further, furthermore, likewise, in the same manner, in the same
way, in addition to,
引出例子:for
example, namely, for instance, as an example, that is
表示转折:although, instead, rather than, but, nevertheless, though,
however, on the other hand, otherwise
得出结论:all
in all, in consequence, in brief, as a result, the point is, in
conclusion, therefore, hence, in sum.
表示增加的过渡词：also，and，and then，too，in
addition，furthermore，moreover，again，on top of that，another，first
second third等。
表示时间顺序的过渡词：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in
a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally等。
表示空间顺序的过渡词：near（to），far（from），in front
of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right
（left），around，outside等。
表示比较的过渡词：in the same way，just like，just as等。
表示对照的过渡词：but，still，yet，however，on the other hand，on the contrary，in
spite of，even though等。
表示结 果 和 原
因 的 过 渡 词：because，since，so，as a
result，therefore，hence，thus，otherwise等。
表示目的的过渡词：for this reason，for this purpose，so that等。
表示强调的过渡词：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any
doubt，truly，to repeat，above all，most important等。
表示解释说明的过渡词：for example，in fact，in this case，for actually等。
表示总结的过渡词：finally，at last，in conclusion，as I have shown，in other
word，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，as has been
增补(Addition)
addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more,
similarly, next, finally.
比较(Comparison) in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in
comparison, just as
对照(Contrast) whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead,
however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary,
因果(Cause
and effect) because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to,
thanks to, as a result (of), accordingly, hence, so, thus
强调(Emphasis) certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely,
actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in
particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most important
6.让步(Concession) although, though, after all, in spite of,
nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....
7.例证(Exemplification) for example, for instance, that is, namely,
such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.
总结(Conclusion) to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in
brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nut shell, in summary
推断(Inference) therefore, as a result(of), consequently,
accordingly, so, otherwise
时间和空间(Time and space) afterward, after, first, later, then, soon,
outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the
middle, opposite, in front of
表示罗列增加（递进）
first, second, third, firstly, secondly, thirdly, first, then /
next, after that / next, finally / last / last but not least, and
equally important, on (the) one hand…, on the other hand…, besides
/ what’s more / in addition (to &sth.) /
furthermore / moreover / another / also / too, plus, as well,
especially / particularly / in particular
表示时间顺序
present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in
a few days, at first, at the beginning (of sth.), to begin with, to
start with
next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly = all of a sudden, at
that moment, as soon as, the moment…, form now on, from then on,
same time = meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while,
as, during
表示解释说明
addition, for example, for instance, in this case, in fact / as a
matter of fact / actually, frankly speaking, in other words, in
simpler terms, that is to say, to put it differently
表示转折关系
however, while, though, yet, still, nevertheless, or, otherwise, on
the contrary / on the other hand, in spite of… / despite the fact
that…, even though, except (for), instead, in stead of, of course,
after all, even so
表示并列关系
also, too, not only … but also…, as well as, both… and…, either
…or…, neither…nor…
表示因果关系
原因：because, because of = thanks to… = due to… = owing to…, since =
now that, as, for,
therefore, thus, hence, as a result (of), on this / that account,
so…that, such…that, in this way
表示条件关系
long as, on condition that, if, unless
表示让步关系
although， as， even if， even though， whether …or…， however， whoever,
whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what,
which, where)
example, for instance, such as…, like…, take… for example
similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with
(to)…, just like
reason, for this purpose, so that, in order that, in order to, so
in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly,
obviously, above all
表示概括归纳
word, in short, in brief, in summary, on the whole, generally
speaking, in general, in my opinion, as far as I am concerned, as
what has been mentioned, to sum up, to conclude, in conclusion
表示“尤有进者”的意思：
also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in
addition等，如：
　① Jason
teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.
　② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official
language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science
and technology.
表示“反意见”： But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in
spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等，如：
　③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.
　④ Singapore is not a big country. On the contrary, it is very
表示“困果关系”：
Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result
　⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually
　⑥ T hence, he failed.
表示“比较关系”：
Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等，如：
　⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook
without rice.
　⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class.
Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in
a&&& Mandarin
表示“举例示范”：
For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等，如：
　⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance,
it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".
表示“结束”：
To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等，如：
　⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is
not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like S
some do not.
and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in
addition, what is more, for instance, for example
although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, nevertheless,
yet, otherwise, despite
first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next
as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore,
as, since, consequently, on account of
as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus,
consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word
几个用得比较多的句子：
As far as I am concerned, the advantages of … outweigh its
disadvantages.
Nevertheless, the disadvantages of … is undeniable.
To sum up/ In general/ On the whole/ In brief/ In short/ In a word,
it is true that … bring about both positive and negative results.
But we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the
least extent.
Obviously, in every aspect, …
This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between…and…
As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high,
they were indeed remarkable and impressive.
表层进\表举例\表解释\表总结\表强调\表让步\表比较\表转折\表时间\表层进
first, firstly to begin with second, secondly to start with
third, thirdly what’s more
also and then
and equally important
besides in addition
further in the first place
still furthermore
last last but not the least
next besides
too moreover
for example for instance
to illustrate as an illustration
after all 　
as a matter of fact frankly speaking
in this case namely
in other words 　
in summary in a word
in brief in conclusion
to conclude in fact
indeed in short
in other words of course
it is true specially
namely in all
that is to summarize
thus as has been said
altogether in other words
finally in simpler terms
in particular that is
on the whole to put it differently
therefore 　
of course indeed
above all most important
emphasis certainly in fact
still nevertheless
in spite of all the same
even so after all
concession granted naturally
of course 　
in comparison likewise
similarly equally
however likewise
in the same way 　
by contrast although
at the same time but
in contrast nevertheless
notwithstanding on the contrary
on the other hand otherwise
regardless still
though yet
despite the fact that even so
even though for all that
however in spite of
instead 　
after a while afterward
again also
and then as long as
at last at length
at that time before
besides earlier
eventually finally
formerly further
furthermore in addition
in the first place in the past
last lately
meanwhile moreover
presently second
shortly simultaneously
since so far
soon still
subsequently then
thereafter too
until until now
总结关系过渡词语
in general, to some extent, in my view, as for me, as far as I am
concerned, obviously, in brief, on the whole
比较对比关系过渡词语
similarly, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand,
otherwise, in sharp contrast, but, however, yet, nevertheless
列举关系过渡词语
as a case in point, such as, first of all, to begin with,
furthermore, besides, in addition, for one thing, for another
因果关系过渡词语
because (of), since, for, owing to, thanks to, as a result of,
consequently, for the reason that, therefore, hence
让步关系过渡词语
although, even though, in spite of, despite
强调关系过渡词语
surely, obviously, particularly, in deed, needless to say, most
important of all
in addition, also, moreover, besides，what's more
immediately, meanwhile, presently, shortly, since, soon,
temporarily, while
as, as if, the way，by
so that, lest，in order that
First ,firstly, to begin with, further, in the first place
second, secondly, to start with, still, furthermore
third, thirdly, what is more, last, last but not least
also, and then, next, besides
and equally important too moreover
besides in addition finally
2)表转折；
by contrast although though yet
at the same time but despite the fact that even so
in contrast nevertheless even though for all that
notwithstanding on the contrary however in spite of
on the other hand otherwise instead still
regardless
3)表因果；
therefore consequently because of for the reason
thus hence due to owing to
so accordingly thanks to on this account
since as on that account in this way
for as a result as a consequence
4）表让步：
still nevertheless concession granted naturally
in spite of all the same of course despite
even so after all
5)表递近：furthermore moreover likewise what is more
also not only...but also...
6)表举例：
example for instance for one thing that is
illustrate as an illustration a case in point
7)表解释：
matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namely
8)表总结：
summary in a word thus as has been said
in conclusion altogether in other words
conclude in fact finally in simpler terms
short in particular that is
words of course on the whole to put it differently
all therefore to summarize
表并列补充关系:
what is more, besides, also, as well, moreover, furthermore, in
表转折对比关系:
but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary,
although, different from, in contrast to, despite, in spite of,
whereas, un?鄄like, nevertheless, not only...but also, here...there,
years ago...today, this...that, the former...the latter,
then...now, the first...whereas the second, once...now, on the one
hand...on the other , some...others
表因果关系:
since, as, because （of）, for, so, thus, therefore, as a result, so
表条件关系:
if, on the condition （that）, as long as, unless, or else
表时间关系:
when, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon,
lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime,
then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this
morning/year/century, after an interval, now, after, presently,
later, after?鄄ward, somewhat later, finally, at last, all of a
表特定的顺序关系:
above all, first of all, firstly, first, secondly, the , next,
finally, in the end, at last
表换一种方式表达:
in other words, that is to say, to put it another way
表举例说明:
for instance, for example, like, such as
表陈述事实: in
fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth
表总结: on
the whole, in short, all in all, general, in a word, in conclusion,
in closing, in summary
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